Romans 8:28-34
Mounce Reverse Interlinear New Testament
28 And de we know oida that hoti all things pas work together synergeō for eis good agathos for those ho who love agapaō · ho God theos, for those ho who are eimi called klētos according kata to his purpose prothesis, 29 because hoti those hos he foreknew proginōskō he also kai predestined proorizō to become conformed symmorphos to the ho image eikōn of ho his autos Son hyios, that eis he autos might be eimi the firstborn prōtotokos among en many polys brethren adelphos. 30 And de those hos he predestined proorizō, these houtos he also kai called kaleō; and kai those hos he called kaleō, these houtos he also kai justified dikaioō; and de those hos he justified dikaioō, these houtos he also kai glorified doxazō.
31 What tis then oun shall we say legō in response to pros these houtos things ? If ei · ho God theos is for hyper us hēmeis, who tis can be against kata us hēmeis? 32 He pheidomai who hos did pheidomai not ou spare pheidomai · ho his idios own Son hyios, but alla delivered paradidōmi him autos up paradidōmi for hyper us hēmeis all pas, how pōs will he charizomai not ouchi also kai, along with syn him autos, graciously give charizomai us hēmeis · ho all pas things ? 33 Who tis will bring a charge enkaleō against kata God’ s theos elect eklektos? It is God theos who ho justifies dikaioō. 34 Who tis is it that ho condemns katakrinō? Christ Christos Jesus Iēsous is the ho one who died apothnēskō— and de more mallon than that, he was raised egeirō— who hos · kai is eimi at en the right dexios hand of ho God theos, who hos also kai is interceding entynchanō for hyper us hēmeis.
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Romans 8:28-34
New English Translation
28 And we know that all things work together[a] for good for those who love God, who are called according to his purpose, 29 because those whom he foreknew he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his Son, that his Son[b] would be the firstborn among many brothers and sisters.[c] 30 And those he predestined, he also called; and those he called, he also justified; and those he justified, he also glorified.
31 What then shall we say about these things? If God is for us, who can be against us? 32 Indeed, he who[d] did not spare his own Son, but gave him up for us all—how will he not also, along with him, freely give us all things? 33 Who will bring any charge against God’s elect?[e] It is God who justifies. 34 Who is the one who will condemn? Christ[f] is the one who died (and more than that, he was raised), who is at the right hand of God, and who also is interceding for us.
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- Romans 8:28 tc ὁ θεός (ho theos, “God”) is found after the verb συνεργεῖ (sunergei, “work”) in v. 28 in P46 A B 81 sa; the shorter reading is found in א C D F G Ψ 33 1175 1241 1505 1739 1881 2464 M latt sy bo. Although the inclusion is supported by a significant early papyrus, the alliance of significant Alexandrian and Western witnesses favors the shorter reading. As well, the longer reading is evidently motivated by a need for clarification. Since ὁ θεός is textually suspect, it is better to read the text without it. This leaves two good translational options: either “he works all things together for good” or “all things work together for good.” In the first instance the subject is embedded in the verb and “God” is clearly implied (as in v. 29). In the second instance, πάντα (panta) becomes the subject of an intransitive verb. In either case, “What is expressed is a truly biblical confidence in the sovereignty of God” (C. E. B. Cranfield, Romans [ICC], 1:427).
- Romans 8:29 tn Grk “he”; the referent (God’s Son) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- Romans 8:29 tn Grk “brothers.” See note on the phrase “brothers and sisters” in 1:13.
- Romans 8:32 tn Grk “[he] who.” The relative clause continues the question of v. 31 in a way that is awkward in English. The force of v. 32 is thus: “who indeed did not spare his own Son, but gave him up for us all—How will he not also with him give us all things?”
- Romans 8:33 sn An allusion to Isa 50:8 where the reference is singular; Paul applies this to all believers (“God’s elect” is plural here).
- Romans 8:34 tc ‡ A number of significant and early witnesses, along with several others (P46vid א A C F G L Ψ 6 33 81 104 365 1505 al lat bo), read ᾿Ιησοῦς (Iēsous, “Jesus”) after Χριστός (Christos, “Christ”) in v. 34. But the shorter reading is not unrepresented (B D 0289 1175 1241 1739 1881 M sa). Once ᾿Ιησοῦς got into the text, what scribe would omit it? Although the external evidence is on the side of the longer reading, internally such an expansion seems suspect. The shorter reading is thus preferred. NA28 has the word in brackets, indicating doubt as to its authenticity.tn Grk “who also.”
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