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This does not mean that God’s word has failed, because not all who are descended from Israel are really Israel, and not all who are descended from Abraham are really his children. On the contrary, “Your line of descent will be traced through Isaac.”[a] This means that it is not the children of the flesh who are God’s children, but it is the children of the promise who are counted as his descendants. For this is what the promise said: “I will arrive at this set time, and Sarah will have a son.”[b]

God’s Choice Is Based on His Mercy

10 Not only that, but Rebekah also had children by one man, our forefather, Isaac. 11 Even before the twins were born or did anything good or bad, in order that God’s purpose in election might continue— 12 not by works but because of him who calls us—it was said to her, “The older will serve the younger.”[c] 13 Just as it is written: “Jacob I loved, but Esau I hated.”[d]

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