The Priestly Garments

28 “Have Aaron(A) your brother brought to you from among the Israelites, along with his sons Nadab and Abihu,(B) Eleazar and Ithamar,(C) so they may serve me as priests.(D) Make sacred garments(E) for your brother Aaron to give him dignity and honor.(F) Tell all the skilled workers(G) to whom I have given wisdom(H) in such matters that they are to make garments for Aaron, for his consecration, so he may serve me as priest. These are the garments they are to make: a breastpiece,(I) an ephod,(J) a robe,(K) a woven tunic,(L) a turban(M) and a sash. They are to make these sacred garments for your brother Aaron and his sons, so they may serve me as priests. Have them use gold, and blue, purple and scarlet yarn, and fine linen.(N)

The Ephod(O)

“Make the ephod(P) of gold, and of blue, purple and scarlet yarn, and of finely twisted linen—the work of skilled hands. It is to have two shoulder pieces attached to two of its corners, so it can be fastened. Its skillfully woven waistband(Q) is to be like it—of one piece with the ephod and made with gold, and with blue, purple and scarlet yarn, and with finely twisted linen.

“Take two onyx stones and engrave(R) on them the names of the sons of Israel 10 in the order of their birth—six names on one stone and the remaining six on the other. 11 Engrave the names of the sons of Israel on the two stones the way a gem cutter engraves a seal. Then mount the stones in gold filigree settings 12 and fasten them on the shoulder pieces of the ephod as memorial stones for the sons of Israel. Aaron is to bear the names on his shoulders(S) as a memorial(T) before the Lord. 13 Make gold filigree settings 14 and two braided chains of pure gold, like a rope, and attach the chains to the settings.

The Breastpiece(U)

15 “Fashion a breastpiece(V) for making decisions—the work of skilled hands. Make it like the ephod: of gold, and of blue, purple and scarlet yarn, and of finely twisted linen. 16 It is to be square—a span[a] long and a span wide—and folded double. 17 Then mount four rows of precious stones(W) on it. The first row shall be carnelian, chrysolite(X) and beryl; 18 the second row shall be turquoise, lapis lazuli and emerald; 19 the third row shall be jacinth, agate and amethyst; 20 the fourth row shall be topaz, onyx and jasper.[b] Mount them in gold filigree settings. 21 There are to be twelve stones, one for each of the names of the sons of Israel,(Y) each engraved like a seal with the name of one of the twelve tribes.(Z)

22 “For the breastpiece make braided chains of pure gold, like a rope. 23 Make two gold rings for it and fasten them to two corners of the breastpiece. 24 Fasten the two gold chains to the rings at the corners of the breastpiece, 25 and the other ends of the chains to the two settings, attaching them to the shoulder pieces of the ephod at the front. 26 Make two gold rings and attach them to the other two corners of the breastpiece on the inside edge next to the ephod. 27 Make two more gold rings and attach them to the bottom of the shoulder pieces on the front of the ephod, close to the seam just above the waistband of the ephod. 28 The rings of the breastpiece are to be tied to the rings of the ephod with blue cord, connecting it to the waistband, so that the breastpiece will not swing out from the ephod.

29 “Whenever Aaron enters the Holy Place,(AA) he will bear the names of the sons of Israel over his heart on the breastpiece of decision as a continuing memorial before the Lord. 30 Also put the Urim and the Thummim(AB) in the breastpiece, so they may be over Aaron’s heart whenever he enters the presence of the Lord. Thus Aaron will always bear the means of making decisions for the Israelites over his heart before the Lord.

Other Priestly Garments(AC)

31 “Make the robe of the ephod entirely of blue cloth, 32 with an opening for the head in its center. There shall be a woven edge like a collar[c] around this opening, so that it will not tear. 33 Make pomegranates(AD) of blue, purple and scarlet yarn around the hem of the robe, with gold bells between them. 34 The gold bells and the pomegranates are to alternate around the hem of the robe. 35 Aaron must wear it when he ministers. The sound of the bells will be heard when he enters the Holy Place before the Lord and when he comes out, so that he will not die.

36 “Make a plate(AE) of pure gold and engrave on it as on a seal: holy to the Lord.(AF) 37 Fasten a blue cord to it to attach it to the turban; it is to be on the front of the turban. 38 It will be on Aaron’s forehead, and he will bear the guilt(AG) involved in the sacred gifts the Israelites consecrate, whatever their gifts may be. It will be on Aaron’s forehead continually so that they will be acceptable(AH) to the Lord.

39 “Weave the tunic(AI) of fine linen and make the turban(AJ) of fine linen. The sash is to be the work of an embroiderer. 40 Make tunics, sashes and caps for Aaron’s sons(AK) to give them dignity and honor.(AL) 41 After you put these clothes(AM) on your brother Aaron and his sons, anoint(AN) and ordain them. Consecrate them so they may serve me as priests.(AO)

42 “Make linen undergarments(AP) as a covering for the body, reaching from the waist to the thigh. 43 Aaron and his sons must wear them whenever they enter the tent of meeting(AQ) or approach the altar to minister in the Holy Place,(AR) so that they will not incur guilt and die.(AS)

“This is to be a lasting ordinance(AT) for Aaron and his descendants.

