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10:10 beginning of his kingdom. See note 8:1–12:9. Nimrod, the prototypical city and kingdom builder, marks the beginning of man’s post-Flood quest for domination and autonomy over and against God (4:17 note; 11:4–6).
Babel. The Babylonians, infamous destroyers of Judah.
Erech. One of the oldest known cities, Erech (or Uruk; modern Warka) was an important city on the Euphrates River. Inhabitants of this area were later deported to Samaria by the Assyrians (Ezra 4:9, 10).
Accad. Though the home of the famous King Sargon of Accad (c. 2350–2295 b.c.), it has not been located.
Calneh. Not the Calneh of Amos 6:2; this site has not been identified.
Shinar. The region of Babylonia.