Living Sacrifices to God

12 I (A)beseech[a] you therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, that you present your bodies (B)a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable to God, which is your [b]reasonable service. And (C)do not be conformed to this world, but (D)be transformed by the renewing of your mind, that you may (E)prove what is that good and acceptable and perfect will of God.

Serve God with Spiritual Gifts

For I say, (F)through the grace given to me, to everyone who is among you, (G)not to think of himself more highly than he ought to think, but to think soberly, as God has dealt (H)to each one a measure of faith. For (I)as we have many members in one body, but all the members do not have the same function, so (J)we, being many, are one body in Christ, and individually members of one another. Having then gifts differing according to the grace that is (K)given to us, let us use them: if prophecy, let us (L)prophesy in proportion to our faith; or ministry, let us use it in our ministering; (M)he who teaches, in teaching; (N)he who exhorts, in exhortation; (O)he who gives, with liberality; (P)he who leads, with diligence; he who shows mercy, (Q)with cheerfulness.

Behave Like a Christian

(R)Let love be without hypocrisy. (S)Abhor what is evil. Cling to what is good. 10 (T)Be kindly affectionate to one another with brotherly love, (U)in honor giving preference to one another; 11 not lagging in diligence, fervent in spirit, serving the Lord; 12 (V)rejoicing in hope, (W)patient[c] in tribulation, (X)continuing steadfastly in prayer; 13 (Y)distributing to the needs of the saints, (Z)given[d] to hospitality.

14 (AA)Bless those who persecute you; bless and do not curse. 15 (AB)Rejoice with those who rejoice, and weep with those who weep. 16 (AC)Be of the same mind toward one another. (AD)Do not set your mind on high things, but associate with the humble. Do not be wise in your own opinion.

17 (AE)Repay no one evil for evil. (AF)Have[e] regard for good things in the sight of all men. 18 If it is possible, as much as depends on you, (AG)live peaceably with all men. 19 Beloved, (AH)do not avenge yourselves, but rather give place to wrath; for it is written, (AI)“Vengeance is Mine, I will repay,” says the Lord. 20 Therefore

(AJ)“If your enemy is hungry, feed him;
If he is thirsty, give him a drink;
For in so doing you will heap coals of fire on his head.”

21 Do not be overcome by evil, but (AK)overcome evil with good.

Submit to Government

13 Let every soul be (AL)subject to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except from God, and the authorities that exist are appointed by God. Therefore whoever resists (AM)the authority resists the ordinance of God, and those who resist will [f]bring judgment on themselves. For rulers are not a terror to good works, but to evil. Do you want to be unafraid of the authority? (AN)Do what is good, and you will have praise from the same. For he is God’s minister to you for good. But if you do evil, be afraid; for he does not bear the sword in vain; for he is God’s minister, an avenger to execute wrath on him who practices evil. Therefore (AO)you must be subject, not only because of wrath (AP)but also for conscience’ sake. For because of this you also pay taxes, for they are God’s ministers attending continually to this very thing. (AQ)Render therefore to all their due: taxes to whom taxes are due, customs to whom customs, fear to whom fear, honor to whom honor.

Love Your Neighbor(AR)

Owe no one anything except to love one another, for (AS)he who loves another has fulfilled the law. For the commandments, (AT)“You shall not commit adultery,” “You shall not murder,” “You shall not steal,” [g]“You shall not bear false witness,” “You shall not covet,” and if there is any other commandment, are all summed up in this saying, namely, (AU)“You shall love your neighbor as yourself.” 10 Love does no harm to a neighbor; therefore (AV)love is the fulfillment of the law.

Put on Christ

11 And do this, knowing the time, that now it is high time (AW)to awake out of sleep; for now our salvation is nearer than when we first believed. 12 The night is far spent, the day is at hand. (AX)Therefore let us cast off the works of darkness, and (AY)let us put on the armor of light. 13 (AZ)Let us walk [h]properly, as in the day, (BA)not in revelry and drunkenness, (BB)not in lewdness and lust, (BC)not in strife and envy. 14 But (BD)put on the Lord Jesus Christ, and (BE)make no provision for the flesh, to fulfill its lusts.

