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Morire con Cristo per rinascere in Cristo

(A)Che diremo dunque? Rimarremo forse nel peccato affinché la grazia abbondi? No di certo! Noi che siamo morti al peccato, come vivremmo ancora in esso?

O ignorate forse che tutti noi, che siamo stati battezzati in Cristo Gesù, siamo stati battezzati nella sua morte? Siamo dunque stati sepolti con lui mediante il battesimo nella sua morte, affinché, come Cristo è stato risuscitato dai morti mediante la gloria del Padre, così anche noi camminassimo in novità di vita. Perché se siamo stati totalmente uniti a lui in una morte simile alla sua, lo saremo anche in una risurrezione simile alla sua. Sappiamo infatti che il nostro vecchio uomo è stato crocifisso con lui affinché il corpo del peccato fosse annullato, e noi non serviamo più al peccato; infatti colui che è morto è libero dal peccato. Ora, se siamo morti con Cristo, crediamo pure che vivremo con lui, sapendo che Cristo, risuscitato dai morti, non muore più; la morte non ha più potere su di lui. 10 Poiché il suo morire fu un morire al peccato, una volta per sempre; ma il suo vivere è un vivere a Dio. 11 Così anche voi fate conto di essere morti al peccato, ma viventi a Dio, in Cristo Gesù [nostro Signore].

12 Non regni dunque il peccato nel vostro corpo mortale per ubbidire alle sue concupiscenze; 13 e non prestate le vostre membra al peccato, come strumenti d’iniquità; ma presentate voi stessi a Dio, come di morti fatti viventi, e le vostre membra come strumenti di giustizia a Dio;

14 infatti il peccato non avrà più potere su di voi, perché non siete sotto la legge ma sotto la grazia.

15 (B)Che faremo dunque? Peccheremo forse perché non siamo sotto la legge, ma sotto la grazia? No di certo!

16 Non sapete voi che se vi offrite a qualcuno come schiavi per ubbidirgli, siete schiavi di colui a cui ubbidite: o del peccato che conduce alla morte o dell’ubbidienza che conduce alla giustizia? 17 Ma sia ringraziato Dio, che eravate schiavi del peccato, ma avete ubbidito di cuore a quella forma d’insegnamento che vi è stata trasmessa; 18 e, liberati dal peccato, siete diventati servi della giustizia. 19 Parlo alla maniera degli uomini, a causa della debolezza della vostra carne; poiché, come già prestaste le vostre membra a servizio dell’impurità e dell’iniquità per commettere l’iniquità, così prestate ora le vostre membra a servizio della giustizia per la santificazione. 20 Perché quando eravate schiavi del peccato, eravate liberi riguardo alla giustizia. 21 Quale frutto dunque avevate allora? Di queste cose ora vi vergognate, poiché la loro fine è la morte. 22 Ma ora, liberati dal peccato e fatti servi di Dio, avete per frutto la vostra santificazione e per fine la vita eterna; 23 perché il salario del peccato è la morte, ma il dono di Dio è la vita eterna in Cristo Gesù, nostro Signore.

مَيِّتٌ بِالنِّسبَةِ لِلخَطِيَّةِ، حَيٌّ فِي المَسِيح

فَمَاذَا نَقُولُ؟ أنَبقَى فِي الخَطِيَّةِ لِكَي تَزدَادَ نِعْمَةُ اللهِ؟ بِالطَّبعِ لَا! نَحْنُ الَّذِينَ مُتنَا بِالنِّسبَةِ لِلخَطِيَّةِ، كَيْفَ نُواصِلُ العَيشَ فِيهَا؟ أمْ أنَّكُمْ لَا تَعْلَمُونَ أنَّنَا نَحْنُ الَّذِينَ تَعَمَّدنَا مُتَّحِدينَ بِالمَسِيحِ يَسُوعَ، قَدْ تَعَمَّدنَا لِنَشتَرِكَ مَعَهُ فِي مَوْتِهِ؟ فَقَدْ دُفِنَّا مَعَهُ مِنْ خِلَالِ مَعمُودِيَّتِنَا لِنَشتَرِكَ مَعَهُ فِي مَوْتِهِ، حَتَّى كَمَا أُقِيمَ المَسِيحُ مِنَ المَوْتِ بِقُوَّةِ الآبِ المَجِيدَةِ، نَسْلُكُ نَحْنُ أيْضًا فِي حَيَاةٍ جَدِيدَةٍ.

