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“When brothers dwell together and one of them dies and has no son, the wife of the deceased shall not become the wife of a man of another family;[a] her brother-in-law shall have sex with her,[b] and he shall take her to himself[c] as a wife, and he shall perform his duty as a brother-in-law with respect to her. And then the firstborn that she bears shall represent his dead brother,[d] so that his name is not blotted out from Israel. But if the man does not want to take his sister-in-law, then his sister-in-law shall go up to the gate, to the elders, and she shall say, ‘My brother-in-law refused to perpetuate his brother’s name[e] in Israel, for he is not willing to marry me.’[f] Then the elders of his town shall summon him and speak to him, and if he persists and says, ‘I do not desire to[g] marry her’ then his sister-in-law shall go near him before the eyes of the elders, and she shall pull off his sandal from his foot, and she shall spit in his face, and she shall declare[h] and she shall say, ‘This is how it is done to the man who does not build the house of his brother.’ 10 And his family[i] shall be called in Israel, ‘The house where the sandal was pulled off.’[j]

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Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 25:5 Others: “strange man,” “man outside the family” (NEB)
  2. Deuteronomy 25:5 Literally “shall go to her”
  3. Deuteronomy 25:5 Literally “to/for him”
  4. Deuteronomy 25:6 Literally “he shall stand upon the name of his brother the deceased”
  5. Deuteronomy 25:7 Literally “to cause a name to stand for his brother”
  6. Deuteronomy 25:7 Literally “to consummate the marriage with the widow of a his brother”
  7. Deuteronomy 25:8 Literally “I do not delight in”
  8. Deuteronomy 25:9 Literally “respond/answer”
  9. Deuteronomy 25:10 Literally “name”
  10. Deuteronomy 25:10 Or “the house of the man whose sandal was pulled off”

The brother-in-law’s duty

If brothers live together and one of them dies without having a son, the dead man’s wife must not go outside the family and marry a stranger. Instead, her brother-in-law should go to her and take her as his wife. He will then consummate the marriage according to the brother-in-law’s duty. The brother-in-law will name the oldest male son that she bears after his dead brother so that his brother’s legacy will not be forgotten in Israel. If the brother does not want to marry his sister-in-law, she can go to the elders at the city gate, informing them: “My brother-in-law refuses to continue his brother’s legacy in Israel. He’s not willing to perform the brother-in-law’s duty with me.” The city’s elders will summon him and talk to him about this. If he doesn’t budge, insisting, “I don’t want to marry her,” then the sister-in-law will approach him while the elders watch. She will pull the sandal off his foot and spit in his face. Then she will exclaim: “That’s what’s done to any man who won’t build up his own brother’s family!” 10 Subsequently, that man’s family will be known throughout Israel as “the house of the removed sandal.”

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