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Solomon Commissions Hiram to Supply the Temple

13 King Solomon sent for Hiram[a] of Tyre. 14 He was the son of a widow from the tribe of Naphtali,[b] and his father was a craftsman in bronze from Tyre. He had the skill and knowledge[c] to make all kinds of works of bronze. He reported to King Solomon and did all the work he was assigned.

15 He fashioned two bronze pillars; each pillar was 27 feet[d] high and 18 feet[e] in circumference. 16 He made two bronze tops for the pillars; each was 7½ feet high.[f] 17 The latticework on the tops of the pillars was adorned with ornamental wreaths and chains; the top of each pillar had seven groupings of ornaments.[g] 18 When he made the pillars, there were two rows of pomegranate-shaped ornaments around the latticework covering the top of each pillar.[h] 19 The tops of the two pillars in the porch were shaped like lilies and were six feet high.[i] 20 On the top of each pillar, right above the bulge beside the latticework, there were 200 pomegranate-shaped ornaments arranged in rows all the way around.[j] 21 He set up the pillars on the porch in front of the main hall. He erected one pillar on the right[k] side and called it Yakin;[l] he erected the other pillar on the left[m] side and called it Boaz.[n] 22 The tops of the pillars were shaped like lilies. So the construction of the pillars was completed.

23 He also made the large bronze basin called “The Sea.”[o] It measured 15 feet[p] from rim to rim, was circular in shape, and stood 7½ feet[q] high. Its circumference was 45 feet.[r] 24 Under the rim all the way around it were round ornaments[s] arranged in settings 15 feet long.[t] The ornaments were in two rows and had been cast with “The Sea.”[u] 25 “The Sea”[v] stood on top of twelve bulls. Three faced northward, three westward, three southward, and three eastward. “The Sea” was placed on top of them, and they all faced outward.[w] 26 It was four fingers thick and its rim was like that of a cup shaped like a lily blossom. It could hold about 12,000 gallons.[x]

27 He also made ten bronze movable stands. Each stand was 6 feet[y] long, 6 feet[z] wide, and 4½ feet[aa] high. 28 The stands were constructed with frames between the joints. 29 On these frames and joints were ornamental lions, bulls, and cherubim. Under the lions and bulls were decorative wreaths.[ab] 30 Each stand had four bronze wheels with bronze axles and four supports.[ac] Under the basin the supports were fashioned on each side with wreaths.[ad] 31 Inside the stand was a round opening that was 18 inches deep; it had a support that was 27 inches long.[ae] On the edge of the opening were carvings in square frames.[af] 32 The four wheels were under the frames, and the crossbars of the axles were connected to the stand. Each wheel was 27 inches[ag] high. 33 The wheels were constructed like chariot wheels; their crossbars, rims, spokes, and hubs were made of cast metal. 34 Each stand had four supports, one per side projecting out from the stand.[ah] 35 On top of each stand was a round opening three-quarters of a foot deep;[ai] there were also supports and frames on top of the stands. 36 He engraved ornamental cherubim, lions, and palm trees on the plates of the supports and frames wherever there was room,[aj] with wreaths[ak] all around. 37 He made the ten stands in this way. All of them were cast in one mold and were identical in measurements and shape.

38 He also made ten bronze basins, each of which could hold about 240 gallons.[al] Each basin was 6 feet in diameter;[am] there was one basin for each stand. 39 He put five basins on the south side of the temple and five on the north side. He put “The Sea” on the south side, in the southeast corner.