فَبِمَا أنَّنَا اتَّحَدْنَا مَعَهُ فِي مَوْتٍ يُشْبِهُ مَوْتَهُ، فَسَنَتَّحِدُ مَعَهُ أيْضًا فِي قِيَامَةٍ تُشبِهُ قِيَامَتَهُ. وَنَحْنُ نَعْلَمُ أنَّ ذَاتَنَا العَتِيقَةَ قَدْ صُلِبَتْ مَعَ المَسِيحِ لِكَي لَا نَخضَعَ فِيمَا بَعْدُ لِذَوَاتِنَا الأثِيمَةِ، فَلَا نَعُودَ عَبِيدًا لِلخَطِيَّةِ. لِأنَّ الَّذِي يَمُوتُ، يَتَحَرَّرُ مِنْ قُوَّةِ الخَطِيَّةِ.

وَبِمَا أنَّنَا مُتنَا مَعَ المَسِيحِ، فَإنَّنَا نُؤمِنُ بِأنَّنَا سَنَحيَا أيْضًا مَعَهُ. فَنَحْنُ نَعْرِفُ أنَّ المَسِيحَ الَّذِي أُقِيمَ مِنَ المَوْتِ، لَا يَمُوتُ ثَانِيَةً، وَلَنْ يَسُودَ عَلَيْهِ المَوْتُ ثَانِيَةً. 10 فَالمَوْتُ الَّذِي اختَبَرَهُ المَسِيحُ، كَانَ لِكَي يَهْزِمَ الخَطِيَّةَ مَرَّةً وَاحِدَةً نِهَائِيَّةً. أمَّا الحَيَاةُ الَّتِي يَحيَاهَا، فَيَحيَاهَا للهِ. 11 فَاعتَبِرُوا أنْتُمْ أنْفُسَكُمْ أمْوَاتًا بِالنِّسبَةِ لِلخَطِيَّةِ، وَلَكِنْ أحيَاءً بِالنِّسبَةِ للهِ فِي المَسِيحِ يَسُوعَ.

12 إذًا لَا يَنْبَغِي أنْ تَسْمَحُوا لِلخَطِيَّةِ بِأنْ تَتَحَكَّمَ بِأجسَامِكُمُ الفَانِيَةِ، فَتَجْعَلَكُمْ تُطِيعُونَ رَغَبَاتِهَا الشِّرِّيرَةَ. 13 وَلَا تُقَدِّمُوا أعضَاءَ أجسَامِكُمْ لِلخَطِيَّةِ كَأدَوَاتٍ فِي خِدْمَةِ الإثمِ، بَلْ قَدِّمُوا أنْفُسَكُمْ كَمَا يَلِيقُ بِمَنْ نَالُوا حَيَاةً بَعْدَ مَوْتِهِمْ وَأُقِيمُوا مِنَ المَوْتِ. وَقَدِّمُوا أعضَاءَ أجسَامِكُمْ للهِ كَأدَوَاتٍ لِلبِرِّ، وَفِي خِدْمَةِ البِرِّ. 14 وَلَنْ تَسُودَ الخَطِيَّةُ عَلَيْكُمْ، لِأنَّكُمْ لَا تَحْيَونَ تَحْتَ الشَّرِيعَةِ، بَلْ تَحْتَ نِعْمَةِ اللهِ.