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 28:16 That is, about 9 inches or about 23 centimeters
  2. Exodus 28:20 The precise identification of some of these precious stones is uncertain.
  3. Exodus 28:32 The meaning of the Hebrew for this word is uncertain.

Oppression, Toil, Friendlessness

Again I looked and saw all the oppression(A) that was taking place under the sun:

I saw the tears of the oppressed—
    and they have no comforter;
power was on the side of their oppressors—
    and they have no comforter.(B)
And I declared that the dead,(C)
    who had already died,
are happier than the living,
    who are still alive.(D)
But better than both
    is the one who has never been born,(E)
who has not seen the evil
    that is done under the sun.(F)

And I saw that all toil and all achievement spring from one person’s envy of another. This too is meaningless, a chasing after the wind.(G)

Fools fold their hands(H)
    and ruin themselves.
Better one handful with tranquillity
    than two handfuls with toil(I)
    and chasing after the wind.

Again I saw something meaningless under the sun:

There was a man all alone;
    he had neither son nor brother.
There was no end to his toil,
    yet his eyes were not content(J) with his wealth.
“For whom am I toiling,” he asked,
    “and why am I depriving myself of enjoyment?”
This too is meaningless—
    a miserable business!

Two are better than one,
    because they have a good return for their labor:
10 If either of them falls down,
    one can help the other up.
But pity anyone who falls
    and has no one to help them up.
11 Also, if two lie down together, they will keep warm.
    But how can one keep warm alone?
12 Though one may be overpowered,
    two can defend themselves.
A cord of three strands is not quickly broken.

Advancement Is Meaningless

13 Better a poor but wise youth than an old but foolish king who no longer knows how to heed a warning. 14 The youth may have come from prison to the kingship, or he may have been born in poverty within his kingdom. 15 I saw that all who lived and walked under the sun followed the youth, the king’s successor. 16 There was no end to all the people who were before them. But those who came later were not pleased with the successor. This too is meaningless, a chasing after the wind.

Psalm 33

Sing joyfully(A) to the Lord, you righteous;
    it is fitting(B) for the upright(C) to praise him.
Praise the Lord with the harp;(D)
    make music to him on the ten-stringed lyre.(E)
Sing to him a new song;(F)
    play skillfully, and shout for joy.(G)

For the word of the Lord is right(H) and true;(I)
    he is faithful(J) in all he does.
The Lord loves righteousness and justice;(K)
    the earth is full of his unfailing love.(L)

By the word(M) of the Lord the heavens were made,(N)
    their starry host(O) by the breath of his mouth.
He gathers the waters(P) of the sea into jars[a];(Q)
    he puts the deep into storehouses.
Let all the earth fear the Lord;(R)
    let all the people of the world(S) revere him.(T)
For he spoke, and it came to be;
    he commanded,(U) and it stood firm.

10 The Lord foils(V) the plans(W) of the nations;(X)
    he thwarts the purposes of the peoples.
11 But the plans of the Lord stand firm(Y) forever,
    the purposes(Z) of his heart through all generations.

12 Blessed is the nation whose God is the Lord,(AA)
    the people he chose(AB) for his inheritance.(AC)
13 From heaven the Lord looks down(AD)
    and sees all mankind;(AE)
14 from his dwelling place(AF) he watches
    all who live on earth—
15 he who forms(AG) the hearts of all,
    who considers everything they do.(AH)

16 No king is saved by the size of his army;(AI)
    no warrior escapes by his great strength.
17 A horse(AJ) is a vain hope for deliverance;
    despite all its great strength it cannot save.
18 But the eyes(AK) of the Lord are on those who fear him,
    on those whose hope is in his unfailing love,(AL)
19 to deliver them from death(AM)
    and keep them alive in famine.(AN)

20 We wait(AO) in hope for the Lord;
    he is our help and our shield.
21 In him our hearts rejoice,(AP)
    for we trust in his holy name.(AQ)
22 May your unfailing love(AR) be with us, Lord,
    even as we put our hope in you.

Psalm 34[b][c]

Of David. When he pretended to be insane(AS) before Abimelek, who drove him away, and he left.

I will extol the Lord at all times;(AT)
    his praise will always be on my lips.
I will glory(AU) in the Lord;
    let the afflicted hear and rejoice.(AV)
Glorify the Lord(AW) with me;
    let us exalt(AX) his name together.

I sought the Lord,(AY) and he answered me;
    he delivered(AZ) me from all my fears.
Those who look to him are radiant;(BA)
    their faces are never covered with shame.(BB)
This poor man called, and the Lord heard him;
    he saved him out of all his troubles.(BC)
The angel of the Lord(BD) encamps around those who fear him,
    and he delivers(BE) them.

