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Ahab Murders Naboth

21 After this the following episode took place.[a] Naboth the Jezreelite owned a vineyard in Jezreel adjacent to the palace of King Ahab of Samaria.[b] Ahab said to Naboth, “Give me your vineyard so I can make a vegetable garden out of it, for it is adjacent to my palace. I will give you an even better vineyard in its place, or if you prefer,[c] I will pay you silver for it.”[d] But Naboth replied to Ahab, “The Lord forbid that I should sell you my ancestral inheritance.”[e]

So Ahab went into his palace, bitter and angry that Naboth the Jezreelite had said,[f] “I will not sell to you my ancestral inheritance.”[g] He lay down on his bed, pouted,[h] and would not eat. Then his wife Jezebel came in and said to him, “Why do you have a bitter attitude and refuse to eat?” He answered her, “While I was talking to Naboth the Jezreelite, I said to him, ‘Sell me your vineyard for silver, or if you prefer, I will give you another vineyard in its place.’ But he said, ‘I will not sell you my vineyard.’”[i] His wife Jezebel said to him, “You are the king of Israel![j] Get up, eat some food, and have a good time.[k] I will get the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite for you.”

She wrote out orders,[l] signed Ahab’s name to them,[m] and sealed them with his seal. She then sent the orders[n] to the leaders[o] and to the nobles who lived in Naboth’s city.[p] This is what she wrote:[q] “Observe a time of fasting and seat Naboth in front of the people. 10 Also seat two villains opposite him and have them testify, ‘You cursed God and the king.’ Then take him out and stone him to death.”

11 The men of the[r] city, the leaders,[s] and the nobles who lived there[t] followed the written orders Jezebel had sent them.[u] 12 They observed a time of fasting and put Naboth in front of the people. 13 The two villains arrived and sat opposite him. Then the villains testified against Naboth right before the people, saying, “Naboth cursed God and the king.” So they dragged him[v] outside the city and stoned him to death.[w] 14 Then they reported to Jezebel, “Naboth has been stoned to death.”[x]

15 When Jezebel heard that Naboth had been stoned to death, she[y] said to Ahab, “Get up, take possession of the vineyard Naboth the Jezreelite refused to sell you for silver, for Naboth is no longer alive; he’s dead.” 16 When Ahab heard that Naboth was dead,[z] he got up and went down to take possession of the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite.

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Footnotes

  1. 1 Kings 21:1 tn Heb “after these things.” The words “the following episode took place” are added for stylistic reasons.
  2. 1 Kings 21:1 sn King Ahab of Samaria. Samaria, as the capital of the northern kingdom, here stands for the nation of Israel.
  3. 1 Kings 21:2 tn Heb “if it is good in your eyes.”
  4. 1 Kings 21:2 tc The Old Greek translation includes the following words: “And it will be mine as a garden of herbs.”
  5. 1 Kings 21:3 tn Heb “Far be it from me, by the Lord, that I should give the inheritance of my fathers to you.”
  6. 1 Kings 21:4 tn Heb “on account of the word that Naboth the Jezreelite spoke to him and he said.”
  7. 1 Kings 21:4 tn Heb “I will not give to you the inheritance of my fathers.”
  8. 1 Kings 21:4 tn Heb “turned away his face.”
  9. 1 Kings 21:6 tn Heb “While I was talking…, I said…, he said….” Ahab’s explanation is one lengthy sentence in the Hebrew text, which is divided in the English translation for stylistic reasons.
  10. 1 Kings 21:7 tn Heb “You, now, you are exercising kingship over Israel.”
  11. 1 Kings 21:7 tn Heb “so your heart [i.e., disposition] might be well.”
  12. 1 Kings 21:8 tn Heb “scrolls.”
  13. 1 Kings 21:8 tn Heb “in the name of Ahab.”
  14. 1 Kings 21:8 tn Heb “scrolls.”
  15. 1 Kings 21:8 tn Heb “elders.”
  16. 1 Kings 21:8 tn Heb “to the nobles who were in his city, the ones who lived with Naboth.”
  17. 1 Kings 21:9 tn Heb “she wrote on the scrolls, saying.”
  18. 1 Kings 21:11 tn Heb “his.”
  19. 1 Kings 21:11 tn Heb “elders.”
  20. 1 Kings 21:11 tn Heb “and the nobles who were living in his city.”
  21. 1 Kings 21:11 tn Heb “did as Jezebel sent to them, just as was written in the scrolls which she sent to them.”
  22. 1 Kings 21:13 tn Heb “led him.”
  23. 1 Kings 21:13 tn Heb “and they stoned him with stones and he died.”
  24. 1 Kings 21:14 tn Heb “Naboth was stoned and he died.” So also in v. 15.
  25. 1 Kings 21:15 tn Heb “Jezebel”; the proper name has been replaced by the pronoun (“she”) in the translation for stylistic reasons.
  26. 1 Kings 21:16 tc The Old Greek translation includes the following words here: “he tore his garments and put on sackcloth. After these things.”

