Historical
Introduction
1 This is the Lord’s message that came to Zephaniah son of Cushi, son of Gedaliah, son of Amariah, son of Hezekiah during the time of[a] Josiah son of Amon, king of Judah:
The Lord’s Day of Judgment is Approaching
2 “I will destroy[b] everything from the face of the earth,” says the Lord.
3 “I will destroy people and animals;
I will destroy the birds in the sky
and the fish in the sea.
(The idolatrous images of these creatures will be destroyed along with evil people.)[c]
I will remove[d] humanity from the face of the earth,” says the Lord.
4 “I will attack[e] Judah
and all who live in Jerusalem.
I will remove[f] from this place every trace of Baal worship,[g]
as well as the very memory[h] of the pagan priests.[i]
5 I will remove[j] those who worship the stars in the sky from their rooftops,[k]
those who swear allegiance to the Lord[l] while taking oaths in the name of[m] their ‘king,’[n]
6 and those who turn their backs on[o] the Lord
and do not want the Lord’s help or guidance.”[p]
7 Be silent before the Sovereign Lord,[q]
for the Lord’s day of judgment[r] is almost here.[s]
The Lord has prepared a sacrificial meal;[t]
he has ritually purified[u] his guests.
8 “On the day of the Lord’s sacrificial meal,
I will punish the princes[v] and the king’s sons,
and all who wear foreign styles of clothing.[w]
9 On that day I will punish all who leap over the threshold,[x]
who fill the house of their master[y] with wealth taken by violence and deceit.[z]
10 On that day,” says the Lord,
“a loud cry will go up[aa] from the Fish Gate,[ab]
wailing from the city’s newer district,[ac]
and a loud crash[ad] from the hills.
11 Wail, you who live in the market district,[ae]
for all the merchants[af] will disappear[ag]
and those who count money[ah] will be removed.[ai]
12 At that time I will search through Jerusalem with lamps.
I will punish the people who are entrenched in their sin,[aj]
those who think to themselves,[ak]
‘The Lord neither rewards nor punishes.’[al]
13 Their wealth will be stolen
and their houses ruined!
They will not live in the houses they have built,
nor will they drink the wine from the vineyards they have planted.
14 The Lord’s great day of judgment[am] is almost here;
it is approaching very rapidly!
There will be a bitter sound on the Lord’s day of judgment;
at that time warriors will cry out in battle.[an]
15 That day will be a day of God’s anger,[ao]
a day of distress and hardship,
a day of devastation and ruin,
a day of darkness and gloom,
a day of clouds and dark skies,
16 a day of trumpet blasts[ap] and battle cries.[aq]
Judgment will fall on[ar] the fortified cities and the high corner towers.
17 I will bring distress on the people[as]
and they will stumble[at] like blind men,
for they have sinned against the Lord.
Their blood will be poured out like dirt;
their flesh[au] will be scattered[av] like manure.
18 Neither their silver nor their gold will be able to deliver them
in the day of the Lord’s angry judgment.
The whole earth[aw] will be consumed by his fiery wrath.[ax]
Indeed,[ay] he will bring terrifying destruction[az] on all who live on the earth.”[ba]
The Prophet Warns the People
2 Bunch yourselves together like straw,[bb] you undesirable[bc] nation,
2 before God’s decree becomes reality[bd] and the day of opportunity disappears like windblown chaff,[be]
before the Lord’s raging anger[bf] overtakes[bg] you—
before the day of the Lord’s angry judgment overtakes you!
3 Seek the Lord’s favor,[bh] all you humble people[bi] of the land who have obeyed his commands![bj]
Strive to do what is right![bk] Strive to be humble![bl]
Maybe you will be protected[bm] on the day of the Lord’s angry judgment.
Judgment on Surrounding Nations
4 Indeed,[bn] Gaza will be deserted[bo]
and Ashkelon will become a heap of ruins.[bp]
Invaders will drive away the people of Ashdod by noon,[bq]
and Ekron will be overthrown.[br]
5 Beware, you who live by the sea, the people who came from Crete.[bs]
The Lord’s message is against you, Canaan, land of the Philistines:
“I will destroy everyone who lives there!”[bt]
6 The seacoast[bu] will be used as pasture lands[bv] by the shepherds
and as pens for their flocks.
7 Those who are left from the kingdom of Judah[bw] will take possession of it.[bx]
By the sea[by] they[bz] will graze,
in the houses of Ashkelon they will lie down in the evening,
for the Lord their God will intervene for them[ca] and restore their prosperity.[cb]
8 “I have heard Moab’s taunts
and the Ammonites’ insults.
They[cc] taunted my people
and verbally harassed those living in Judah.[cd]
9 Therefore, as surely as I live,” says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, the God of Israel,
“be certain that Moab will become like Sodom
and the Ammonites like Gomorrah.
They will be overrun by weeds,[ce]
filled with salt pits,[cf]
and permanently desolate.
Those of my people who are left[cg] will plunder their belongings;[ch]
those who are left in Judah[ci] will take possession of their land.”