The Law of Liberty

14 Receive(BF) one who is weak in the faith, but not to disputes over doubtful things. For one believes he (BG)may eat all things, but he who is weak eats only vegetables. Let not him who eats despise him who does not eat, and (BH)let not him who does not eat judge him who eats; for God has received him. (BI)Who are you to judge another’s servant? To his own master he stands or falls. Indeed, he will be made to stand, for God is able to make him stand.

(BJ)One person esteems one day above another; another esteems every day alike. Let each be fully convinced in his own mind. He who (BK)observes the day, observes it to the Lord; [i]and he who does not observe the day, to the Lord he does not observe it. He who eats, eats to the Lord, for (BL)he gives God thanks; and he who does not eat, to the Lord he does not eat, and gives God thanks. For (BM)none of us lives to himself, and no one dies to himself. For if we (BN)live, we live to the Lord; and if we die, we die to the Lord. Therefore, whether we live or die, we are the Lord’s. For (BO)to this end Christ died [j]and rose and lived again, that He might be (BP)Lord of both the dead and the living. 10 But why do you judge your brother? Or why do you show contempt for your brother? For (BQ)we shall all stand before the judgment seat of [k]Christ. 11 For it is written:

(BR)As I live, says the Lord,
Every knee shall bow to Me,
And every tongue shall confess to God.”

12 So then (BS)each of us shall give account of himself to God. 13 Therefore let us not judge one another [l]anymore, but rather resolve this, (BT)not to put a stumbling block or a cause to fall in our brother’s way.

The Law of Love

14 I know and am convinced by the Lord Jesus (BU)that there is nothing unclean of itself; but to him who considers anything to be unclean, to him it is unclean. 15 Yet if your brother is grieved because of your food, you are no longer walking in love. (BV)Do not destroy with your food the one for whom Christ died. 16 (BW)Therefore do not let your good be spoken of as evil; 17 (BX)for the kingdom of God is not eating and drinking, but righteousness and (BY)peace and joy in the Holy Spirit. 18 For he who serves Christ in [m]these things (BZ)is acceptable to God and approved by men.

19 (CA)Therefore let us pursue the things which make for peace and the things by which (CB)one may [n]edify another. 20 (CC)Do not destroy the work of God for the sake of food. (CD)All things indeed are pure, (CE)but it is evil for the man who eats with [o]offense. 21 It is good neither to eat (CF)meat nor drink wine nor do anything by which your brother stumbles [p]or is offended or is made weak. 22 [q]Do you have faith? Have it to yourself before God. (CG)Happy is he who does not condemn himself in what he approves. 23 But he who doubts is condemned if he eats, because he does not eat from faith; for (CH)whatever is not from faith is [r]sin.

Bearing Others’ Burdens

15 We (CI)then who are strong ought to bear with the [s]scruples of the weak, and not to please ourselves. (CJ)Let each of us please his neighbor for his good, leading to [t]edification. (CK)For even Christ did not please Himself; but as it is written, (CL)“The reproaches of those who reproached You fell on Me.” For (CM)whatever things were written before were written for our learning, that we through the [u]patience and comfort of the Scriptures might have hope. (CN)Now may the God of patience and comfort grant you to be like-minded toward one another, according to Christ Jesus, that you may (CO)with one mind and one mouth glorify the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ.

Glorify God Together

Therefore (CP)receive one another, just (CQ)as Christ also received [v]us, to the glory of God. Now I say that (CR)Jesus Christ has become a [w]servant to the circumcision for the truth of God, (CS)to confirm the promises made to the fathers, and (CT)that the Gentiles might glorify God for His mercy, as it is written:

(CU)“For this reason I will confess to You among the Gentiles,
And sing to Your name.”

10 And again he says:

(CV)“Rejoice, O Gentiles, with His people!”

