New Testament in a Year

Footnotes

1. Luke 19:28 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
2. Luke 19:28 tn This could mean “before [his disciples],” but that is slightly more awkward, requiring an elided element (the disciples) to be supplied.
3. Luke 19:28 sn This is yet another travel note on the journey to Jerusalem. See also Luke 18:31; 19:11. Jesus does not actually enter Jerusalem until 19:45.
4. Luke 19:29 tn Grk “And it happened that when.” The introductory phrase ἐγένετο (egeneto, “it happened that”), common in Luke (69 times) and Acts (54 times), is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated. Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.
5. Luke 19:29 sn The exact location of the village of Bethphage is not known. Most locate it on the southeast side of the Mount of Olives and northwest of Bethany, about 1.5 miles (3 km) east of Jerusalem.
6. Luke 19:29 tn Grk “at the mountain called ‘of Olives.’” This form of reference is awkward in contemporary English, so the more familiar “Mount of Olives” has been used in the translation.sn “Mountain” in English generally denotes a higher elevation than it often does in reference to places in Palestine. The Mount of Olives is really a ridge running north to south about 1.8 mi (3 km) long, east of Jerusalem across the Kidron Valley. Its central elevation is about 100 ft (30 m) higher than Jerusalem. It was named for the large number of olive trees which grew on it.
7. Luke 19:30 tn Grk “saying.”
8. Luke 19:30 tn Grk “the village lying before [you]” (BDAG 530 s.v. κατέναντι 2.a).
9. Luke 19:30 tn Grk “in which entering.” This is a continuation of the previous sentence in Greek, but because of the length and complexity of the construction a new sentence was started here in the translation.
10. Luke 19:30 tn Grk “a colt tied there on which no one of men has ever sat.”
11. Luke 19:31 sn The custom called angaria allowed the impressment of animals for service to a significant figure.
12. Luke 19:32 tn Grk “sent ahead and went and found.”
13. Luke 19:32 sn Exactly as he had told them. Nothing in Luke 19-23 catches Jesus by surprise. Often he directs the action.
14. Luke 19:33 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
15. Luke 19:33 tn Grk “said to them.”
16. Luke 19:35 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
17. Luke 19:35 tn Grk “garments,” but this refers in context to their outer cloaks. The action is like 2 Kgs 9:13.
18. Luke 19:35 sn See Zech 9:9.
19. Luke 19:35 tn Although ἐπεβίβασαν (epebibasan) is frequently translated “set [Jesus] on it” or “put [Jesus] on it,” when used of a riding animal the verb can mean “to cause to mount” (L&N 15.98); thus here “had Jesus get on it.” The degree of assistance is not specified.
20. Luke 19:36 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
21. Luke 19:36 tn The disciples initiated this action (since in 19:35 and 37 they are the subject) but the other gospels indicate the crowds also became involved. Thus it is difficult to specify the referent here as “the disciples” or “people.”
22. Luke 19:37 tn Grk “the descent of”; this could refer to either the slope of the hillside itself or the path leading down from it (the second option has been adopted for the translation, see L&N 15.109).
23. Luke 19:37 sn See the note on the name Mount of Olives in v. 29.
24. Luke 19:37 tn Grk “the”; the Greek article has been translated here as a possessive pronoun (ExSyn 215).
25. Luke 19:37 tn Here the participle χαίροντες (chairontes) has been translated as a finite verb in English; it could also be translated adverbially as a participle of manner: “began to praise God joyfully.”
26. Luke 19:37 sn See 2:13, 20; Acts 2:47; 3:8-9.
27. Luke 19:37 tn Or “works of power,” “miracles.” Jesus’ ministry of miracles is what has drawn attention. See Luke 7:22.
28. Luke 19:37 tn Grk “they had seen, saying.” The participle λέγοντες (legontes) is redundant in contemporary English and has not been translated.
29. Luke 19:38 sn Luke adds the title king to the citation from Ps 118:26 to make clear who was meant (see Luke 18:38). The psalm was used in looking for the deliverance of the end, thus leading to the Pharisees’ reaction.
30. Luke 19:38 sn A quotation from Ps 118:26.
31. Luke 19:39 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context. Not all present are willing to join in the acclamation.