10 This is how they will be repaid for their arrogance,[cj]
for they taunted and verbally harassed[ck] the people of the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.
11 The Lord will terrify them,[cl]
for[cm] he will weaken[cn] all the gods of the earth.
All the distant nations will worship the Lord in their own lands.[co]
12 “You[cp] Ethiopians[cq] will also die by my sword!”[cr]
13 The Lord[cs] will attack the north[ct]
and destroy Assyria.
He will make Nineveh a heap of ruins;
it will be as barren[cu] as the desert.
14 Flocks and herds[cv] will lie down in the middle of it,
as well as every kind of wild animal.[cw]
Owls[cx] will sleep in the tops of its support pillars;
they will hoot through the windows.[cy]
Rubble will cover the thresholds;[cz]
even the cedar work[da] will be exposed to the elements.[db]
15 This is how the once-proud city will end up—
the city that was so secure.[dc]
She thought to herself,[dd] “I am unique! No one can compare to me!”[de]
What a heap of ruins she has become, a place where wild animals live!
Everyone who passes by her taunts her[df] and shakes his fist.[dg]
Jerusalem is Corrupt
3 Beware to the filthy,[dh] stained city;
the city filled with oppressors![di]
2 She is disobedient;[dj]
she has refused correction.[dk]
She does not trust the Lord;
she has not sought the advice of[dl] her God.
3 Her princes[dm] are as fierce as roaring lions;[dn]
her rulers[do] are as hungry as wolves in the desert,[dp]
who completely devour their prey by morning.[dq]
4 Her prophets are proud;[dr]
they are deceitful men.
Her priests have defiled what is holy;[ds]
they have broken God’s laws.[dt]
5 The just Lord resides[du] within her;
he commits no unjust acts.[dv]
Every morning he reveals[dw] his justice.
At dawn he appears without fail.[dx]
Yet the unjust know no shame.
The Lord’s Judgment will Purify
6 “I destroyed[dy] nations;
their walled cities[dz] are in ruins.
I turned their streets into ruins;
no one passes through them.
Their cities are desolate;[ea]
no one lives there.[eb]
7 I thought,[ec] ‘Certainly you will respect[ed] me!
Now you will accept correction!’
If she had done so, her home[ee] would not be destroyed[ef]
by all the punishments I have threatened.[eg]
But they eagerly sinned
in everything they did.[eh]
8 Therefore you must wait patiently[ei] for me,” says the Lord,
“for the day when I attack and take plunder.[ej]
I have decided[ek] to gather nations together
and assemble kingdoms,
so I can pour out my fury on them—
all my raging anger.
For[el] the whole earth will be consumed
by my fiery anger.
9 Know for sure that I will then enable
the nations to give me acceptable praise.[em]
All of them will invoke the Lord’s name when they pray,[en]
and will worship him in unison.[eo]
10 From beyond the rivers of Ethiopia,[ep]
those who pray to me, my dispersed people,[eq]
will bring me tribute.
11 In that day you[er] will not be ashamed of all your rebelliousness against me,[es]
for then I will remove from your midst those who proudly boast,[et]
and you will never again be arrogant on my holy hill.
12 I will leave in your midst a humble and meek group of people,[eu]
and they will find safety in the Lord’s presence.[ev]
13 The Israelites who remain[ew] will not act deceitfully.
They will not lie,
and a deceitful tongue will not be found in their mouths.
Indeed, they will graze peacefully like sheep[ex] and lie down;
no one will terrify them.”
14 Shout for joy, Daughter Zion![ey]
Shout out, Israel!
Be happy and boast with all your heart, Daughter Jerusalem!
15 The Lord has removed the judgment against you;[ez]
he has turned back your enemy.
Israel’s king, the Lord, is in your midst!
You no longer need to fear disaster.
16 On that day they will say[fa] to Jerusalem,
“Don’t be afraid, Zion!
Your hands must not be paralyzed from panic![fb]
17 The Lord your God is in your midst;
he is a warrior who can deliver.
He takes great delight in you;[fc]
he renews you by his love;[fd]
he shouts for joy over you.”[fe]
18 “As for those who grieve because they cannot attend the festivals—
I took them away from you;
they became tribute and were a source of shame to you.[ff]
19 Look, at that time I will deal with those who mistreated you.
I will rescue the lame sheep[fg]
and gather together the scattered sheep.
I will take away their humiliation
and make the whole earth admire and respect them.[fh]
20 At that time I will lead you—
at the time I gather you together.[fi]
Be sure of this![fj] I will make all the nations of the earth respect and admire you[fk]
when you see me restore you,”[fl] says the Lord.
