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Deuteronomy 28:15-68
New English Translation

Curses as Reversal of Blessings

15 “But if you ignore[a] the Lord your God and are not careful to keep all his commandments and statutes I am giving you today, then all these curses will come upon you in full force:[b] 16 You will be cursed in the city and cursed in the field. 17 Your basket and your mixing bowl will be cursed. 18 Your children[c] will be cursed, as well as the produce of your soil, the calves of your herds, and the lambs of your flocks. 19 You will be cursed when you come in and cursed when you go out.[d]

Curses by Disease and Drought

20 “The Lord will send on you a curse, confusing you and opposing you[e] in everything you undertake[f] until you are destroyed and quickly perish because of the evil of your deeds, in that you have forsaken me.[g] 21 The Lord will plague you with deadly diseases[h] until he has completely removed you from the land you are about to possess. 22 He[i] will afflict you with weakness,[j] fever, inflammation, infection,[k] sword,[l] blight, and mildew; these will attack you until you perish. 23 The[m] sky[n] above your heads will be bronze and the earth beneath you iron. 24 The Lord will make the rain of your land powder and dust; it will come down on you from the sky until you are destroyed.

Curses by Defeat and Deportation

25 “The Lord will allow you to be struck down before your enemies; you will attack them from one direction but flee from them in seven directions and will become an object of terror[o] to all the kingdoms of the earth. 26 Your carcasses will be food for every bird of the sky and wild animal of the earth, and there will be no one to chase them off. 27 The Lord will afflict you with the boils of Egypt and with tumors, eczema, and scabies, all of which cannot be healed. 28 The Lord will also subject you to madness, blindness, and confusion of mind.[p] 29 You will feel your way along at noon like the blind person does in darkness and you will not succeed in anything you do;[q] you will be constantly oppressed and continually robbed, with no one to save you. 30 You will be engaged to a woman, and another man will rape[r] her. You will build a house but not live in it. You will plant a vineyard but not even begin to use it. 31 Your ox will be slaughtered before your very eyes, but you will not eat of it. Your donkey will be stolen from you as you watch and will not be returned to you. Your flock of sheep will be given to your enemies, and there will be no one to save you. 32 Your sons and daughters will be given to another people while you look on in vain all day, and you will be powerless to do anything about it.[s] 33 As for the produce of your land and all your labor, a people you do not know will consume it, and you will be nothing but oppressed and crushed for the rest of your lives. 34 You will go insane from seeing all this. 35 The Lord will afflict you in your knees and on your legs with painful, incurable boils—from the soles of your feet to the top of your head. 36 The Lord will force you and your king[t] whom you will appoint over you to go away to a people whom you and your ancestors have not known, and you will serve other gods of wood and stone there. 37 You will become an occasion of horror, a proverb, and an object of ridicule to all the peoples to whom the Lord will drive you.

The Curse of Reversed Status

38 “You will take much seed to the field but gather little harvest, because locusts will consume it. 39 You will plant vineyards and cultivate them, but you will not drink wine or gather in grapes, because worms will eat them. 40 You will have olive trees throughout your territory, but you will not anoint yourself with olive oil, because the olives will drop off the trees while still unripe.[u] 41 You will bear sons and daughters but not keep them, because they will be taken into captivity. 42 Whirring locusts[v] will take over every tree and all the produce of your soil. 43 The resident foreigners[w] who reside among you will become higher and higher over you, and you will become lower and lower. 44 They will lend to you, but you will not lend to them; they will become the head, and you will become the tail!

