Genesis 31:43-55
New English Translation
43 Laban replied[a] to Jacob, “These women[b] are my daughters, these children are my grandchildren,[c] and these flocks are my flocks. All that you see belongs to me. But how can I harm these daughters of mine today[d] or the children to whom they have given birth? 44 So now, come, let’s make a formal agreement,[e] you and I, and it will be[f] proof that we have made peace.”[g]
45 So Jacob took a stone and set it up as a memorial pillar. 46 Then he[h] said to his relatives, “Gather stones.” So they brought stones and put them in a pile.[i] They ate there by the pile of stones. 47 Laban called it Jegar Sahadutha,[j] but Jacob called it Galeed.[k]
48 Laban said, “This pile of stones is a witness of our agreement[l] today.” That is why it was called Galeed. 49 It was also called Mizpah[m] because he said, “May the Lord watch[n] between us[o] when we are out of sight of one another.[p] 50 If you mistreat my daughters or if you take wives besides my daughters, although no one else is with us, realize[q] that God is witness to your actions.”[r]
51 “Here is this pile of stones and this pillar I have set up between me and you,” Laban said to Jacob.[s] 52 “This pile of stones and the pillar are reminders that I will not pass beyond this pile to come to harm you and that you will not pass beyond this pile and this pillar to come to harm me.[t] 53 May the God of Abraham and the god of Nahor,[u] the gods of their father, judge between us.” Jacob took an oath by the God whom his father Isaac feared.[v] 54 Then Jacob offered a sacrifice[w] on the mountain and invited his relatives to eat the meal.[x] They ate the meal and spent the night on the mountain.
55 (32:1)[y] Early in the morning Laban kissed[z] his grandchildren[aa] and his daughters goodbye and blessed them. Then Laban left and returned home.[ab]
Read full chapterFootnotes
- Genesis 31:43 tn Heb “answered and said.”
- Genesis 31:43 tn Heb “daughters.”
- Genesis 31:43 tn Heb “children.”
- Genesis 31:43 tn Heb “but to my daughters what can I do to these today?”
- Genesis 31:44 tn Heb “cut a covenant.”
- Genesis 31:44 tn The verb הָיָה (hayah) followed by the preposition ל (lamed) means “become.”
- Genesis 31:44 tn Heb “and it will become a witness between me and you.”
- Genesis 31:46 tn Heb “Jacob”; the proper name has been replaced by the pronoun (“he”) in the translation for stylistic reasons.
- Genesis 31:46 sn The Hebrew word for “pile” is גַּל (gal), which sounds like the name “Galeed” (גַּלְעֵד, galʿed). See v. 48.
- Genesis 31:47 sn Jegar Sahadutha. Laban the Aramean gave the place an Aramaic name which means “witness pile” or “the pile is a witness.”
- Genesis 31:47 sn Galeed also means “witness pile” or “the pile is a witness,” but this name is Canaanite or Western Semitic and closer to later Hebrew. Jacob, though certainly capable of speaking Aramaic, here prefers to use the western dialect.
- Genesis 31:48 tn Heb “a witness between me and you.”
- Genesis 31:49 tn Heb “and Mizpah.”
- Genesis 31:49 sn The name Mizpah (מִצְפָּה, mitspah), which means “watchpost,” sounds like the verb translated “may he watch” (יִצֶף, yitsef). Neither Laban nor Jacob felt safe with each other, and so they agreed to go their separate ways, trusting the Lord to keep watch at the border. Jacob did not need this treaty, but Laban, perhaps because he had lost his household gods, felt he did.
- Genesis 31:49 tn Heb “between me and you.”
- Genesis 31:49 tn Heb “for we will be hidden, each man from his neighbor.”
- Genesis 31:50 tn Heb “see.”
- Genesis 31:50 tn Heb “between me and you.”
- Genesis 31:51 tn Heb “and Laban said to Jacob, ‘Behold this heap and behold the pillar which I have set between me and you.’” The order of the introductory clause and the direct discourse has been rearranged in the translation for stylistic reasons.
- Genesis 31:52 tn Heb “This pile is a witness, and the pillar is a witness: surely I will not pass by this pile to you, and surely you will not pass by this pile and this pillar to me, for harm.”
- Genesis 31:53 tn The God of Abraham and the god of Nahor. The Hebrew verb translated “judge” is plural, suggesting that Laban has more than one “god” in mind. Smr and the LXX, apparently in an effort to make the statement monotheistic, have a singular verb. In this case one could translate, “May the God of Abraham and the God of Nahor, the God of their father, judge between us.” However, Laban had a polytheistic world view, as evidenced by his possession of household idols (cf. 31:19). The translation uses “God” when referring to Abraham’s God, for Genesis makes it clear that Abraham worshiped the one true God. It employs “god” when referring to Nahor’s god, for in the Hebrew text Laban refers to a different god here, probably one of the local deities.
- Genesis 31:53 tn Heb “by the fear of his father Isaac.” See the note on the word “fears” in v. 42.
- Genesis 31:54 tn The construction is a cognate accusative with the verb, expressing a specific sacrifice.
- Genesis 31:54 tn Heb “bread, food.” Presumably this was a type of peace offering, where the person bringing the offering ate the animal being sacrificed.
- Genesis 31:55 sn Beginning with 31:55, the verse numbers in the English Bible through 32:32 differ by one from the verse numbers in the Hebrew text (BHS), with 31:55 ET = 32:1 HT, 32:1 ET = 32:2 HT, etc., through 32:32 ET = 32:33 HT. From 33:1 the verse numbers in the ET and HT are again the same.
- Genesis 31:55 tn Heb “and Laban got up early in the morning and he kissed.”
- Genesis 31:55 tn Heb “his sons.”
- Genesis 31:55 tn Heb “to his place.”
Genesis 31:43-55
American Standard Version
43 And Laban answered and said unto Jacob, The daughters are my daughters, and the children are my children, and the flocks are my flocks, and all that thou seest is mine: and what can I do this day unto these my daughters, or unto their children whom they have borne? 44 And now come, let us make a covenant, I and thou; and let it be for a witness between me and thee. 45 And Jacob took a stone, and set it up for a pillar. 46 And Jacob said unto his brethren, Gather stones; and they took stones, and made a heap: and they did eat there by the heap. 47 And Laban called it [a]Jegar-saha-dutha: but Jacob called it [b]Galeed. 48 And Laban said, This heap is witness between me and thee this day. Therefore was the name of it called Galeed: 49 and [c]Mizpah, for he said, Jehovah watch between me and thee, when we are [d]absent one from another. 50 If thou shalt afflict my daughters, and if thou shalt take wives besides my daughters, no man is with us; see, God is witness betwixt me and thee. 51 And Laban said to Jacob, Behold this heap, and behold the pillar, which I have set betwixt me and thee. 52 This heap be witness, and the pillar be witness, that I will not pass over this heap to thee, and that thou shalt not pass over this heap and this pillar unto me, for harm. 53 The God of Abraham, and the God of Nahor, the [e]God of their father, judge betwixt us. And Jacob sware by the Fear of his father Isaac. 54 And Jacob offered a sacrifice in the mountain, and called his brethren to eat bread: and they did eat bread, and tarried all night in the mountain. 55 And early in the morning Laban rose up, and kissed his sons and his daughters, and blessed them: and Laban departed, and returned unto his place.
Read full chapterFootnotes
- Genesis 31:47 That is, The heap of witness, in Aramaic.
- Genesis 31:47 That is, The heap of witness, in Hebrew.
- Genesis 31:49 That is, The watch tower.
- Genesis 31:49 Hebrew hidden.
- Genesis 31:53 Or, gods
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