Footnotes

1. Judges 3:7 tn Heb “in the eyes of the Lord.”
2. Judges 3:7 sn The Asherahs were local manifestations of the Canaanite goddess Asherah.
3. Judges 3:8 tn Or “The Lord’s anger burned (or raged) against Israel.”
4. Judges 3:8 tn Heb “sold them into the hands of.”
5. Judges 3:8 tn Or “Cushan the Doubly Wicked.”
6. Judges 3:8 tc Armon Haraim. Traditionally Aram-Naharaim, and sometimes understood as a place in Mesopotamia. This reading accepts the consonantal text but divides the words after the nun (נ) instead of before. The consonants ארמן הרים could be read with a dual ending as ʾArmon Haraim, meaning “Citadel of the Two Mountains,” or with a plural ending as ʾArmon Harim, meaning “Citadel of the Mountains.” In either case, Cushan Rishathaim is probably a remaining Canaanite king with a fortress in the hill country of Israel. See Beitzel, The Moody Atlas of Bible Lands, 106.
7. Judges 3:8 tn Or “they served Cushan Rishathaim.”
8. Judges 3:9 tn Heb “the Lord.”
9. Judges 3:9 tn Or “delivered.”
10. Judges 3:9 tn “Caleb’s younger brother” may refer to Othniel or to Kenaz (in which case Othniel is Caleb’s nephew).
11. Judges 3:10 tn Heb “was on him.”
12. Judges 3:10 tc Armon. Traditionally Aram. See note at Judges 3:8. This is either Armon, with restored nun (נ), being short for Armon Haraim, or perhaps the entire phrase was original.
13. Judges 3:10 tn Heb “his hand was strong against Cushan Rishathaim.”