11 And again:

(CW)“Praise the Lord, all you Gentiles!
Laud Him, all you peoples!”

12 And again, Isaiah says:

(CX)“There shall be a root of Jesse;
And He who shall rise to reign over the Gentiles,
In Him the Gentiles shall hope.”

13 Now may the God of hope fill you with all (CY)joy and peace in believing, that you may abound in hope by the power of the Holy Spirit.

From Jerusalem to Illyricum

14 Now (CZ)I myself am confident concerning you, my brethren, that you also are full of goodness, (DA)filled with all knowledge, able also to admonish [x]one another. 15 Nevertheless, brethren, I have written more boldly to you on some points, as reminding you, (DB)because of the grace given to me by God, 16 that (DC)I might be a minister of Jesus Christ to the Gentiles, ministering the gospel of God, that the (DD)offering [y]of the Gentiles might be acceptable, sanctified by the Holy Spirit. 17 Therefore I have reason to glory in Christ Jesus (DE)in the things which pertain to God. 18 For I will not dare to speak of any of those things (DF)which Christ has not accomplished through me, in word and deed, (DG)to make the Gentiles obedient— 19 (DH)in mighty signs and wonders, by the power of the Spirit of God, so that from Jerusalem and round about to Illyricum I have fully preached the gospel of Christ. 20 And so I have made it my aim to preach the gospel, not where Christ was named, (DI)lest I should build on another man’s foundation, 21 but as it is written:

(DJ)“To whom He was not announced, they shall see;
And those who have not heard shall understand.”

Plan to Visit Rome

22 For this reason (DK)I also have been much hindered from coming to you. 23 But now no longer having a place in these parts, and (DL)having a great desire these many years to come to you, 24 whenever I journey to Spain, [z]I shall come to you. For I hope to see you on my journey, (DM)and to be helped on my way there by you, if first I may (DN)enjoy your company for a while. 25 But now (DO)I am going to Jerusalem to [aa]minister to the saints. 26 For (DP)it pleased those from Macedonia and Achaia to make a certain contribution for the poor among the saints who are in Jerusalem. 27 It pleased them indeed, and they are their debtors. For (DQ)if the Gentiles have been partakers of their spiritual things, (DR)their duty is also to minister to them in material things. 28 Therefore, when I have performed this and have sealed to them (DS)this fruit, I shall go by way of you to Spain. 29 (DT)But I know that when I come to you, I shall come in the fullness of the blessing [ab]of the gospel of Christ.

30 Now I beg you, brethren, through the Lord Jesus Christ, and (DU)through the love of the Spirit, (DV)that you strive together with me in prayers to God for me, 31 (DW)that I may be delivered from those in Judea who [ac]do not believe, and that (DX)my service for Jerusalem may be acceptable to the saints, 32 (DY)that I may come to you with joy (DZ)by the will of God, and may (EA)be refreshed together with you. 33 Now (EB)the God of peace be with you all. Amen.

Footnotes

  1. Romans 12:1 urge
  2. Romans 12:1 rational
  3. Romans 12:12 persevering
  4. Romans 12:13 Lit. pursuing
  5. Romans 12:17 Or Provide good
  6. Romans 13:2 Lit. receive
  7. Romans 13:9 NU omits “You shall not bear false witness,”
  8. Romans 13:13 decently
  9. Romans 14:6 NU omits the rest of this sentence.
  10. Romans 14:9 NU omits and rose
  11. Romans 14:10 NU God
  12. Romans 14:13 any longer
  13. Romans 14:18 NU this thing
  14. Romans 14:19 build up
  15. Romans 14:20 A feeling of giving offense
  16. Romans 14:21 NU omits the rest of v. 21.
  17. Romans 14:22 NU The faith which you have—have
  18. Romans 14:23 M puts Rom. 16:25–27 here.
  19. Romans 15:1 weaknesses
  20. Romans 15:2 building up
  21. Romans 15:4 perseverance
  22. Romans 15:7 NU, M you
  23. Romans 15:8 minister
  24. Romans 15:14 M others
  25. Romans 15:16 Consisting of
  26. Romans 15:24 NU omits I shall come to you and joins Spain with the next sentence.
  27. Romans 15:25 serve
  28. Romans 15:29 NU omits of the gospel
  29. Romans 15:31 are disobedient