عَبِيدٌ لِلبِرّ

15 فَمَاذَا نَفعَلُ؟ أيَجُوزُ لَنَا أنْ نُخطِئَ لِأنَّنَا لَا نَحيَا تَحْتَ الشَّرِيعَةِ، بَلْ تَحْتَ نِعْمَةِ اللهِ؟ بِالطَّبعِ لَا! 16 ألَا تَعْرِفُونَ أنَّكُمْ حِينَ تَضَعُونَ أنْفُسَكُمْ تَحْتَ تَصَرُّفِ شَخْصٍ لِتُطِيعُوهُ، فَإنَّكُمْ تَكُونُونَ عَبِيدًا لِمَنْ تُطِيعُونَ؟ فَالعُبُودِيَّةُ لِلخَطِيَّةِ تُؤَدِّي إلَى المَوْتِ، وَالعُبُودِيَّةُ لِطَاعَةِ اللهِ تُؤَدِّي إلَى البِرِّ. 17 لَكِنْ شُكرًا للهِ لِأنَّكُمْ، رُغْمَ أنَّكُمْ كُنْتُمْ عَبِيدًا لِلخَطِيَّةِ، أطَعتُمْ مِنْ كُلِّ القَلْبِ التَّعلِيمَ الَّذِي سُلِّمَ إلَيكُمْ. 18 فَتَحَرَّرتُمْ مِنَ الخَطِيَّةِ، وَأصبَحتُمْ عَبِيدًا لِلبِرِّ.

19 أنَا أستَخْدِمُ تَشبيهَاتٍ بَشَرِيَّةً بِسَبَبِ ضَعفِكُمْ. لَقَدْ قَدَّمتُمْ فِيمَا مَضَى أعضَاءَ أجسَامِكُمْ لِلنَّجَاسَةِ وَالإثمِ، فَكُنْتُمْ عَبِيدًا لَهَا. وَكَانَ الإثمُ هُوَ الثَّمَرُ. فَالآنَ يَنْبَغِي أنْ تُقَدِّمُوا أعضَاءَ أجسَامِكُمْ لِحَيَاةِ البِرِّ، لِتَكُونُوا عَبِيدًا لِلبِرِّ، وَتَكُونَ القَدَاسَةُ هِيَ الثَّمَرُ.

20 فَحِينَ كُنْتُمْ عَبِيدًا لِلخَطِيَّةِ، كُنْتُمْ غَيْرَ خَاضِعِينَ لِلبِرِّ. 21 فَأيُّ نَوعٍ مِنَ الثَّمَرِ كَانَ لَكُمْ آنَذَاكَ؟ كَانَ ثَمَرًا تَخْجَلُونَ مِنْهُ الآنَ، وَنَتيجَتُهُ النِّهَائِيَّةُ هِيَ المَوْتُ. 22 أمَّا الآنَ وَقَدْ تَحَرَّرتُمْ مِنَ الخَطِيَّةِ وَصِرتُمْ عَبِيدًا للهِ، فَلَكُمْ ثَمَرُ القَدَاسَةِ، وَالنَتيجَةُ هِيَ الحَيَاةُ الأبَدِيَّةُ. 23 لِأنَّ الأجرَ الَّذِي يُدفَعُ مُقَابِلَ الخَطِيَّةِ هُوَ المَوْتُ، أمَّا عَطِيَةُ اللهِ المَجَّانِيَّةُ، فَهِيَ حَيَاةٌ أبَدِيَّةٌ فِي المَسِيحِ يَسُوعَ رَبِّنَا.

The Believer’s Freedom from Sin’s Domination

What shall we say then? Are we to remain in sin so that grace may increase? Absolutely not! How can we who died to sin still live in it? Or do you not know that as many as were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into his death? Therefore we have been buried with him through baptism into death, in order that just as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, so we too may live a new life.[a]

For if we have become united with him in the likeness of his death, we will certainly also be united in the likeness of his resurrection.[b] We know that[c] our old man was crucified with him so that the body of sin would no longer dominate us,[d] so that we would no longer be enslaved to sin. (For someone who has died has been freed from sin.)[e]

Now if we died with Christ, we believe that we will also live with him. We know[f] that since Christ has been raised from the dead, he is never going to die[g] again; death no longer has mastery over him. 10 For the death he died, he died to sin once for all, but the life he lives, he lives to God. 11 So you too consider yourselves[h] dead to sin, but[i] alive to God in Christ Jesus.

12 Therefore do not let sin reign in your mortal body so that you obey its desires, 13 and do not present your members to sin as instruments[j] to be used for unrighteousness,[k] but present yourselves to God as those who are alive from the dead and your members to God as instruments[l] to be used for righteousness. 14 For sin will have no mastery over you, because you are not under law but under grace.