45 “All these curses will fall on you, pursuing and overtaking you until you are destroyed, because you would not obey the Lord your God by keeping his commandments and statutes that he has given[x] you. 46 These curses[y] will be a perpetual sign and wonder with reference to you and your descendants.[z]

The Curse of Military Siege

47 “Because you have not served the Lord your God joyfully and wholeheartedly with the abundance of everything you have, 48 instead in hunger, thirst, nakedness, and poverty[aa] you will serve your enemies whom the Lord will send against you. They[ab] will place an iron yoke on your neck until they have destroyed you. 49 The Lord will raise up a distant nation against you, one from the other side of the earth[ac] as the eagle flies,[ad] a nation whose language you will not understand, 50 a nation of stern appearance that will have no regard for the elderly or pity for the young. 51 They[ae] will devour the offspring of your livestock and the produce of your soil until you are destroyed. They will not leave you with any grain, new wine, olive oil, calves of your herds,[af] or lambs of your flocks[ag] until they have destroyed you. 52 They will besiege all of your villages[ah] until all of your high and fortified walls collapse—those in which you put your confidence throughout the land. They will besiege all your villages throughout the land the Lord your God has given you. 53 You will then eat your own offspring,[ai] the flesh of the sons and daughters the Lord your God has given you, because of the severity of the siege[aj] by which your enemies will constrict you. 54 The man among you who is by nature tender and sensitive will turn against his brother, his beloved wife, and his remaining children. 55 He will withhold from all of them his children’s flesh that he is eating (since there is nothing else left), because of the severity of the siege by which your enemy will constrict[ak] you in your villages. 56 Likewise, the most[al] tender and delicate of your women, who would never think of putting even the sole of her foot on the ground because of her daintiness,[am] will turn against her beloved husband, her sons and daughters, 57 and will secretly eat her afterbirth[an] and her newborn children[ao] (since she has nothing else),[ap] because of the severity of the siege by which your enemy will constrict you in your villages.

The Curse of Covenant Termination

58 “If you refuse to obey[aq] all the words of this law, the things written in this scroll, and refuse to fear this glorious and awesome name, the Lord your God, 59 then the Lord will increase your punishments and those of your descendants—great and long-lasting afflictions and severe, enduring illnesses. 60 He will infect you with all the diseases of Egypt[ar] that you dreaded, and they will persistently afflict you.[as] 61 Moreover, the Lord will bring upon you every kind of sickness and plague not mentioned in this scroll of commandments,[at] until you have perished. 62 There will be very few of you left, though at one time you were as numerous as the stars in the sky,[au] because you will have disobeyed[av] the Lord your God. 63 This is what will happen: Just as the Lord delighted to do good for you and make you numerous, so he[aw] will also take delight in destroying and decimating you. You will be uprooted from the land you are about to possess. 64 The Lord will scatter you among all nations, from one end of the earth to the other. There you will worship other gods that neither you nor your ancestors have known, gods of wood and stone. 65 Among those nations you will have no rest, nor will there be a place of peaceful rest for the soles of your feet, for there the Lord will give you an anxious heart, failing eyesight, and a spirit of despair. 66 Your life will hang in doubt before you; you will be terrified by night and day and will have no certainty of surviving from one day to the next.[ax] 67 In the morning you will say, ‘If only it were evening!’ And in the evening you will say, ‘I wish it were morning!’ because of the things you will fear and the things you will see. 68 Then the Lord will make you return to Egypt by ship, over a route I said to you that you would never see again. There you will sell yourselves to your enemies as male and female slaves, but no one will buy you.”

