Le mariage de Ruth et de Booz

Booz se rendit à la porte de la ville, et il y prit place. Quand le plus proche parent, dont il avait parlé et qui avait le devoir de s’occuper de Ruth vint à passer, Booz lui dit : Un tel ! Viens donc t’asseoir ici !

L’homme s’approcha et s’assit. Booz fit approcher dix hommes parmi les responsables de la ville et leur demanda de s’asseoir avec eux[a]. Lorsqu’ils se furent installés, il s’adressa ainsi au plus proche parent : Noémi, qui est revenue du pays de Moab, met en vente le champ d’Elimélek, notre parent. J’ai pensé t’en informer et te proposer de le racheter par-devant les habitants de la ville et les responsables de mon peuple ici présents. Si tu veux exercer ton droit de rachat, fais-le. Sinon, déclare-le-moi, que je le sache, car tu viens en premier lieu pour disposer du droit de rachat, et je viens directement après toi.

L’homme lui répondit : Oui, je veux le racheter.

Booz poursuivit : Si tu acquiers le champ de la main de Noémi, tu prendras pour femme Ruth[b] la Moabite, la veuve du défunt, pour donner au défunt une descendance qui héritera de son patrimoine.

– Dans ces conditions, dit le plus proche parent, je ne peux pas racheter pour mon compte, car je ferais tort à mon propre patrimoine. Reprends donc à ton compte mon droit de rachat, car je ne puis en profiter moi-même.

Autrefois, en Israël, lorsqu’on procédait à un rachat ou à un échange de biens, la coutume voulait que l’un des contractants ôte sa sandale et la donne à l’autre pour valider la transaction[c]. Ainsi, l’homme qui avait le droit de rachat dit à Booz : « Acquiers le champ », et il retira sa sandale[d].

Alors Booz déclara aux responsables et à tous ceux qui étaient là : Vous êtes témoins aujourd’hui que j’ai acquis de la main de Noémi tout ce qui appartenait à Elimélek et tout ce qui était à Kilyôn et à Mahlôn. 10 De ce fait, je prends aussi pour femme Ruth la Moabite, la veuve de Mahlôn, pour susciter au défunt une descendance qui recevra son héritage et pour que son nom ne disparaisse pas dans son lignage et dans sa ville natale. Vous en êtes témoins aujourd’hui.

11 Alors tous ceux qui se trouvaient à la porte et tous les responsables dirent : Oui : nous en sommes témoins ! Que l’Eternel rende la femme qui entre dans ta famille semblable à Rachel et à Léa[e] qui, à elles deux, ont donné naissance à tout le peuple d’Israël ! Puisses-tu toi-même prospérer à Ephrata et devenir célèbre à Bethléhem ! 12 Que l’Eternel t’accorde, par cette jeune femme, une descendance aussi nombreuse que celle de Pérets, le fils que Tamar a donné à Juda[f].

Un petit-fils pour Noémi

13 C’est ainsi que Booz prit Ruth pour femme.

Lorsqu’il se fut uni à elle, l’Eternel accorda à Ruth de devenir enceinte, et elle donna naissance à un fils. 14 Les femmes de Bethléhem dirent à Noémi : Béni soit l’Eternel qui ne t’a pas privée d’un soutien de famille ! Que son nom devienne célèbre en Israël ! 15 Il te rendra une raison de vivre et prendra soin de toi dans tes vieux jours, puisque c’est ta belle-fille qui t’aime qui t’a donné ce petit-fils. Elle vaut mieux pour toi que sept fils.

16 Noémi prit le nouveau-né et le serra sur son cœur. C’est elle qui se chargea de l’élever. 17 Les voisines s’écrièrent : Noémi a eu un fils !

Et elles lui donnèrent le nom d’Obed.

Obed fut le père d’Isaï et le grand-père de David.

La liste généalogique de Pérets

18 Voici la liste généalogique de Pérets : Pérets eut pour fils Hetsrôn, 19 qui eut pour fils Ram, qui eut pour fils Amminadab, 20 qui eut pour fils Nahshôn, qui eut pour fils Salma[g], 21 qui eut pour fils Booz, qui eut pour fils Obed, 22 qui eut pour fils Isaï, qui eut pour fils David.