40 Hiram also made basins, shovels, and bowls. He[an] finished all the work on the Lord’s temple he had been assigned by King Solomon.[ao] 41 He made[ap] the two pillars, the two bowl-shaped tops of the pillars, the latticework for the bowl-shaped tops of the two pillars, 42 the 400 pomegranate-shaped ornaments for the latticework of the two pillars (each latticework had two rows of these ornaments at the bowl-shaped top of the pillar), 43 the ten movable stands with their ten basins, 44 the big bronze basin called “The Sea” with its twelve bulls underneath,[aq] 45 and the pots, shovels, and bowls. All these items King Solomon assigned Hiram to make for the Lord’s temple[ar] were made from polished bronze. 46 The king had them cast in earth foundries[as] in the region of the Jordan between Sukkoth and Zarethan. 47 Solomon left all these items unweighed; there were so many of them they did not weigh the bronze.[at]

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Footnotes

  1. 1 Kings 7:13 tn Heb “King Solomon sent and took Hiram from Tyre.” In 2 Chr 2:13 (MT v. 12) and 4:11, 16 his name is spelled “Huram.”
  2. 1 Kings 7:14 tn 2 Chr 2:14 (13 HT) says “from the daughters of Dan.”
  3. 1 Kings 7:14 tn Heb “he was filled with the skill, understanding, and knowledge.”
  4. 1 Kings 7:15 tn Heb “18 cubits.”
  5. 1 Kings 7:15 tn Heb “12 cubits.”
  6. 1 Kings 7:16 tn Heb “two capitals he made to place on the tops of the pillars, cast in bronze; 5 cubits was the height of the first capital, and 5 cubits was the height of the second capital.”
  7. 1 Kings 7:17 tn Heb “there were seven for the first capital, and seven for the second capital.”
  8. 1 Kings 7:18 tn Heb “he made the pillars, and two rows surrounding one latticework to cover the capitals which were on top of the pomegranates, and so he did for the second latticework.” The translation supplies “pomegranates” after “two rows,” and understands “pillars,” rather than “pomegranates,” to be the correct reading after “on top of.” The latter change finds support from many Hebrew mss and the ancient Greek version.
  9. 1 Kings 7:19 tn Heb “the capitals which were on the top of the pillars were the work of lilies, in the porch, 4 cubits.” It is unclear exactly what dimension is being measured.
  10. 1 Kings 7:20 tn Heb “and the capitals on the two pillars, also above, close beside the bulge which was beside the latticework, two hundred pomegranates in rows around, on the second capital.” The precise meaning of the word translated “bulge” is uncertain.
  11. 1 Kings 7:21 tn Or “south.”
  12. 1 Kings 7:21 tn The name “Yakin” appears to be a verbal form and probably means, “he establishes.”
  13. 1 Kings 7:21 tn Or “north.”
  14. 1 Kings 7:21 sn The meaning of the name Boaz is uncertain. For various proposals, see BDB 126-27 s.v. בעז. One attractive option is to revocalize the name as בְּעֹז (beʿoz, “in strength”) and to understand it as completing the verbal form on the first pillar. Taking the words together and reading from right to left, one can translate the sentence, “he establishes [it] in strength.”
  15. 1 Kings 7:23 tn Heb “He made the sea, cast.”sn This large basin was mounted on twelve bronze bulls and contained water for the priests to bathe themselves (2 Chr 4:6; cf. Exod 30:17-21).
  16. 1 Kings 7:23 tn Heb “10 cubits.”
  17. 1 Kings 7:23 tn Heb “5 cubits.”
  18. 1 Kings 7:23 tn Heb “and a measuring line went around it 30 cubits all around.” The measurements are an approximation. The LXX has the number 33. Neither fit a strict calculation of the diameter time pi, but the precise details of measuring (e.g. the width of the lip or other factors) are not known and numbers may be rounded.
  19. 1 Kings 7:24 tn Or “gourd-shaped ornaments.”
  20. 1 Kings 7:24 tn Heb “10 cubits surrounding the sea all around.” The precise meaning of this description is uncertain.
  21. 1 Kings 7:24 tn Heb “the gourd-shaped ornaments were in two rows, cast in its casting.”
  22. 1 Kings 7:25 tn Heb “It.” The proper noun “The Sea” has been supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
  23. 1 Kings 7:25 tn Heb “all their hindquarters were toward the inside.”
  24. 1 Kings 7:26 tn Heb “2,000 baths” (a bath was a liquid measure roughly equivalent to six gallons).
  25. 1 Kings 7:27 tn Heb “4 cubits.”
  26. 1 Kings 7:27 tn Heb “4 cubits.”
  27. 1 Kings 7:27 tn Heb “3 cubits.”
  28. 1 Kings 7:29 tn The precise meaning of these final words is uncertain. A possible literal translation would be, “wreaths, the work of descent.”
  29. 1 Kings 7:30 tn Heb “and four its feet, supports to them.”
  30. 1 Kings 7:30 tn The precise meaning of this last word, translated “wreaths,” is uncertain.
  31. 1 Kings 7:31 tn Heb “And its opening from the inside to the top and upwards [was] a cubit, and its opening was round, the work of a stand, a cubit-and-a-half.” The precise meaning of this description is uncertain.
  32. 1 Kings 7:31 tn Heb “also over its opening were carvings and their frames [were] squared, not round.”
  33. 1 Kings 7:32 tn Heb “a cubit-and-a-half” (a cubit was a unit of measure roughly equivalent to 18 inches or 45 cm).
  34. 1 Kings 7:34 tn Heb “four shoulders to the four sides of each stand, from the stand its shoulders.” The precise meaning of the description is uncertain.
  35. 1 Kings 7:35 tn Heb “and on top of the stand, a half cubit [in] height, round all around” (the meaning of this description is uncertain).
  36. 1 Kings 7:36 tn Heb “according to the space of each.”
  37. 1 Kings 7:36 tn The precise meaning of this last word, translated “wreaths,” is uncertain.
  38. 1 Kings 7:38 tn Heb “forty baths” (a bath was a liquid measure roughly equivalent to six gallons).
  39. 1 Kings 7:38 tn Heb “4 cubits, each basin.” It is unclear which dimension is being measured.
  40. 1 Kings 7:40 tn Heb “Hiram.” The proper name has been replaced by the pronoun (“he”) in the translation for stylistic reasons.
  41. 1 Kings 7:40 tn Heb “Hiram finished doing all the work which he did for King Solomon [on] the house of the Lord.”
  42. 1 Kings 7:41 tn The words “he made” are added for stylistic reasons.
  43. 1 Kings 7:44 tn Heb “underneath ‘The Sea.’”
  44. 1 Kings 7:45 tn Heb “which Hiram made for King Solomon [for] the house of the Lord.”
  45. 1 Kings 7:46 tn Or perhaps, “molds.”
  46. 1 Kings 7:47 tn Heb “Solomon left all the items, due to their very great abundance; the weight of the bronze was not sought.”

