4:10 Aristarchus. This Jew from Thessalonica had been publicly associated with Paul’s tumultuous ministry in Ephesus (Acts 19:29). He had traveled with Paul’s company through Greece (Acts 20:4) and on to Jerusalem and Rome (Acts 27:2), where he now shared the apostle’s imprisonment.

Mark. The rift that had emerged more than a decade earlier between Paul and the cousins Barnabas and John Mark (author of the Gospel of Mark, Acts 13:13; 15:37–40) had healed (2 Tim. 4:11; Philem. 24). Paul’s special mention of Mark testifies to the power of the reconciling work of Christ (1:20–22) and to the peace that is to rule within Christ’s body (3:15).