Ahab Covets Naboth’s Vineyard

21 Now it came about after these things that Naboth the Jezreelite had a vineyard in Jezreel, close beside the [winter] palace of Ahab king of Samaria; Ahab spoke to Naboth, saying, “Give me your vineyard, so that I may have it for a garden of vegetables and herbs, because it is near my house. I will give you a better vineyard for it, or, if you prefer, I will give you what it is worth in money.” But Naboth said to Ahab, “The Lord forbid me that I should give the inheritance of my fathers to you.” So Ahab [already upset by the Lord’s message] came into his house [feeling more] resentful and sullen because of what Naboth the Jezreelite had said to him; for he had said, “I will not give you the inheritance of my fathers.” And he lay down on his bed and turned away his face, and would not eat any food.

Then Jezebel his wife came to him and asked him, “Why is your spirit so troubled that you have not eaten?” And he said to her, “Because I spoke to Naboth the Jezreelite and said to him, ‘Give me your vineyard for money; or if you prefer, I will give you another vineyard for it.’ But he answered, ‘I will not give you my vineyard.’” Jezebel his wife said to him, “Do you now reign over Israel? Get up, eat food, and let your heart rejoice; I will give you the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite.”

So she wrote letters in Ahab’s name and sealed them with his seal, and sent them to the elders and nobles who lived with Naboth in his city. Now in the letters she wrote, “Proclaim a [a]fast and seat Naboth at the head of the people; 10 and seat two worthless and unprincipled men opposite him, and have them testify against him, saying, ‘You [b]cursed God and the king.’ Then take him out and stone him to death.”

Jezebel’s Plot

11 So the men of his city, the elders and the nobles who lived there, did as Jezebel had sent word to them, just as it was written in the letters which she had sent to them. 12 They proclaimed a fast and seated Naboth at the head of the people. 13 Two worthless and unprincipled men came in and sat down opposite him; and they testified against Naboth before the people, saying, “Naboth cursed and renounced God and the king.” Then they brought him outside the city and stoned him to death. 14 Then they sent word to Jezebel, saying, “Naboth has been stoned to death.”

15 When Jezebel heard that Naboth had been stoned and was dead, she said to Ahab, “Arise, take possession of the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite which he refused to sell you, because Naboth is no longer alive, but dead.” 16 When Ahab heard that Naboth was dead, he arose to go down to the vineyard of Naboth the Jezreelite, to take possession of it.

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Footnotes

  1. 1 Kings 21:9 The point of the fast was to display grief and humility toward God over a grave sin that had been committed, usually when famine or another disaster had occurred as judgment from God for the sin. So Jezebel’s plot not only included the judicial murder of an innocent man; it was a direct affront and challenge to God.
  2. 1 Kings 21:10 Lit blessed. This word is used here and in v 13 as a euphemism referring to cursing, to avoid actually uttering a curse against God, even when it is placed in the mouth of someone else.