Footnotes

  1. 4.2 Les responsables d’une ville faisaient aussi fonction de juges (Dt 21.19 ; 22.15 ; 25.7). Ici, ils seront surtout témoins de la transaction entre Booz et son parent.
  2. 4.5 D’après la version syriaque et la Vulgate. Le texte hébreu traditionnel a : et de Ruth…
  3. 4.7 Dans les pays orientaux, la sandale est symbole de possession (voir Ps 60.10). Conférer un droit ou une propriété à quelqu’un était souligné par le geste symbolique du don d’une sandale (voir Am 2.6 ; 8.6).
  4. 4.8 L’ancienne version grecque a : et la lui donna.
  5. 4.11 Rachel et Léa ont donné naissance à tout le peuple d’Israël. Ainsi Ruth donnera naissance à la lignée de David, et donc du Messie.
  6. 4.12 Pérets était un ancêtre de Booz (voir 18-21 ; Mt 1.3 ; Lc 3.33).
  7. 4.20 D’après quelques manuscrits hébreux, la Vulgate et 1 Ch 2.11. Le texte hébreu traditionnel a : Salmôn.

Then went Boaz up to the sha’ar, and sat him down there; and, hinei, the Go’el of whom Boaz spoke came by; unto whom he said, Ho, such a one! Turn aside, sit down here. And he turned aside, and sat down.

And he took a minyan of the zekenim of the town, and said, Sit ye down here. And they sat down.

And he said unto the Go’el, Naomi, that is come again out of the sadeh of Moav, selleth a share of sadeh, which was achinu (our brother) Elimelech’s;

And I thought to advise thee, saying, Buy it before the inhabitants, and before the zekenim of my people. If thou wilt redeem it, redeem it; but if thou wilt not redeem it, then tell me, that I may know; for there is none to redeem it beside thee; and I am after thee. And he said, I will redeem it.

Then said Boaz, What day thou buyest the sadeh of the hand of Naomi, thou must acquire Ruth the Moabitess, the eshet hamet (wife of the dead man), lahakim (to raise up, resurrect) the shem hamet upon his nachalah (inheritance).

And the Go’el said, I cannot redeem it for myself, lest I mar mine own nachalah; redeem thou my right to thyself; for I cannot redeem it.

Now this was the manner in former time in Yisroel concerning the geulah (redemption) and concerning the temurah (the substitute, exchange), for to confirm all things; a man plucked off his sandal, and gave it to his neighbor; and this was an attestation in Yisroel.

Therefore the Go’el said unto Boaz, Buy it for thee. So he drew off his sandal.

And Boaz said unto the zekenim, and unto kol haAm, Ye are witnesses this day, that I have bought all that was Elimelech’s, and all that was Kilyon’s and Machlon’s, of the hand of Naomi.

10 Moreover Ruth the Moabitess, the wife of Machlon, have I purchased to be my wife, lahakim (to raise up, resurrect) the shem hamet (name of the dead man) upon his nachalah, that the shem of the dead man be not cut off from among his brethren, and from the sha’ar of his place; ye are edim (witnesses) HaYom.

11 And kol HaAm that were in the sha’ar, and the zekenim, said, We are edim. Hashem make the isha haba’ah (the woman coming, see Gn 3:15; Isa 7:14) into thine bais [i.e. Bais Dovid] like Rachel and like Leah, which two did build the Bais Yisroel; and do thou worthily in Ephrat, and be famous in Beit-Lechem;

12 And let thy bais be like the bais of Peretz, whom Tamar bore unto Yehudah, of the zera (Bereshis 22:18; Ga 3:16) which Hashem shall give thee of this na’arah.

13 So Boaz took Ruth, and she was his isha; and when he went in unto her, Hashem gave her conception, and she bore ben [see Isa 7:14].

14 And the nashim said unto Naomi, Baruch Hashem, which hath not left thee this yom without a Go’el. May shmo be famous in Yisroel.

15 And may he restore your nefesh and be a nourisher of thine old age; for thy kallah, which loveth thee, which is better to thee than shiva banim, hath born him.

