Old/New Testament
1 These are the words of Amos, one of the shepherds from the town of Tekoa [C a small town in the highlands of Judah, ten miles south of Jerusalem]. ·He saw this vision about [L …which he saw concerning] Israel two years before the earthquake [Zech. 14:5]. ·It was at the time […L in the days when] Uzziah was king of Judah [C ruled 769–733 bc] and Jeroboam son of Jehoash was king of Israel [C ruled 800–784 bc].
2 Amos said,
“The Lord will roar [Joel 3:16] from ·Jerusalem [L Zion; C the location of the Temple];
he ·will send his voice [or thunders; bellows; L gives his voice] from Jerusalem.
The pastures of the shepherds will ·become dry [or mourn],
and even the top of Mount Carmel [9:3] will ·dry up [wither].”
Israel’s Neighbors Are Punished
The People of Aram
3 This is what the Lord says:
“For ·the many [L three, even four] ·crimes [sins; transgressions] of Damascus,
I will ·punish them [L not turn back/grant a reprieve].
They ·drove over [beat down; L threshed] the people of Gilead
with threshing boards ·that had iron teeth [L of iron].
4 So I will send fire upon the house of Hazael [C the royal dynasty of Syria (Aram), founded by Hazael (842–796 bc); 2 Kin. 8:7–15]
that will destroy the strong towers of Ben-Hadad [C either Hazael’s predecessor (whom he assassinated), or Hazael’s son, who took the same name].
5 I will break down the bar of the gate to Damascus [C the huge beam used to lock the gate]
and destroy the ·king who is in [or the inhabitants of; L the one who sits/dwells in] the Valley of ·Aven [or Wickedness; Hos. 4:15],
as well as the ·leader [L one who holds the scepter] of Beth Eden [C either Bit Adini, a city-state near the Euphrates, or a mocking name for Damascus, meaning “city of delight”].
The people of ·Aram [Syria] will be taken captive to the country of Kir [C where the Syrians originated (9:7); ironically, they would return there as captives; 2 Kin. 16:9],” says the Lord.
The People of Philistia
6 This is what the Lord says:
“For ·the many [L three, even four; v. 3] ·crimes [sins; transgressions] of Gaza,
I will ·punish them [L not turn back/grant a reprieve].
They sold ·all the people of one area [whole communities]
·as slaves [into captivity] to Edom.
7 So I will send a fire on the walls of Gaza
that will ·destroy [devour; consume] the city’s ·strong buildings [fortresses; palaces].
8 I will destroy the ·king [or inhabitants; L the one who sits; v. 5] of the city of Ashdod,
as well as the ·leader [L one who holds the scepter] of Ashkelon.
Then I will turn [L my hand] against ·the people of the city of Ekron [L Ekron],
and the ·last [rest; remnant] of the Philistines will ·die [perish],” says the Lord God.
The People of Phoenicia
9 This is what the Lord says:
“For ·the many [L three, even four; vv. 3, 6] ·crimes [sins; transgressions] of Tyre,
I will ·punish them [L not turn back/grant a reprieve].
They sold ·all the people of one area [whole communities]
·as slaves to Edom [into captivity],
and they forgot the ·agreement among relatives they had made with Israel [L covenant/treaty of brotherhood].
10 So I will send fire on the walls of Tyre
that will ·destroy [devour; consume] the city’s ·strong buildings [fortresses; palaces].”
The People of Edom
11 This is what the Lord says:
“For ·the many [L three, even four; vv. 3, 6, 9] ·crimes [sins; transgressions] of Edom,
I will ·punish them [L not turn back/grant a reprieve].
·They hunted down their relatives, the Israelites, [L He pursued his brother; C Esau (Edom) was the brother of Jacob/Israel and so the Israelites were related to the Edomites] with the sword,
·showing them no mercy [or wiping out their allies; or destroying their women].
·They were angry all the time [His anger raged unceasingly]
and ·kept on being very angry [L he preserved his wrath forever].
12 So I will send fire on the city of Teman
that will even ·destroy [consume; devour] the ·strong buildings [fortresses; palaces] of Bozrah [C the whole country; Teman was in northern Edom and Bozrah in the south].”
The People of Ammon
13 This is what the Lord says:
“For ·the many [L three, even four; vv. 3, 6, 9, 11] ·crimes [sins; transgressions] of Ammon,
I will ·punish them [L not turn back/grant a reprieve].
They ripped open the pregnant women in Gilead
·so they could take over that land
and make their own country larger [L to enlarge their borders].
14 So I will send fire on the city wall of Rabbah
that will ·destroy [consume; devour] its ·strong buildings [fortresses; palaces].
·It will come during [L Amid shouting/war cries on] a day of battle,
during a stormy day with ·strong winds [a whirlwind].
15 Then their king will be taken ·captive [into exile];
he and his ·leaders [officials; princes] will all be taken away together,” says the Lord.
The People of Moab
2 This is what the Lord says:
“For ·the many [L three, even four; 1:3, 6, 9, 11, 13] ·crimes [sins; transgressions] of Moab,
I will ·punish them [L not turn back/grant a reprieve].