The Temple Furnishings

13 And King Solomon sent and brought (A)Hiram from Tyre. 14 He was the son of a widow of the tribe of Naphtali, and his father was a man of Tyre, a worker in bronze. And (B)he was full of wisdom, understanding, and skill for making any work in bronze. He came to King Solomon and did all his work.

15 (C)He cast (D)two pillars of bronze. (E)Eighteen cubits was the height of one pillar, and a line of twelve cubits measured its circumference. It was hollow, and its thickness was four fingers. The second pillar was the same.[a] 16 He also made two capitals of cast bronze to set on the tops of the pillars. The height of the one capital was five cubits, and (F)the height of the other capital was five cubits. 17 There were lattices of checker work with wreaths of chain work for the capitals on the tops of the pillars, a lattice[b] for the one capital and a lattice for the other capital. 18 Likewise he made pomegranates[c] in two rows around the one latticework to cover the capital that was on the top of the pillar, and he did the same with the other capital. 19 Now the capitals that were on the tops of the pillars in the vestibule were of lily-work, four cubits. 20 The capitals were on the two pillars and also above the rounded projection which was beside the latticework. There were (G)two hundred pomegranates in two rows all around, and so with the other capital. 21 (H)He set up the pillars at the vestibule of the temple. He set up the pillar on the south and called its name Jachin, and he set up the pillar on the north and called its name Boaz. 22 And on the tops of the pillars was lily-work. Thus the work of the pillars was finished.