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Notas al pie

  1. Deuteronomy 28:15 tn Heb “do not hear the voice of.”
  2. Deuteronomy 28:15 tn Heb “and overtake you” (so NIV, NRSV); NAB, NLT “and overwhelm you.”
  3. Deuteronomy 28:18 tn Heb “the fruit of your womb” (so NAB, NIV, NRSV).
  4. Deuteronomy 28:19 sn See note on the similar expression in v. 6.
  5. Deuteronomy 28:20 tn Heb “the curse, the confusion, and the rebuke” (NASB and NIV similar); NRSV “disaster, panic, and frustration.”
  6. Deuteronomy 28:20 tn Heb “in all the stretching out of your hand.”
  7. Deuteronomy 28:20 tc For the MT first person common singular suffix (“me”), the LXX reads either “Lord” (Lucian) or third person masculine singular suffix (“him”; various codices). The MT’s more difficult reading probably represents the original text.tn Heb “the evil of your doings wherein you have forsaken me”; CEV “all because you rejected the Lord.”
  8. Deuteronomy 28:21 tn Heb “will cause pestilence to cling to you.”
  9. Deuteronomy 28:22 tn Heb “The Lord.” See note on “he” in 28:8.
  10. Deuteronomy 28:22 tn Or perhaps “consumption” (so KJV, NASB, NRSV). The term is from a verbal root that indicates a weakening of one’s physical strength (cf. NAB “wasting”; NIV, NLT “wasting disease”).
  11. Deuteronomy 28:22 tn Heb “hot fever”; NIV “scorching heat.”
  12. Deuteronomy 28:22 tn Or “drought” (so NIV, NRSV, NLT).
  13. Deuteronomy 28:23 tc The MT reads “Your.” The LXX reads “Heaven will be to you.”
  14. Deuteronomy 28:23 tn Or “heavens” (also in the following verse). The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heaven(s)” or “sky” depending on the context.
  15. Deuteronomy 28:25 tc The meaningless MT reading זַעֲוָה (zaʿavah) is clearly a transposition of the more commonly attested Hebrew noun זְוָעָה (zevaʿah, “terror”).
  16. Deuteronomy 28:28 tn Heb “heart” (so KJV, NASB).
  17. Deuteronomy 28:29 tn Heb “you will not cause your ways to prosper.”
  18. Deuteronomy 28:30 tc For MT reading שָׁגַל (shagal, “ravish; violate”), the Syriac, Targum, and Vulgate presume the less violent שָׁכַב (shakhav, “lie with”). The unexpected counterpart to betrothal here favors the originality of the MT.
  19. Deuteronomy 28:32 tn Heb “and there will be no power in your hand”; NCV “there will be nothing you can do.”
  20. Deuteronomy 28:36 tc The LXX reads the plural “kings.”
  21. Deuteronomy 28:40 tn Heb “your olives will drop off” (נָשַׁל, nashal), referring to the olives dropping off before they ripen. Elsewhere זַיִת (zayit, “olive”) can refer to an olive, the tree branch, the tree, or the grove. Agriculturally it might make the most sense to mean the olive flower (cf. Job 15:33). Whether the flowers drop off without being fertilized, or the olives drop off while unripe, the harvest is lost.
  22. Deuteronomy 28:42 tn The Hebrew term denotes some sort of buzzing or whirring insect; some have understood this to be a type of locust (KJV, NIV, CEV), but other insects have also been suggested: “buzzing insects” (NAB); “the cricket” (NASB); “the cicada” (NRSV).
  23. Deuteronomy 28:43 tn Heb “the foreigner.” This is a collective singular and has therefore been translated as plural; this includes the pronouns in the following verse, which are also singular in the Hebrew text.
  24. Deuteronomy 28:45 tn Heb “commanded”; NAB, NIV, TEV “he gave you.”
  25. Deuteronomy 28:46 tn Heb “they”; the referent (the curses mentioned previously) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  26. Deuteronomy 28:46 tn Heb “seed” (so KJV, ASV).
  27. Deuteronomy 28:48 tn Heb “lack of everything.”
  28. Deuteronomy 28:48 tn Heb “he” (also later in this verse). The pronoun is a collective singular referring to the enemies (cf. CEV, NLT). Many translations understand the singular pronoun to refer to the Lord (cf. NAB, NASB, NIV, NCV, NRSV, TEV).
  29. Deuteronomy 28:49 tn Heb “from the end of the earth.”
  30. Deuteronomy 28:49 tn Some translations understand this to mean “like an eagle swoops down” (e.g., NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT), comparing the swift attack of an eagle to the attack of the Israelites’ enemies.
  31. Deuteronomy 28:51 tn Heb “it” (so NRSV), a collective singular referring to the invading nation (several times in this verse and v. 52).
  32. Deuteronomy 28:51 tn Heb “increase of herds.”
  33. Deuteronomy 28:51 tn Heb “growth of flocks.”
  34. Deuteronomy 28:52 tn Heb “gates,” also in vv. 55, 57.
  35. Deuteronomy 28:53 tn Heb “the fruit of your womb” (so NAB, NRSV); NASB “the offspring of your own body.”
  36. Deuteronomy 28:53 tn Heb “siege and stress.”
  37. Deuteronomy 28:55 tn Heb “besiege,” redundant with the noun “siege.”
  38. Deuteronomy 28:56 tc The LXX adds σφόδρα (sphodra, “very”) to bring the description into line with v. 54.
  39. Deuteronomy 28:56 tn Heb “delicateness and tenderness.”
  40. Deuteronomy 28:57 tn Heb includes “that which comes out from between her feet.”
  41. Deuteronomy 28:57 tn Heb “her sons that she will bear.”
  42. Deuteronomy 28:57 tn Heb includes “in her need for everything.”
  43. Deuteronomy 28:58 tn Heb “If you are not careful to do.”
  44. Deuteronomy 28:60 sn These are the plagues the Lord inflicted on the Egyptians prior to the exodus which, though they did not fall upon the Israelites, must have caused great terror (cf. Exod 15:26).
  45. Deuteronomy 28:60 tn Heb “will cling to you” (so NIV); NLT “will claim you.”
  46. Deuteronomy 28:61 tn The Hebrew term תּוֹרָה (torah) can refer either (1) to the whole Pentateuch or, more likely, (2) to the book of Deuteronomy or even (3) only to this curse section of the covenant text. “Scroll” better reflects the actual document, since “book” conveys the notion of a bound book with pages to the modern English reader. Cf. KJV, NASB, NRSV “the book of this law”; NIV, NLT “this Book of the Law”; TEV “this book of God’s laws and teachings.”
  47. Deuteronomy 28:62 tn Or “heavens.” The Hebrew term שָׁמַיִם (shamayim) may be translated “heaven(s)” or “sky” depending on the context.
  48. Deuteronomy 28:62 tn Heb “have not listened to the voice of.”
  49. Deuteronomy 28:63 tn Heb “the Lord.” See note on “he” in 28:8.
  50. Deuteronomy 28:66 tn Heb “you will not be confident in your life.” The phrase “from one day to the next” is implied by the following verse.
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Deuteronomy 28:15-68
International Standard Version