16 And Naomi took the yeled, and laid him in her kheyk (bosom), and became omenet (nurse) unto it.

17 And the women her shchenim gave him a name, saying, There is a ben born to Naomi; and they called his name Oved; he is the father of Yishai, the father of Dovid.

18 Now these are the toldot of Peretz; Peretz fathered Chetzron,

19 And Chetzron fathered Ram, and Ram fathered Amminadav,

20 And Amminadav fathered Nachshon, and Nachshon fathered Salmon,

21 And Salmon fathered Boaz, and Boaz fathered Oved,

22 And Oved fathered Yishai, and Yishai fathered Dovid.

Boaz Redeems Ruth

Now Boaz went up to the gate and sat down there; and behold, (A)the close relative of whom Boaz had spoken came by. So Boaz said, “Come aside, [a]friend, sit down here.” So he came aside and sat down. And he took ten men of (B)the elders of the city, and said, “Sit down here.” So they sat down. Then he said to the close relative, “Naomi, who has come back from the country of Moab, sold the piece of land (C)which belonged to our brother Elimelech. And I thought to [b]inform you, saying, (D)‘Buy it back (E)in the presence of the inhabitants and the elders of my people. If you will redeem it, redeem it; but if [c]you will not redeem it, then tell me, that I may know; (F)for there is no one but you to redeem it, and I am next after you.’ ”

And he said, “I will redeem it.

Then Boaz said, “On the day you buy the field from the hand of Naomi, you must also buy it from Ruth the Moabitess, the wife of the dead, (G)to [d]perpetuate the name of the dead through his inheritance.”

(H)And the close relative said, “I cannot redeem it for myself, lest I ruin my own inheritance. You redeem my right of redemption for yourself, for I cannot redeem it.

(I)Now this was the custom in former times in Israel concerning redeeming and exchanging, to confirm anything: one man took off his sandal and gave it to the other, and this was a confirmation in Israel.

Therefore the close relative said to Boaz, “Buy it for yourself.” So he took off his sandal. And Boaz said to the elders and all the people, “You are witnesses this day that I have bought all that was Elimelech’s, and all that was Chilion’s and Mahlon’s, from the hand of Naomi. 10 Moreover, Ruth the Moabitess, the widow of Mahlon, I have acquired as my wife, to perpetuate the name of the dead through his inheritance, (J)that the name of the dead may not be cut off from among his brethren and from [e]his position at the gate. You are witnesses this day.”

11 And all the people who were at the gate, and the elders, said, “We are witnesses. (K)The Lord make the woman who is coming to your house like Rachel and Leah, the two who (L)built the house of Israel; and may you prosper in (M)Ephrathah and be famous in (N)Bethlehem. 12 May your house be like the house of (O)Perez, (P)whom Tamar bore to Judah, because of (Q)the offspring which the Lord will give you from this young woman.”

Descendants of Boaz and Ruth(R)

13 So Boaz (S)took Ruth and she became his wife; and when he went in to her, (T)the Lord gave her conception, and she bore a son. 14 Then (U)the women said to Naomi, “Blessed be the Lord, who has not left you this day without a [f]close relative; and may his name be famous in Israel! 15 And may he be to you a restorer of life and a [g]nourisher of your old age; for your daughter-in-law, who loves you, who is (V)better to you than seven sons, has borne him.” 16 Then Naomi took the child and laid him on her bosom, and became a nurse to him. 17 (W)Also the neighbor women gave him a name, saying, “There is a son born to Naomi.” And they called his name Obed. He is the father of Jesse, the father of David.

18 (X)Now this is the genealogy of Perez: (Y)Perez begot Hezron; 19 Hezron begot Ram, and Ram begot Amminadab; 20 Amminadab begot (Z)Nahshon, and Nahshon begot (AA)Salmon;[h] 21 Salmon begot Boaz, and Boaz begot Obed; 22 Obed begot Jesse, and Jesse begot (AB)David.

