Job 40:15-24
New English Translation
The Description of Behemoth[a]
15 “Look now at Behemoth,[b] which I made as[c] I made you;
it eats grass like the ox.
16 Look[d] at its strength in its loins,
and its power in the muscles of its belly.
17 It makes its tail stiff[e] like a cedar,
the sinews of its thighs are tightly wound.
18 Its bones are tubes of bronze,
its limbs like bars of iron.
19 It ranks first among the works of God,[f]
the One who made it
has furnished it with a sword.[g]
20 For the hills bring it food,[h]
where all the wild animals play.
21 Under the lotus trees it lies,
in the secrecy of the reeds and the marsh.
22 The lotus trees conceal it in their[i] shadow;
the poplars by the stream conceal it.
23 If the river rages,[j] it is not disturbed,
it is secure,[k] though the Jordan
should surge up to its mouth.
24 Can anyone catch it by its eyes,[l]
or pierce its nose with a snare?[m]
Footnotes
- Job 40:15 sn The next ten verses are devoted to a portrayal of Behemoth (the name means “beast” in Hebrew). It does not fit any of the present material very well, and so many think the section is a later addition. Its style is more like that of a textbook. Moreover, if the animal is a real animal (the usual suggestion is the hippopotamus), then the location of such an animal is Egypt and not Palestine. Some have identified these creatures Behemoth and Leviathan as mythological creatures (Gunkel, Pope). Others point out that these creatures could have been dinosaurs (P. J. Maarten, NIDOTTE, 2:780; H. M. Morris, The Remarkable Record of Job, 115-22). Most would say they are real animals, but probably mythologized by the pagans. So the pagan reader would receive an additional impact from this point about God’s sovereignty over all nature.
- Job 40:15 sn By form the word is the feminine plural of the Hebrew word for “beast.” Here it is an abstract word—a title.
- Job 40:15 tn Heb “with you.” The meaning could be temporal (“when I made you”)—perhaps a reference to the sixth day of creation (Gen 1:24).
- Job 40:16 tn In both of these verses הִנֶּה (hinneh, “behold”) has the deictic force (the word is from Greek δείκνυμι, deiknumi, “to show”). It calls attention to something by pointing it out. The expression goes with the sudden look, the raised eye, the pointing hand—“O look!”
- Job 40:17 tn The verb חָפַץ (khafats) occurs only here. It may have the meaning “to make stiff; to make taut” (Arabic). The LXX and the Syriac versions support this with “erects.” But there is another Arabic word that could be cognate, meaning “arch, bend.” This would give the idea of the tail swaying. The other reading seems to make better sense here. However, “stiff” presents a serious problem with the view that the animal is the hippopotamus.
- Job 40:19 tn Heb “the ways of God.”sn This may be a reference to Gen 1:24, where the first of the animal creation was the cattle—behemah (בְּהֵמָה).
- Job 40:19 tc The literal reading of the MT is “let the one who made him draw near [with] his sword.” The sword is apparently a reference to the teeth or tusks of the animal, which cut vegetation like a sword. But the idea of a weapon is easier to see, and so the people who favor the mythological background see here a reference to God’s slaying the Beast. There are again many suggestions on how to read the line. The RV probably has the safest: “He that made him has furnished him with his sword” (the sword being a reference to the sharp tusks with which he can attack).
- Job 40:20 tn The word בּוּל (bul) probably refers to food. Many take it as an abbreviated form of יְבוּל (yevul, “produce of the field”). The vegetation that is produced on the low hills is what is meant.
- Job 40:22 tn The suffix is singular, but must refer to the trees’ shade.
- Job 40:23 tn The word ordinarily means “to oppress.” So many commentators have proposed suitable changes: “overflows” (Beer), “gushes” (Duhm), “swells violently” (Dhorme, from a word that means “be strong”).
- Job 40:23 tn Or “he remains calm.”
- Job 40:24 tn The idea would be either (1) catch it while it is watching, or (2) in some way disabling its eyes before the attack. But others change the reading; Ball suggested “with hooks” and this has been adopted by some modern English versions (e.g., NRSV).
- Job 40:24 tn Ehrlich altered the MT slightly to get “with thorns,” a view accepted by Driver, Dhorme and Pope.
Job 40:15-24
International Standard Version
On Behemoth
15 “Please observe[a] Behemoth,[b] which I made along with you.
He eats grass like an ox.
16 Now take a look at the strength that he has in his loins,
and in the muscles of his abdomen.
17 His tail protrudes stiffly, like cedar;[c]
the sinews of his thigh interlink for strength.
18 His bones are conduits[d] of bronze;[e]
his strong bones are like bars of iron.
19 He is the grandest[f] of God’s undertakings,[g]
yet his creator is approaching him with his sword.[h]
20 Mountains produce food for him,
where all the wild animals frolic.
21 He lies under the lotus trees,
hiding under reeds and marshes.[i]
22 The lotus trees cover him with their shade,
and willows that line the wadis[j] surround him.
23 What you see as a raging river doesn’t alarm him;
he is confident when the Jordan overflows.
24 Are your eyes looking to capture him,
or to pierce his snout with a bridle?”
Footnotes
- Job 40:15 Lit. look
- Job 40:15 I.e. an ancient, gigantic herbivore, living in Job’s time but now apparently extinct
- Job 40:17 I.e. a genus of coniferous evergreen in the family Pinaceae
- Job 40:18 Or channels
- Job 40:18 Or copper
- Job 40:19 Or first
- Job 40:19 Lit. ways
- Job 40:19 I.e. God was about to make Behemoth extinct
- Job 40:21 Lit. reed and marsh
- Job 40:22 I.e. seasonal streams that channel water during rain seasons but are dry at other times
NET Bible® copyright ©1996-2017 by Biblical Studies Press, L.L.C. http://netbible.com All rights reserved.
Copyright © 1995-2014 by ISV Foundation. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED INTERNATIONALLY. Used by permission of Davidson Press, LLC.