Reversal of Blessings

15 “But if you don’t obey the Lord your God and faithfully carry out all his commands and statutes that I’m giving you today, then all these curses will come upon you and overwhelm you:

16 “Cursed will you be in the city and cursed will you be in the country.

17 “Cursed will be your grain[a] basket and your kneading bowl.

18 “Cursed will your children[b] be, as well as the produce of your land, the offspring of your beasts and cattle, and the offspring of your flock.

19 “Cursed will you be in your comings and goings.”

Diseases and Drought

20 “The Lord will send the curse among you, will confuse you, and will rebuke you in everything you undertake until you are destroyed and perish quickly because of your evil deeds, since you will have forsaken him.[c] 21 The Lord will cause you to be ill with long-lasting diseases until you are wiped out from the land that you are entering to possess. 22 The Lord will afflict you with tuberculosis, fever, inflammation, high fever, drought, blight, and mildew. These will attack you until you are completely destroyed. 23 The sky above your head will become bronze while the ground beneath you will become iron. 24 The Lord will change the rain on your land to powder and dust. It will come down from the sky until you are exterminated.”

From Defeat to Exile

25 “The Lord will cause you to be defeated[d] by your enemies. You’ll go out against them in one direction, but you’ll flee from them in seven directions. Consequently, you’ll be in a state of great terror throughout all the kingdoms of the earth. 26 Your dead bodies will be food for the birds of the sky and the wild animals of the earth, with no one to chase them away.

27 “The Lord will afflict you with the boils of Egypt, with tumors, skin disease, and festering rashes, and none of them will be curable. 28 The Lord will afflict you with insanity, blindness, and mental confusion.[e] 29 As a result, you’ll wander aimlessly in broad daylight just as a blind person wanders in darkness. You won’t prosper in life.[f] Instead, you’ll be oppressed and plundered all day long, with no deliverer.