The New Life in Christ

12 I appeal to you therefore, brothers and sisters,[a] by the mercies of God, to present your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and acceptable to God, which is your spiritual[b] worship. Do not be conformed to this world,[c] but be transformed by the renewing of your minds, so that you may discern what is the will of God—what is good and acceptable and perfect.[d]

For by the grace given to me I say to everyone among you not to think of yourself more highly than you ought to think, but to think with sober judgment, each according to the measure of faith that God has assigned. For as in one body we have many members, and not all the members have the same function, so we, who are many, are one body in Christ, and individually we are members one of another. We have gifts that differ according to the grace given to us: prophecy, in proportion to faith; ministry, in ministering; the teacher, in teaching; the exhorter, in exhortation; the giver, in generosity; the leader, in diligence; the compassionate, in cheerfulness.

Marks of the True Christian

Let love be genuine; hate what is evil, hold fast to what is good; 10 love one another with mutual affection; outdo one another in showing honor. 11 Do not lag in zeal, be ardent in spirit, serve the Lord.[e] 12 Rejoice in hope, be patient in suffering, persevere in prayer. 13 Contribute to the needs of the saints; extend hospitality to strangers.

14 Bless those who persecute you; bless and do not curse them. 15 Rejoice with those who rejoice, weep with those who weep. 16 Live in harmony with one another; do not be haughty, but associate with the lowly;[f] do not claim to be wiser than you are. 17 Do not repay anyone evil for evil, but take thought for what is noble in the sight of all. 18 If it is possible, so far as it depends on you, live peaceably with all. 19 Beloved, never avenge yourselves, but leave room for the wrath of God;[g] for it is written, “Vengeance is mine, I will repay, says the Lord.” 20 No, “if your enemies are hungry, feed them; if they are thirsty, give them something to drink; for by doing this you will heap burning coals on their heads.” 21 Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good.

Being Subject to Authorities

13 Let every person be subject to the governing authorities; for there is no authority except from God, and those authorities that exist have been instituted by God. Therefore whoever resists authority resists what God has appointed, and those who resist will incur judgment. For rulers are not a terror to good conduct, but to bad. Do you wish to have no fear of the authority? Then do what is good, and you will receive its approval; for it is God’s servant for your good. But if you do what is wrong, you should be afraid, for the authority[h] does not bear the sword in vain! It is the servant of God to execute wrath on the wrongdoer. Therefore one must be subject, not only because of wrath but also because of conscience. For the same reason you also pay taxes, for the authorities are God’s servants, busy with this very thing. Pay to all what is due them—taxes to whom taxes are due, revenue to whom revenue is due, respect to whom respect is due, honor to whom honor is due.

Love for One Another

Owe no one anything, except to love one another; for the one who loves another has fulfilled the law. The commandments, “You shall not commit adultery; You shall not murder; You shall not steal; You shall not covet”; and any other commandment, are summed up in this word, “Love your neighbor as yourself.” 10 Love does no wrong to a neighbor; therefore, love is the fulfilling of the law.

An Urgent Appeal

11 Besides this, you know what time it is, how it is now the moment for you to wake from sleep. For salvation is nearer to us now than when we became believers; 12 the night is far gone, the day is near. Let us then lay aside the works of darkness and put on the armor of light; 13 let us live honorably as in the day, not in reveling and drunkenness, not in debauchery and licentiousness, not in quarreling and jealousy. 14 Instead, put on the Lord Jesus Christ, and make no provision for the flesh, to gratify its desires.