Introduction
1 On the first day of the sixth month[a] of King Darius’[b] second year, the Lord’s message came through[c] the prophet Haggai to Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and to the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak:[d]
The Accusation of Indifference Against the People
2 This is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies[e] has said: “These people have said, ‘The time for rebuilding the Lord’s temple has not yet come.’”[f] 3 The Lord’s message came through the prophet Haggai as follows:[g] 4 “Is it right for you to live in richly paneled houses[h] while my temple is in ruins?[i] 5 Here then, this is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said: ‘Think carefully about what you are doing.[j] 6 You have planted much, but have harvested little. You eat, but are never filled. You drink, but are still thirsty. You put on clothes, but are not warm. Those who earn wages end up with holes in their money bags.’”[k]
Consequences of the Failure to Rebuild the Temple
7 Moreover, this is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said: “Pay close attention to these things also.[l] 8 Go up to the hill country and bring back timber to build[m] the temple.[n] Then I will be pleased and honored,”[o] says the Lord. 9 “You expected a large harvest, but instead there was little.[p] And when you would bring it home, I would blow it right away.[q] Why?” asks the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. “Because my temple remains in ruins, thanks to each of you favoring his own house![r] 10 This is why the sky[s] has held back its dew and the earth its produce.[t] 11 Moreover, I have called for a drought that will affect the fields, the hill country, the grain, new wine, fresh olive oil, and everything that grows from the ground; it also will harm people, animals, and everything they produce.”[u]
The Response of the Leaders and the People
12 Then Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel and the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak,[v] along with the whole remnant of the people,[w] obeyed[x] the Lord their God. They responded favorably to the message of the prophet Haggai, who spoke just as the Lord their God had instructed him,[y] and the people began to respect the Lord.[z] 13 Then Haggai, the Lord’s messenger, spoke the Lord’s announcement to the people:[aa] “I am with you,” decrees the Lord. 14 So the Lord energized and encouraged[ab] Zerubbabel[ac] son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak,[ad] and the whole remnant of the people.[ae] They came and worked on the temple of their God, the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 15 This took place on the twenty-fourth day of the sixth month of King Darius’ second year.[af]
The Glory to Come
2 On the twenty-first day of the seventh month,[ag] the Lord’s message came through[ah] the prophet Haggai again: 2 “Ask the following questions to[ai] Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, the high priest Joshua son of Jehozadak,[aj] and the remnant of the people: 3 ‘Who among you survivors saw the former splendor of this temple?[ak] How does it look to you now? Isn’t it nothing by comparison?’ 4 Even so, take heart, Zerubbabel,” decrees the Lord. “Take heart, Joshua son of Jehozadak, the high priest. And take heart all you citizens of the land,”[al] decrees the Lord, “and begin to work. For I am with you,” decrees the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 5 “Do not fear, because I made a promise to your ancestors when they left Egypt, and my Spirit[am] even now testifies to you.”[an] 6 Moreover, this is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said: “In just a little while[ao] I will once again shake the sky[ap] and the earth, the sea and the dry ground. 7 I will also shake up all the nations, and they[aq] will offer their treasures;[ar] then I will fill this temple with glory.” So the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said. 8 “The silver and gold will be mine,” decrees the Lord of Heaven’s Armies. 9 “The future splendor of this temple will be greater than that of former times,”[as] the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has declared. “And in this place I will give peace,” decrees the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.[at]
The Promised Blessing
10 On the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month of Darius’ second year,[au] the Lord’s message came to the prophet Haggai:[av] 11 “This is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies has said, ‘Ask the priests about the law.[aw] 12 If someone carries holy meat in a fold of his garment and that fold touches bread, a boiled dish, wine, olive oil, or any other food, will that item become holy?’”[ax] The priests answered, “It will not.” 13 Then Haggai asked, “If a person who is ritually unclean because of touching a dead body[ay] comes in contact with one of these items, will it become unclean?” The priests answered, “It will be unclean.”
14 Then Haggai responded, “‘The people of this nation are unclean in my sight,’[az] decrees the Lord. ‘And so is all their effort; everything they offer is also unclean.[ba] 15 Now therefore reflect carefully on the recent past,[bb] before one stone was laid on another in the Lord’s temple.[bc] 16 From that time[bd] when one came expecting a heap of twenty measures, there were only ten; when one came to the wine vat to draw out fifty measures from it, there were only twenty. 17 I struck all the products of your labor[be] with blight, disease, and hail, and yet you brought nothing to me,’[bf] says the Lord. 18 ‘Think carefully[bg] about the past: from today, the twenty-fourth day of the ninth month,[bh] to the day work on the temple of the Lord was resumed,[bi] think about it.[bj] 19 The seed is still in the storehouse, isn’t it? And the vine, fig tree, pomegranate, and olive tree have not produced. Nevertheless, from today on I will bless you.’”
Zerubbabel the Chosen One
20 Then the Lord spoke to Haggai[bk] a second time on the twenty-fourth day of the month:[bl] 21 “Tell Zerubbabel governor of Judah: ‘I am ready[bm] to shake the sky[bn] and the earth. 22 I will overthrow royal thrones and shatter the might of earthly kingdoms.[bo] I will overthrow chariots and those who ride them, and horses and their riders will fall as people kill one another.[bp] 23 On that day,’[bq] says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, ‘I will take you, Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel, my servant,’[br] says the Lord, ‘and I will make you like a signet ring,[bs] for I have chosen you,’ says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies.”[bt]
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