30 “You’ll be engaged to a woman, but another man will rape[g] her. You’ll build a house, but you won’t live in it. You’ll plant a vineyard, but you won’t harvest[h] it. 31 Your ox will be slaughtered in front of you, and you won’t be able to eat it. Your donkey will be stolen from you while you watch and won’t be returned to you. Your flock of sheep will be handed to your enemies, and there will be no deliverer. 32 Your sons and daughters will be given to another people while you watch. You won’t be able to approach them at all,[i] and you’ll be powerless to help.[j]

33 “A people whom you don’t know will devour what your land and labor produces. You’ll be only oppressed and discouraged continuously 34 until you are driven insane from what your eyes will see.

35 “The Lord will afflict you with incurable boils on your knees and legs, and from the sole of your foot to the top of your head.

36 “The Lord will banish you and your king whom you will appoint over you to go to a nation that neither you nor your ancestors have known, and there you’ll serve other gods of wood and stone. 37 You’ll become a desolation and a proverb, and you’ll be mocked among the people where the Lord will drive you.”

Complete Reversal

38 “You’ll plant many seeds in a field, but your harvest will be small because the locust will consume it. 39 You’ll plant a vineyard, but you won’t drink wine or harvest any grapes because worms will consume it. 40 You’ll have olive trees throughout your territory, but you won’t be able to anoint yourself with oil because the olives will drop off the trees. 41 You’ll bear sons and daughters, but they won’t belong to you because they’ll go into captivity. 42 Whirling locusts will consume every tree and the produce of your land. 43 The foreigner in your midst will be elevated higher and higher over you, while you are brought low little by little. 44 He will lend to you, but you won’t lend to him. He’ll be the head, but you’ll be the tail. 45 All these curses will come upon you and will overwhelm you until you are exterminated, because you didn’t obey[k] the Lord your God to keep his commands and statutes, which he had commanded you. 46 These curses[l] will serve as a sign and wonder for you and your descendants[m] as long as you live.”[n]

Servitude and Bondage

47 “Because you didn’t serve the Lord your God joyfully and wholeheartedly,[o] despite the abundance of everything you have, 48 you’ll serve your enemies whom the Lord your God will send against you. You will serve in famine and in drought,[p] in nakedness, and in lack of everything. They’ll[q] set a yoke of iron upon your neck until they[r] have exterminated you.

49 “The Lord will raise a distant nation against you from the other side of the earth. Swooping down like a vulture, 50 it will be a nation whose language you don’t understand, whose[s] stern appearance[t] neither shows regard[u] nor extends grace to anyone whether old or young. 51 Its army[v] will consume the offspring of your animals and the produce of your soil until you are exterminated. They[w] will leave you without your grain, wine, oil, the increase of your cattle, and the lamb of your flock, until you are completely destroyed. 52 They’ll[x] besiege all your cities until your high and fortified walls in which you have trusted collapse throughout the land. Indeed, they will besiege all your cities, which the Lord your God gave you.”

Cannibalism

53 “You’ll eat your own children[y]—the flesh of your sons and daughters, whom the Lord your God gave you—on account of the siege and the distress with which your enemy will oppress you. 54 Even the compassionate man among you—the very sensitive one—will look with evil in his eyes toward his brother, his beloved wife, and his surviving sons, whom he spared. 55 He will withhold from each of them the flesh of his sons that he is eating—since there will be nothing left—on account of the siege and distress with which your enemy will oppress you in all your cities. 56 The most tender and sensitive lady among you, who doesn’t venture to touch the soles of her feet to the ground on account of her daintiness, will look with hostility in her eyes against her beloved husband, her sons, and her daughters. 57 She will eat her afterbirth[z] and her newborn children[aa] secretly—since there will be nothing left—on account of the siege and distress with which your enemy will oppress you in your cities.”

