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Then I saw that all toil and all skill in work come from one person’s envy of another. This also is vanity and a chasing after wind.(A)

Fools fold their hands
    and consume their own flesh.(B)
Better is a handful with quiet
    than two handfuls with toil
    and a chasing after wind.(C)

Again, I saw vanity under the sun: the case of solitary individuals, without sons or brothers; yet there is no end to all their toil, and their eyes are never satisfied with riches. “For whom am I toiling,” they ask, “and depriving myself of pleasure?” This also is vanity and an unhappy business.(D)

The Value of a Friend

Two are better than one because they have a good reward for their toil. 10 For if they fall, one will lift up the other, but woe to one who is alone and falls and does not have another to help. 11 Again, if two lie together, they keep warm, but how can one keep warm alone?(E) 12 And though one might prevail against another, two will withstand one. A threefold cord is not quickly broken.

13 Better is a poor but wise youth than an old but foolish king who will no longer take advice.(F) 14 One can indeed come out of prison to reign, even though born poor in the kingdom.(G) 15 I saw all the living who, moving about under the sun, follow that[a] youth who replaced the king;[b] 16 there was no end to all those people whom he led.[c] Yet those who come later will not rejoice in him. Surely this also is vanity and a chasing after wind.(H)

Reverence, Humility, and Contentment

[d]Guard your steps when you go to the house of God; to draw near to listen is better than the sacrifice offered by fools, for they do not know how to keep from doing evil.[e](I) [f]Never be rash with your mouth nor let your heart be quick to utter a word before God, for God is in heaven and you upon earth; therefore let your words be few.(J)

For dreams come with many cares, and a fool’s voice with many words.

When you make a vow to God, do not delay fulfilling it, for he has no pleasure in fools. Fulfill what you vow.(K) It is better that you should not vow than that you should vow and not fulfill it.(L) Do not let your mouth lead you into sin, and do not say before the messenger that it was a mistake; why should God be angry at your words and destroy the work of your hands?

With many dreams come vanities and a multitude of words,[g] but fear God.(M)

Footnotes

  1. 4.15 Heb the second
  2. 4.15 Heb him
  3. 4.16 Heb who were before them
  4. 5.1 4.17 in Heb
  5. 5.1 Cn: Heb they do not know how to do evil
  6. 5.2 5.1 in Heb
  7. 5.7 Meaning of Heb uncertain