23 (I)Then he made (J)the sea of cast metal. It was round, ten cubits from brim to brim, and five cubits high, and a line of thirty cubits measured its circumference. 24 Under its brim were (K)gourds, for ten cubits, compassing the sea all around. The gourds were in two rows, cast with it when it was cast. 25 It stood on (L)twelve oxen, three facing north, three facing west, three facing south, and three facing east. The sea was set on them, and all their rear parts were inward. 26 Its thickness was a handbreadth,[d] and its brim was made like the brim of a cup, like the flower of a lily. It held two thousand baths.[e]

27 He also made the (M)ten stands of bronze. Each stand was four cubits long, four cubits wide, and three cubits high. 28 This was the construction of the stands: they had panels, and the panels were set in the frames, 29 and on the panels that were set in the frames were lions, oxen, and cherubim. On the frames, both above and below the lions and oxen, there were wreaths of beveled work. 30 Moreover, each stand had four bronze wheels and axles of bronze, and at the four corners were supports for a basin. The supports were cast with wreaths at the side of each. 31 Its opening was within a crown that projected upward one cubit. Its opening was round, as a pedestal is made, a cubit and a half deep. At its opening there were carvings, and its panels were square, not round. 32 And the four wheels were underneath the panels. The axles of the wheels were of one piece with the stands, and the height of a wheel was a cubit and a half. 33 The wheels were made like a chariot wheel; their axles, their rims, their spokes, and their hubs were all cast. 34 There were four supports at the four corners of each stand. The supports were of one piece with the stands. 35 And on the top of the stand there was a round band half a cubit high; and on the top of the stand its stays and its panels were of one piece with it. 36 And on the surfaces of its stays and on its panels, he carved cherubim, lions, and palm trees, according to the space of each, with wreaths all around. 37 After this manner he made (N)the ten stands. All of them were cast alike, of the same measure and the same form.

38 And he made (O)ten basins of bronze. Each basin held forty baths, each basin measured four cubits, and there was a basin for each of the ten stands. 39 And he set the stands, five on the south side of the house, and five on the north side of the house. And he set the sea at the southeast corner of the house.

40 (P)Hiram also made (Q)the pots, the shovels, and the basins. So Hiram finished all the work that he did for King Solomon on the house of the Lord: 41 the two pillars, the two bowls of the capitals that were on the tops of the pillars, and the two (R)latticeworks to cover the two bowls of the capitals that were on the tops of the pillars; 42 and the (S)four hundred pomegranates for the two latticeworks, two rows of pomegranates for each latticework, to cover the two bowls of the capitals that were on the pillars; 43 the ten stands, and the ten basins on the stands; 44 and (T)the one sea, and the twelve oxen underneath the sea.

45 Now (U)the pots, the shovels, and the basins, all these vessels in the house of the Lord, which Hiram made for King Solomon, were of burnished bronze. 46 In the plain of the Jordan the king cast them, in the clay ground between (V)Succoth and (W)Zarethan. 47 And Solomon left all the vessels unweighed, because there were so many of them; (X)the weight of the bronze was not ascertained.

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Footnotes

  1. 1 Kings 7:15 Targum, Syriac (compare Septuagint and Jeremiah 52:21); Hebrew and a line of twelve cubits measured the circumference of the second pillar
  2. 1 Kings 7:17 Septuagint; Hebrew seven; twice in this verse
  3. 1 Kings 7:18 Two manuscripts (compare Septuagint); Hebrew pillars
  4. 1 Kings 7:26 A handbreadth was about 3 inches or 7.5 centimeters
  5. 1 Kings 7:26 A bath was about 6 gallons or 22 liters