Reduction in Population

58 “If you aren’t careful to observe all the words of this Law that have been written in this book, instructing you[ab] to fear this glorious and awesome name of the Lord your God, 59 then he[ac] will inflict extraordinary plagues on you and your children, great and lasting plagues, and severe and lasting illnesses. 60 He will inflict[ad] on you all the diseases of Egypt that you dreaded, and they won’t be curable.[ae] 61 Moreover, the Lord will inflict you with illnesses and plagues that were not written in this Book of the Law, until you are exterminated. 62 Because you will not have obeyed[af] the Lord your God, very few of you will be left—instead of you being as numerous as the stars in the heavens. 63 Just as the Lord delighted to prosper and increase you, so now the Lord will delight to destroy, exterminate, and banish you from the land that you are about to enter to possess.”

Scattering among the Nations

64 “He’ll[ag] scatter you among the nations[ah] from one end of the earth to the other,[ai] and there you’ll serve other gods made of wood and stones, which neither you nor your ancestors have known. 65 Among those nations you’ll have no rest. There’ll be no resting place for the soles of your feet. Instead, the Lord will give you an anxious heart, failing eyesight, and a despairing spirit. 66 You’ll cling to life, being fearful by both night and day, with no assurance of survival. 67 In the morning you’ll say, ‘I wish it were evening.’ Yet in the evening you’ll say, “I wish it were morning,” on account of what you’ll dread[aj] and what you’ll see.[ak] 68 Finally, the Lord will bring you back to Egypt by ship, a place that I said you’ll never see again. There you’ll try to sell yourselves to your enemies as male and female slaves, but no one will buy you.”

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Notas al pie

  1. Deuteronomy 28:17 The Heb. lacks grain
  2. Deuteronomy 28:18 Lit. shall the fruit of your womb
  3. Deuteronomy 28:20 Lit. me
  4. Deuteronomy 28:25 Lit. be struck down
  5. Deuteronomy 28:28 Lit. and confusion of the heart
  6. Deuteronomy 28:29 Lit. in your ways
  7. Deuteronomy 28:30 Lit. violate
  8. Deuteronomy 28:30 Or enjoy
  9. Deuteronomy 28:32 Lit. all the day
  10. Deuteronomy 28:32 Lit. and there will be no power in your hand
  11. Deuteronomy 28:45 Lit. listen to the voice
  12. Deuteronomy 28:46 Heb. lacks curses
  13. Deuteronomy 28:46 Lit. seed
  14. Deuteronomy 28:46 Lit. until eternity
  15. Deuteronomy 28:47 Lit. and with gladness of heart
  16. Deuteronomy 28:48 Or in hunger and thirst
  17. Deuteronomy 28:48 Lit. he
  18. Deuteronomy 28:48 Lit. he
  19. Deuteronomy 28:50 Lit. a nation
  20. Deuteronomy 28:50 Or face
  21. Deuteronomy 28:50 Lit. who does not lift faces
  22. Deuteronomy 28:51 Heb. lacks army
  23. Deuteronomy 28:51 Lit. it
  24. Deuteronomy 28:52 Lit. it
  25. Deuteronomy 28:53 Lit. eat the fruit of your womb
  26. Deuteronomy 28:57 Lit. will begrudge that which comes out from between her feet
  27. Deuteronomy 28:57 Lit. sons whom she will bear
  28. Deuteronomy 28:58 The Heb. lacks instructing you
  29. Deuteronomy 28:59 Lit. the Lord
  30. Deuteronomy 28:60 Lit. will return
  31. Deuteronomy 28:60 Lit. they will cling to you
  32. Deuteronomy 28:62 Lit. listen to the voice of
  33. Deuteronomy 28:64 Lit. the Lord
  34. Deuteronomy 28:64 Lit. peoples
  35. Deuteronomy 28:64 Lit. end of the earth
  36. Deuteronomy 28:67 Lit. the dread of your heart that you will dread
  37. Deuteronomy 28:67 Lit. the vision of your eyes that you will see
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