The Believer’s Enslavement to God’s Righteousness

15 What then? Shall we sin because we are not under law but under grace? Absolutely not! 16 Do you not know that if you present yourselves[m] as obedient slaves,[n] you are slaves of the one you obey, either of sin resulting in death, or obedience resulting in righteousness?[o] 17 But thanks be to God that though you were slaves to sin, you obeyed[p] from the heart that pattern[q] of teaching you were entrusted to, 18 and having been freed from sin, you became enslaved to righteousness. 19 (I am speaking in human terms because of the weakness of your flesh.)[r] For just as you once presented your members as slaves to impurity and lawlessness leading to more lawlessness, so now present your members as slaves to righteousness leading to sanctification. 20 For when you were slaves of sin, you were free with regard to righteousness.

21 So what benefit[s] did you then reap[t] from those things that you are now ashamed of? For the end of those things is death. 22 But now, freed[u] from sin and enslaved to God, you have your benefit[v] leading to sanctification, and the end is eternal life. 23 For the payoff[w] of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.

Notas al pie

  1. Romans 6:4 tn Grk “may walk in newness of life,” in which ζωῆς (zōēs) functions as an attributed genitive (see ExSyn 89-90, where this verse is given as a prime example).
  2. Romans 6:5 tn Grk “we will certainly also of his resurrection.”
  3. Romans 6:6 tn Grk “knowing this, that.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
  4. Romans 6:6 tn Grk “may be rendered ineffective, inoperative,” or possibly “may be destroyed.” The term καταργέω (katargeō) has various nuances. In Rom 7:2 the wife whose husband has died is freed from the law (i.e., the law of marriage no longer has any power over her, in spite of what she may feel). A similar point seems to be made here (note v. 7).
  5. Romans 6:7 sn Verse 7 forms something of a parenthetical comment in Paul’s argument.
  6. Romans 6:9 tn Grk “knowing.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
  7. Romans 6:9 tn The present tense here has been translated as a futuristic present (see ExSyn 536, where this verse is listed as an example).
  8. Romans 6:11 tc ‡ Some Alexandrian and Byzantine mss (P94vid א* B C 81 365 1506 1739 1881) have the infinitive “to be” (εἶναι, einai) following “yourselves”. The infinitive is lacking from some mss of the Alexandrian and Western textual clusters (P46vid A D*,c F G 33). The infinitive is found elsewhere in the majority of Byzantine mss, suggesting a scribal tendency toward clarification. The lack of infinitive best explains the rise of the other readings. The meaning of the passage is not significantly altered by inclusion or omission, but on internal grounds omission is more likely. NA28 includes the infinitive in brackets, indicating doubt as to its authenticity.
  9. Romans 6:11 tn Greek emphasizes the contrast between these two clauses more than can be easily expressed in English.
  10. Romans 6:13 tn Or “weapons, tools.”
  11. Romans 6:13 tn Or “wickedness, injustice.”
  12. Romans 6:13 tn Or “weapons, tools.”
  13. Romans 6:16 tn Grk “to whom you present yourselves.”
  14. Romans 6:16 tn Grk “as slaves for obedience.” See the note on the word “slave” in 1:1.
  15. Romans 6:16 tn Grk “either of sin unto death, or obedience unto righteousness.”
  16. Romans 6:17 tn Grk “you were slaves of sin but you obeyed.”
  17. Romans 6:17 tn Or “type, form.”
  18. Romans 6:19 tn Or “because of your natural limitations” (NRSV). sn Verse 19 forms something of a parenthetical comment in Paul’s argument.
  19. Romans 6:21 tn Grk “fruit.”
  20. Romans 6:21 tn Grk “have,” in a tense emphasizing their customary condition in the past.
  21. Romans 6:22 tn The two aorist participles translated “freed” and “enslaved” are causal in force; their full force is something like “But now, since you have become freed from sin and since you have become enslaved to God….”
  22. Romans 6:22 tn Grk “fruit.”
  23. Romans 6:23 tn A figurative extension of ὀψώνιον (opsōnion), which refers to a soldier’s pay or wages. Here it refers to the end result of an activity, seen as something one receives back in return. In this case the activity is sin, and the translation “payoff” captures this thought. See also L&N 89.42.