Taste and see that the Lord is good;(BF)
    blessed is the one who takes refuge(BG) in him.
Fear the Lord,(BH) you his holy people,
    for those who fear him lack nothing.(BI)
10 The lions may grow weak and hungry,
    but those who seek the Lord lack no good thing.(BJ)
11 Come, my children, listen(BK) to me;
    I will teach you(BL) the fear of the Lord.(BM)
12 Whoever of you loves life(BN)
    and desires to see many good days,
13 keep your tongue(BO) from evil
    and your lips from telling lies.(BP)
14 Turn from evil and do good;(BQ)
    seek peace(BR) and pursue it.

15 The eyes of the Lord(BS) are on the righteous,(BT)
    and his ears are attentive(BU) to their cry;
16 but the face of the Lord is against(BV) those who do evil,(BW)
    to blot out their name(BX) from the earth.

17 The righteous cry out, and the Lord hears(BY) them;
    he delivers them from all their troubles.
18 The Lord is close(BZ) to the brokenhearted(CA)
    and saves those who are crushed in spirit.

19 The righteous person may have many troubles,(CB)
    but the Lord delivers him from them all;(CC)
20 he protects all his bones,
    not one of them will be broken.(CD)

21 Evil will slay the wicked;(CE)
    the foes of the righteous will be condemned.
22 The Lord will rescue(CF) his servants;
    no one who takes refuge(CG) in him will be condemned.

Psalm 35

Of David.

Contend,(CH) Lord, with those who contend with me;
    fight(CI) against those who fight against me.
Take up shield(CJ) and armor;
    arise(CK) and come to my aid.(CL)
Brandish spear(CM) and javelin[d](CN)
    against those who pursue me.
Say to me,
    “I am your salvation.(CO)

May those who seek my life(CP)
    be disgraced(CQ) and put to shame;(CR)
may those who plot my ruin
    be turned back(CS) in dismay.
May they be like chaff(CT) before the wind,
    with the angel of the Lord(CU) driving them away;
may their path be dark and slippery,
    with the angel of the Lord pursuing them.

Since they hid their net(CV) for me without cause(CW)
    and without cause dug a pit(CX) for me,
may ruin overtake them by surprise—(CY)
    may the net they hid entangle them,
    may they fall into the pit,(CZ) to their ruin.
Then my soul will rejoice(DA) in the Lord
    and delight in his salvation.(DB)
10 My whole being will exclaim,
    “Who is like you,(DC) Lord?
You rescue the poor from those too strong(DD) for them,
    the poor and needy(DE) from those who rob them.”

11 Ruthless witnesses(DF) come forward;
    they question me on things I know nothing about.
12 They repay me evil for good(DG)
    and leave me like one bereaved.
13 Yet when they were ill, I put on sackcloth(DH)
    and humbled myself with fasting.(DI)
When my prayers returned to me unanswered,
14     I went about mourning(DJ)
    as though for my friend or brother.
I bowed my head in grief
    as though weeping for my mother.
15 But when I stumbled, they gathered in glee;(DK)
    assailants gathered against me without my knowledge.
    They slandered(DL) me without ceasing.
16 Like the ungodly they maliciously mocked;[e](DM)
    they gnashed their teeth(DN) at me.

17 How long,(DO) Lord, will you look on?
    Rescue me from their ravages,
    my precious life(DP) from these lions.(DQ)
18 I will give you thanks in the great assembly;(DR)
    among the throngs(DS) I will praise you.(DT)
19 Do not let those gloat over me
    who are my enemies(DU) without cause;
do not let those who hate me without reason(DV)
    maliciously wink the eye.(DW)
20 They do not speak peaceably,
    but devise false accusations(DX)
    against those who live quietly in the land.
21 They sneer(DY) at me and say, “Aha! Aha!(DZ)
    With our own eyes we have seen it.”

22 Lord, you have seen(EA) this; do not be silent.
    Do not be far(EB) from me, Lord.
23 Awake,(EC) and rise(ED) to my defense!
    Contend(EE) for me, my God and Lord.
24 Vindicate me in your righteousness, Lord my God;
    do not let them gloat(EF) over me.
25 Do not let them think, “Aha,(EG) just what we wanted!”
    or say, “We have swallowed him up.”(EH)

26 May all who gloat(EI) over my distress(EJ)
    be put to shame(EK) and confusion;
may all who exalt themselves over me(EL)
    be clothed with shame and disgrace.
27 May those who delight in my vindication(EM)
    shout for joy(EN) and gladness;
may they always say, “The Lord be exalted,
    who delights(EO) in the well-being of his servant.”(EP)

28 My tongue will proclaim your righteousness,(EQ)
    your praises all day long.(ER)

Footnotes

  1. Psalm 33:7 Or sea as into a heap
  2. Psalm 34:1 This psalm is an acrostic poem, the verses of which begin with the successive letters of the Hebrew alphabet.
  3. Psalm 34:1 In Hebrew texts 34:1-22 is numbered 34:2-23.
  4. Psalm 35:3 Or and block the way
  5. Psalm 35:16 Septuagint; Hebrew may mean Like an ungodly circle of mockers,

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