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IV. Justification and the Christian Life

Chapter 6

Freedom from Sin; Life in God. [a]What then shall we say? Shall we persist in sin that grace may abound? Of course not!(A) How can we who died to sin yet live in it?(B) Or are you unaware that we who were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into his death?(C) We were indeed buried with him through baptism into death, so that, just as Christ was raised from the dead by the glory of the Father, we too might live in newness of life.(D)

For if we have grown into union with him through a death like his, we shall also be united with him in the resurrection.(E) We know that our old self was crucified with him, so that our sinful body might be done away with, that we might no longer be in slavery to sin.(F) For a dead person has been absolved from sin. If, then, we have died with Christ, we believe that we shall also live with him.(G) We know that Christ, raised from the dead, dies no more; death no longer has power over him.(H) 10 As to his death, he died to sin once and for all; as to his life, he lives for God.(I) 11 Consequently, you too must think of yourselves as [being] dead to sin and living for God in Christ Jesus.(J)

12 [b]Therefore, sin must not reign over your mortal bodies so that you obey their desires.(K) 13 And do not present the parts of your bodies to sin as weapons for wickedness, but present yourselves to God as raised from the dead to life and the parts of your bodies to God as weapons for righteousness.(L) 14 For sin is not to have any power over you, since you are not under the law but under grace.(M)

15 What then? Shall we sin because we are not under the law but under grace? Of course not!(N) 16 Do you not know that if you present yourselves to someone as obedient slaves,(O) you are slaves of the one you obey, either of sin, which leads to death, or of obedience, which leads to righteousness?(P) 17 But thanks be to God that, although you were once slaves of sin, you have become obedient from the heart to the pattern of teaching to which you were entrusted.[c] 18 Freed from sin, you have become slaves of righteousness. 19 I am speaking in human terms because of the weakness of your nature. For just as you presented the parts of your bodies as slaves to impurity and to lawlessness for lawlessness, so now present them as slaves to righteousness for sanctification. 20 (Q)For when you were slaves of sin, you were free from righteousness.[d] 21 But what profit did you get then from the things of which you are now ashamed? For the end of those things is death.(R) 22 But now that you have been freed from sin and have become slaves of God, the benefit that you have leads to sanctification,[e] and its end is eternal life.(S) 23 For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord.(T)

Footnotes

  1. 6:1–11 To defend the gospel against the charge that it promotes moral laxity (cf. Rom 3:5–8), Paul expresses himself in the typical style of spirited diatribe. God’s display of generosity or grace is not evoked by sin but, as stated in Rom 5:8 is the expression of God’s love, and this love pledges eternal life to all believers (Rom 5:21). Paul views the present conduct of the believers from the perspective of God’s completed salvation when the body is resurrected and directed totally by the holy Spirit. Through baptism believers share the death of Christ and thereby escape from the grip of sin. Through the resurrection of Christ the power to live anew becomes reality for them, but the fullness of participation in Christ’s resurrection still lies in the future. But life that is lived in dedication to God now is part and parcel of that future. Hence anyone who sincerely claims to be interested in that future will scarcely be able to say, “Let us sin so that grace may prosper” (cf. Rom 6:1).
  2. 6:12–19 Christians have been released from the grip of sin, but sin endeavors to reclaim its victims. The antidote is constant remembrance that divine grace has claimed them and identifies them as people who are alive only for God’s interests.
  3. 6:17 In contrast to humanity, which was handed over to self-indulgence (Rom 1:24–32), believers are entrusted (“handed over”) to God’s pattern of teaching, that is, the new life God aims to develop in Christians through the productivity of the holy Spirit. Throughout this passage Paul uses the slave-master model in order to emphasize the fact that one cannot give allegiance to both God and sin.
  4. 6:20 You were free from righteousness: expressed ironically, for such freedom is really tyranny. The commercial metaphors in Rom 6:21–23 add up only one way: sin is a bad bargain.
  5. 6:22 Sanctification: or holiness.

No Longer Sin’s Slaves, but God’s Slaves

What should we say, then? Should we go on sinning so that grace may increase? Of course not! How can we who died as far as sin is concerned go on living in it?

Or don’t you know that all of us who were baptized into union with the Messiah[a] Jesus were baptized into his death? Therefore, through baptism we were buried with him into his death so that, just as the Messiah[b] was raised from the dead by the Father’s glory, we too may live an entirely new life. For if we have become united with him in a death like his, we will certainly also be united with him in a resurrection like his. We know that our old natures were crucified with him so that our sin-laden bodies might be rendered powerless and we might no longer be slaves to sin. For the person who has died has been freed from sin.

Now if we have died with the Messiah,[c] we believe that we will also live with him, for we know that the Messiah,[d] who was raised from the dead, will never die again; death no longer has mastery over him. 10 For when he died, he died once and for all as far as sin is concerned. But now that he is alive, he lives for God. 11 In the same way, you too must continuously consider yourselves dead as far as sin is concerned, but living for God through the Messiah[e] Jesus.[f]

12 Therefore, do not let sin rule your mortal bodies so that you obey their desires. 13 Stop offering[g] the parts of your body[h] to sin as instruments of unrighteousness. Instead, offer yourselves to God as people who have been brought from death to life and the parts of your body[i] as instruments of righteousness to God. 14 For sin will not have mastery over you, because you are not under Law but under grace.

15 What, then, does this mean?[j] Should we go on sinning because we are not under Law but under grace? Of course not! 16 Don’t you know that when you offer yourselves to someone as obedient slaves, you are slaves of the one you obey—either of sin, which leads to death, or of obedience, which leads to righteousness? 17 But thank God that, though you were once slaves of sin, you became obedient from your hearts to that form of teaching with which you were entrusted! 18 And since you have been freed from sin, you have become slaves of righteousness.

19 I am speaking in simple[k] terms because of the frailty of your human nature.[l] Just as you once offered the parts of your body[m] as slaves to impurity and to greater and greater disobedience, so now, in the same way, you must offer the parts of your body[n] as slaves to righteousness that leads to sanctification. 20 For when you were slaves of sin, you were “free” as far as righteousness was concerned. 21 What benefit did you get from doing those things you are now ashamed of? For those things resulted in death. 22 But now that you have been freed from sin and have become God’s slaves, the benefit you reap is sanctification, and the result is eternal life. 23 For the wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life in union with the Messiah[o] Jesus our Lord.

Footnotes

  1. Romans 6:3 Or Christ
  2. Romans 6:4 Or Christ
  3. Romans 6:8 Or Christ
  4. Romans 6:9 Or Christ
  5. Romans 6:11 Or Christ
  6. Romans 6:11 Other mss. read the Messiah Jesus our Lord
  7. Romans 6:13 Or Don’t offer
  8. Romans 6:13 Lit. your members
  9. Romans 6:13 Lit. your members
  10. Romans 6:15 The Gk. lacks does this mean
  11. Romans 6:19 Lit. human
  12. Romans 6:19 Lit. your flesh
  13. Romans 6:19 Lit. your members
  14. Romans 6:19 Lit. your members
  15. Romans 6:23 Or Christ