God’s Wrath against Sinful Humanity

¹⁸ For God’s wrath is being revealed from heaven against all the ungodliness and wickedness of those who in their wickedness suppress the truth. ¹⁹ For what can be known about God is plain to them, because God himself has made it plain to them. ²⁰ For since the creation of the world God’s^[a] invisible attributes—his eternal power and divine nature—have been understood and observed by what he made, so that people^[b] are without excuse. ²¹ For although they knew God, they neither glorified him as God nor gave thanks to him. Instead, their thoughts turned to worthless things,^[c] and their senseless hearts were darkened. ²² Though claiming to be wise, they became fools ²³ and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images that looked like mortal human beings, birds, four-footed animals, and reptiles.