32. Luke 19:39 sn See the note on Pharisees in 5:17.
33. Luke 19:39 sn Teacher, rebuke your disciples. The Pharisees were complaining that the claims were too great.
34. Luke 19:40 tn Grk “and answering, he said.” This has been simplified in the translation to “He answered.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
35. Luke 19:40 tn Grk “these.”
36. Luke 19:40 sn This statement amounts to a rebuke. The idiom of creation speaking means that even creation knows what is taking place, yet the Pharisees miss it. On this idiom, see Gen 4:10 and Hab 2:11.
37. Luke 19:41 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the transition to a new topic.
38. Luke 19:41 tn Grk “he.”
39. Luke 19:41 sn When Jesus approached and saw the city. This is the last travel note in Luke’s account (the so-called Jerusalem journey), as Jesus approached and saw the city before entering it.
40. Luke 19:42 sn On this day. They had missed the time of Messiah’s coming; see v. 44.
41. Luke 19:42 tn Grk “the things toward peace.” This expression seems to mean “the things that would ‘lead to,’ ‘bring about,’ or ‘make for’ peace.”
42. Luke 19:42 sn But now they are hidden from your eyes. This becomes an oracle of doom in the classic OT sense; see Luke 13:31-35; 11:49-51; Jer 9:2; 13:7; 14:7. They are now blind and under judgment (Jer 15:5; Ps 122:6).
43. Luke 19:43 sn Jesus now predicted the events that would be fulfilled in the fall of Jerusalem in a.d. 70. The details of the siege have led some to see Luke writing this after Jerusalem’s fall, but the language of the verse is like God’s exilic judgment for covenant unfaithfulness (Hab 2:8; Jer 6:6, 14; 8:13-22; 9:1; Ezek 4:2; 26:8; Isa 29:1-4). Specific details are lacking and the procedures described (build an embankment against you) were standard Roman military tactics.
44. Luke 19:43 sn An embankment refers to either wooden barricades or earthworks, or a combination of the two.
45. Luke 19:44 tn Grk “They will raze you to the ground.” sn The singular pronoun you refers to the city of Jerusalem personified.
46. Luke 19:44 tn Grk “your children within you.” The phrase “[your] walls” has been supplied in the translation to clarify that the city of Jerusalem, metaphorically pictured as an individual, is spoken of here.
47. Luke 19:44 sn (Not) one stone on top of another is an idiom for total destruction.
48. Luke 19:44 tn Grk “leave stone on stone.”
49. Luke 19:44 tn Grk “the time of your visitation.” To clarify what this refers to, the words “from God” are supplied at the end of the verse, although they do not occur in the Greek text.sn You did not recognize the time of your visitation refers to the time God came to visit them. They had missed the Messiah; see Luke 1:68-79.
50. Luke 19:45 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the narrative.
51. Luke 19:45 tn Grk “he.”
52. Luke 19:45 tn Grk “the temple” (also in v. 47).sn The merchants (those who were selling things there) would have been located in the Court of the Gentiles.
53. Luke 19:45 sn Matthew (21:12-27), Mark (11:15-19) and Luke (here, 19:45-46) record this incident of the temple cleansing at the end of Jesus’ ministry. John (2:13-16) records a cleansing of the temple at the beginning of Jesus’ ministry. See the note on the word temple courts in John 2:14 for a discussion of the relationship of these accounts to one another.
54. Luke 19:46 sn A quotation from Isa 56:7.
55. Luke 19:46 tn Or “a hideout” (see L&N 1.57).
56. Luke 19:46 sn A quotation from Jer 7:11. The meaning of Jesus’ statement about making the temple courts a den of robbers probably operates here at two levels. Not only were the religious leaders robbing the people financially, but because of this they had also robbed them spiritually by stealing from them the opportunity to come to know God genuinely. It is possible that these merchants had recently been moved to this location for convenience.
57. Luke 19:47 tn Grk “And he”; the referent (Jesus) has been specified in the translation for clarity. Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
58. Luke 19:47 tn Grk “and the scribes.” See the note on the phrase “experts in the law” in 5:21.
59. Luke 19:47 tn Grk “to destroy.”sn The action at the temple was the last straw. In their view, if Jesus could cause trouble in the holy place, then he must be stopped, so the leaders were seeking to assassinate him.
60. Luke 19:48 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
61. Luke 19:48 tn Grk “they did not find the thing that they might do.”
62. Luke 19:48 sn All the people hung on his words is an idiom for intent, eager listening. Jesus’ popularity and support made it unwise for the leadership to seize him.