All Is Vanity

The words of (A)the Preacher,[a] the son of David, (B)king in Jerusalem.

(C)Vanity[b] of vanities, says (D)the Preacher,
    (E)vanity of vanities! (F)All is vanity.
(G)What (H)does man gain by all the toil
    at which he toils under the sun?

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Footnotes

  1. Ecclesiastes 1:1 Or Convener, or Collector; Hebrew Qoheleth (so throughout Ecclesiastes)
  2. Ecclesiastes 1:2 The Hebrew term hebel, translated vanity or vain, refers concretely to a “mist,” “vapor,” or “mere breath,” and metaphorically to something that is fleeting or elusive (with different nuances depending on the context). It appears five times in this verse and in 29 other verses in Ecclesiastes

The Theme

The words of the Teacher,[a] the son of David, king in Jerusalem.

“Utterly pointless,”[b]
        says the Teacher.
“Absolutely pointless;
    everything is pointless.”
What does a man gain
    from all of the work that he undertakes on earth?[c]

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Footnotes

  1. Ecclesiastes 1:1 Or Speaker, Or Philosopher, and so throughout the book
  2. Ecclesiastes 1:2 Or Utter vanity; and so throughout the book
  3. Ecclesiastes 1:3 Lit. under the sun; i.e. from an earthly perspective; and so throughout the book