Footnotes

  1. Ruth 4:1 Heb. peloni almoni, lit. so and so
  2. Ruth 4:4 Lit. uncover your ear
  3. Ruth 4:4 So with many Heb. mss., LXX, Syr., Tg., Vg.; MT he
  4. Ruth 4:5 Lit. raise up
  5. Ruth 4:10 Probably his civic office
  6. Ruth 4:14 redeemer, Heb. goel
  7. Ruth 4:15 sustainer
  8. Ruth 4:20 Heb. Salmah

Boaz Marries Ruth

Meanwhile Boaz went up to the town gate(A) and sat down there just as the guardian-redeemer[a](B) he had mentioned(C) came along. Boaz said, “Come over here, my friend, and sit down.” So he went over and sat down.

Boaz took ten of the elders(D) of the town and said, “Sit here,” and they did so.(E) Then he said to the guardian-redeemer, “Naomi, who has come back from Moab, is selling the piece of land that belonged to our relative Elimelek.(F) I thought I should bring the matter to your attention and suggest that you buy it in the presence of these seated here and in the presence of the elders of my people. If you will redeem it, do so. But if you[b] will not, tell me, so I will know. For no one has the right to do it except you,(G) and I am next in line.”

“I will redeem it,” he said.

Then Boaz said, “On the day you buy the land from Naomi, you also acquire Ruth the Moabite,(H) the[c] dead man’s widow, in order to maintain the name of the dead with his property.”(I)

At this, the guardian-redeemer said, “Then I cannot redeem(J) it because I might endanger my own estate. You redeem it yourself. I cannot do it.”(K)

(Now in earlier times in Israel, for the redemption(L) and transfer of property to become final, one party took off his sandal(M) and gave it to the other. This was the method of legalizing transactions(N) in Israel.)(O)

So the guardian-redeemer said to Boaz, “Buy it yourself.” And he removed his sandal.(P)

Then Boaz announced to the elders and all the people, “Today you are witnesses(Q) that I have bought from Naomi all the property of Elimelek, Kilion and Mahlon. 10 I have also acquired Ruth the Moabite,(R) Mahlon’s widow, as my wife,(S) in order to maintain the name of the dead with his property, so that his name will not disappear from among his family or from his hometown.(T) Today you are witnesses!(U)

11 Then the elders and all the people at the gate(V) said, “We are witnesses.(W) May the Lord make the woman who is coming into your home like Rachel and Leah,(X) who together built up the family of Israel. May you have standing in Ephrathah(Y) and be famous in Bethlehem.(Z) 12 Through the offspring the Lord gives you by this young woman, may your family be like that of Perez,(AA) whom Tamar(AB) bore to Judah.”

Naomi Gains a Son

13 So Boaz took Ruth and she became his wife. When he made love to her, the Lord enabled her to conceive,(AC) and she gave birth to a son.(AD) 14 The women(AE) said to Naomi: “Praise be to the Lord,(AF) who this day has not left you without a guardian-redeemer.(AG) May he become famous throughout Israel! 15 He will renew your life and sustain you in your old age. For your daughter-in-law,(AH) who loves you and who is better to you than seven sons,(AI) has given him birth.”

16 Then Naomi took the child in her arms and cared for him. 17 The women living there said, “Naomi has a son!” And they named him Obed. He was the father of Jesse,(AJ) the father of David.(AK)

The Genealogy of David(AL)

18 This, then, is the family line of Perez(AM):

Perez was the father of Hezron,(AN)

19 Hezron the father of Ram,

Ram the father of Amminadab,(AO)

20 Amminadab the father of Nahshon,(AP)

Nahshon the father of Salmon,[d]

21 Salmon the father of Boaz,(AQ)

Boaz the father of Obed,

22 Obed the father of Jesse,

and Jesse the father of David.

Footnotes

  1. Ruth 4:1 The Hebrew word for guardian-redeemer is a legal term for one who has the obligation to redeem a relative in serious difficulty (see Lev. 25:25-55); also in verses 3, 6, 8 and 14.
  2. Ruth 4:4 Many Hebrew manuscripts, Septuagint, Vulgate and Syriac; most Hebrew manuscripts he
  3. Ruth 4:5 Vulgate and Syriac; Hebrew (see also Septuagint) Naomi and from Ruth the Moabite, you acquire the
  4. Ruth 4:20 A few Hebrew manuscripts, some Septuagint manuscripts and Vulgate (see also verse 21 and Septuagint of 1 Chron. 2:11); most Hebrew manuscripts Salma