They burned the bones of the king of Edom into lime [C desecrating a tomb was a serious offense in the ancient Near East].
2 So I will send fire on Moab
that will ·destroy [consume; devour] the ·strong buildings [fortresses; palaces] of the city of Kerioth.
·The people of Moab [L Moab] will die in a great ·noise [uproar; tumult],
in the middle of ·the sounds of war [shouting; war cries] and trumpets.
3 So I will ·bring an end to [destroy; L cut off] the king of Moab,
and I will kill all its ·leaders [officials; princes] with him,” says the Lord.
The People of Judah
4 This is what the Lord says:
“For ·the many [L three, even four; 2:1] ·crimes [sins; transgressions] of Judah,
I will ·punish them [L not turn back/grant a reprieve].
They rejected the ·teachings [law; L Torah] of the Lord
and did not ·keep [guard] his ·commands [statutes; ordinances; requirements];
they ·followed the same gods [or have been led astray by the same lies]
as their ·ancestors [fathers] had followed.
5 So I will send fire on Judah,
and it will ·destroy [consume; devour] the ·strong buildings [fortresses; palaces] of Jerusalem.”
Israel Is Punished
6 This is what the Lord says:
“For ·the many [L three, even four; 2:1] ·crimes [sins; transgressions] of Israel,
I will ·punish them [L not turn back/grant a reprieve].
For silver, they sell ·people who have done nothing wrong [the innocent/righteous];
they sell the ·poor [needy] to buy a pair of sandals.
7 They ·walk [trample] on ·poor people [L the heads of the poor] as if they were ·dirt [L the dust of the ground/earth],
and they ·refuse to be fair to [deny justice to; or push away] those who are ·suffering [afflicted].
Fathers and sons ·have sexual relations with [L go in to] the same woman,
and so they ·ruin [defile; profane] my holy name.
8 ·As they worship at their altars [L Beside every altar],
they lie down on clothes taken ·from the poor [L in pledge; C as collateral for a debt; Deut. 24:12–13].
They fine people,
and with that money they buy wine to drink in the house of their god.
9 “But it was I who destroyed the Amorites before them,
who were tall like cedar trees and as strong as oaks—
I destroyed ·them completely [L their fruit above and roots below].
10 It was I who brought you from the land of Egypt
and led you for forty years through the ·desert [wilderness]
·so I could give you [L to possess] the land of the Amorites.
11 I made some of your children to be prophets
and some of your young people to be Nazirites [Num. 6:2].
·People [L Sons/T Children] of Israel, isn’t this true?” says the Lord.
12 “But you made the Nazirites drink wine [C violating their vows; Num. 6:3]
and ·told [commanded] the prophets not to prophesy.
13 Now I ·will make you get stuck [or will crush/press you down; or am burdened by you],
as a wagon loaded with grain ·gets stuck [or is weighed/pressed down].
14 No one will ·escape [find refuge], not even the fastest runner.
Strong people will not be strong enough;
warriors will not be able to save themselves.
15 Soldiers with bows and arrows will not ·stand and fight [hold their ground],
and even fast runners will not get away;
soldiers on horses will not escape alive.
16 At that time even the bravest warriors
will run away ·without their armor [L naked],” says the Lord.
Warning to Israel
3 Listen to this word that the Lord has spoken against you, ·people [L sons; T children] of Israel, against the whole family he brought out of Egypt.
2 “I have ·chosen [known; C selected for a special relationship] only you
out of all the families of the earth,
so I will punish you
for all your sins.”
3 ·Two people will not [L Can two…?] walk together
unless they have agreed ·to do so [or to meet; or on the direction].
4 ·A lion in the forest does not [L Does a lion in the forest…?] roar
unless it has caught ·an animal [L its prey];
·it does not [L does a young lion…?] growl in its den
when it has caught nothing.
5 ·A bird will not [L Does a bird…?] fall into a trap
where there is no bait;
·the trap will not [L does the trap…?] spring shut
if there is nothing to catch.
6 When a trumpet ·blows a warning [L sounds] in a city,
[L do not…?] the people tremble.
When ·trouble [disaster] comes to a city,
·the Lord has [L has not the Lord…?] caused it.
7 Before the Lord God does anything,
he tells his plans to his servants the prophets.
8 The lion has roared [C a symbol of coming judgment]!
Who wouldn’t be afraid?
The Lord God has spoken.
Who will not prophesy?
9 Announce this to the ·strong buildings [fortresses; palaces] of Ashdod [C a city in Philistia]
and to the ·strong buildings [fortresses; palaces] of Egypt:
“·Come to [Assemble yourselves on] the mountains of Samaria,
where you will see great ·confusion [chaos; tumult]
and ·people hurting others [oppression in her midst].”
10 “The people don’t know how to do what is right,” says the Lord.
“Their ·strong buildings [fortresses; palaces] are filled with ·treasures they took by force from others [the spoils of violence and robbery].”
11 So this is what the Lord God says:
“An enemy will ·take over [overrun; or encircle] the land
and pull down your strongholds;
he will ·take the treasures out of [plunder] your ·strong buildings [fortresses; palaces].”
12 This is what the Lord says:
“A shepherd might save from a lion’s mouth
only two leg bones or a scrap of an ear of his sheep.
In the same way only a few Israelites in Samaria will be saved—
·people who now sit on their beds
and on their couches [or only a corner of a bed or a part of a couch will be saved].”
13 “Listen and ·be witnesses [testify] against the family of Jacob [C Israel],” says the Lord God, the God ·All-Powerful [Almighty; of Heaven’s Armies; T of hosts].
14 “·When [L On the day] I punish Israel for their sins,
I will also destroy the altars at Bethel [C an important worship center in Israel; 1 Kin. 12:25–33].
The ·corners [L horns] of the altar will be cut off,
and they will fall to the ground.
15 I will tear down the winter house,
together with the summer house.
The houses ·decorated with [or filled with; L of] ivory will be destroyed,
and the great houses will ·come to an end [or be swept away],” says the Lord.
6 Then I watched while the Lamb opened the first of the seven seals [5:1]. I heard one of the four living creatures say with a voice like thunder, “·Come [or Go; C Christ, the Lamb, calls forth the four riders who bring bloody judgment on the world]!” 2 I looked, and ·there before me was [L look; T behold] a white horse. The rider on the horse held a bow [C signifying war], and he was given a crown [C indicating victory; see 2:10], and he rode out, ·determined to win the victory [L conquering and in order to conquer].
3 When the Lamb opened the second seal, I heard the second living creature say, “·Come [or Go; 6:1]!” 4 Then another horse came out, a ·red [L fiery/bright red; C possibly signifying blood] one. Its rider was given ·power [permission] to take away peace from the earth and to make people ·kill [slaughter] each other, and he was given a ·big [great] sword [C signifying civil war].
5 When the Lamb opened the third seal, I heard the third living creature say, “·Come [or Go]!” I looked, and ·there before me was [L look; T behold] a black horse [C indicating mourning brought on by the rider], and its rider held a pair of scales in his hand [C for use in commerce; Prov. 11:1; 16:11]. 6 Then I heard something that sounded like a voice coming from the middle of the four living creatures. The voice said, “A quart of wheat for a ·day’s pay [L denarius; C a Roman coin equal to a day’s wage], and three quarts of barley for a ·day’s pay [L denarius; C inflated prices caused by famine], and do not damage the olive oil and wine [C indicates only partial destruction; vines and olive trees endured drought better than wheat and barley]!”
7 When the Lamb opened the fourth seal, I heard the voice of the fourth living creature say, “·Come [or Go; 6:1]!” 8 I looked, and ·there before me was [L look; T behold] a ·pale [or pale green] horse. Its rider was named death, and Hades [C the realm of the dead, also known as Sheol] was following close behind him. They were given ·power [authority] over a fourth of the earth to kill people by ·war [L the sword], by ·starvation [famine], by ·disease [pestilence; plague], and by the wild animals of the earth.
9 When the Lamb opened the fifth seal, I saw under the altar [C probably the bronze altar where sacrifices were offered] the souls of those who had been ·killed [slaughtered; slain] because ·they were faithful to [L of] the word of God and to the ·message [witness; testimony] they had ·received [or given; or maintained]. 10 These souls ·shouted [cried out] in a loud voice, “Holy and true ·Lord [Master], how long until you judge the people of the earth and ·punish them for killing us [L avenge our blood]?” 11 Then each one of them was given a white robe [C signifying high status and purity] and was told to ·wait [or rest] a short time longer. There were still some of their fellow servants and ·brothers and sisters in the service of Christ [L their brothers; C the Greek term may include men and women] who ·must be [were soon to be] killed as they were. They had to wait until all of this was ·finished [fulfilled; completed].
12 Then I watched while the Lamb opened the sixth seal, and there was a great earthquake. The sun became black like ·rough black cloth [L sackcloth made of goat hair; C clothing used in mourning], and the whole moon became red like blood [C signifying destruction; apocalyptic literature often describes nature falling apart at the end time; Joel 2:31]. 13 And the stars in the sky fell to the earth like ·figs [or unripe figs] falling from a fig tree when ·the wind blows [L shaken by a strong wind/gale]. 14 The sky ·disappeared [vanished] as a scroll when it is rolled up [Is. 34:4], and every mountain and island was moved from its place.
15 Then the kings of the earth, the ·rulers [princes; nobles; magnates], the generals, the rich people, the powerful people, ·the slaves, and the free people [L and everyone, both slave and free; C people of every status and economic level] hid themselves in caves and in the rocks on the mountains. 16 They called to the mountains and the rocks, “Fall on us. Hide us from the face of the One who sits on the throne and from the ·anger [wrath] of the Lamb! 17 [L Because] The great day for their ·anger [wrath] has come [C the final judgment], and who can stand against it [C a rhetorical question]?”
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