Do Not Judge Another

14 Welcome those who are weak in faith,[i] but not for the purpose of quarreling over opinions. Some believe in eating anything, while the weak eat only vegetables. Those who eat must not despise those who abstain, and those who abstain must not pass judgment on those who eat; for God has welcomed them. Who are you to pass judgment on servants of another? It is before their own lord that they stand or fall. And they will be upheld, for the Lord[j] is able to make them stand.

Some judge one day to be better than another, while others judge all days to be alike. Let all be fully convinced in their own minds. Those who observe the day, observe it in honor of the Lord. Also those who eat, eat in honor of the Lord, since they give thanks to God; while those who abstain, abstain in honor of the Lord and give thanks to God.

We do not live to ourselves, and we do not die to ourselves. If we live, we live to the Lord, and if we die, we die to the Lord; so then, whether we live or whether we die, we are the Lord’s. For to this end Christ died and lived again, so that he might be Lord of both the dead and the living.

10 Why do you pass judgment on your brother or sister?[k] Or you, why do you despise your brother or sister?[l] For we will all stand before the judgment seat of God.[m] 11 For it is written,

“As I live, says the Lord, every knee shall bow to me,
    and every tongue shall give praise to[n] God.”

12 So then, each of us will be accountable to God.[o]

Do Not Make Another Stumble

13 Let us therefore no longer pass judgment on one another, but resolve instead never to put a stumbling block or hindrance in the way of another.[p] 14 I know and am persuaded in the Lord Jesus that nothing is unclean in itself; but it is unclean for anyone who thinks it unclean. 15 If your brother or sister[q] is being injured by what you eat, you are no longer walking in love. Do not let what you eat cause the ruin of one for whom Christ died. 16 So do not let your good be spoken of as evil. 17 For the kingdom of God is not food and drink but righteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Spirit. 18 The one who thus serves Christ is acceptable to God and has human approval. 19 Let us then pursue what makes for peace and for mutual upbuilding. 20 Do not, for the sake of food, destroy the work of God. Everything is indeed clean, but it is wrong for you to make others fall by what you eat; 21 it is good not to eat meat or drink wine or do anything that makes your brother or sister[r] stumble.[s] 22 The faith that you have, have as your own conviction before God. Blessed are those who have no reason to condemn themselves because of what they approve. 23 But those who have doubts are condemned if they eat, because they do not act from faith;[t] for whatever does not proceed from faith[u] is sin.[v]

Please Others, Not Yourselves

15 We who are strong ought to put up with the failings of the weak, and not to please ourselves. Each of us must please our neighbor for the good purpose of building up the neighbor. For Christ did not please himself; but, as it is written, “The insults of those who insult you have fallen on me.” For whatever was written in former days was written for our instruction, so that by steadfastness and by the encouragement of the scriptures we might have hope. May the God of steadfastness and encouragement grant you to live in harmony with one another, in accordance with Christ Jesus, so that together you may with one voice glorify the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ.

The Gospel for Jews and Gentiles Alike

Welcome one another, therefore, just as Christ has welcomed you, for the glory of God. For I tell you that Christ has become a servant of the circumcised on behalf of the truth of God in order that he might confirm the promises given to the patriarchs, and in order that the Gentiles might glorify God for his mercy. As it is written,

“Therefore I will confess[w] you among the Gentiles,
    and sing praises to your name”;

10 and again he says,

“Rejoice, O Gentiles, with his people”;

11 and again,

“Praise the Lord, all you Gentiles,
    and let all the peoples praise him”;

12 and again Isaiah says,

“The root of Jesse shall come,
    the one who rises to rule the Gentiles;
in him the Gentiles shall hope.”

13 May the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace in believing, so that you may abound in hope by the power of the Holy Spirit.

Paul’s Reason for Writing So Boldly

14 I myself feel confident about you, my brothers and sisters,[x] that you yourselves are full of goodness, filled with all knowledge, and able to instruct one another. 15 Nevertheless on some points I have written to you rather boldly by way of reminder, because of the grace given me by God 16 to be a minister of Christ Jesus to the Gentiles in the priestly service of the gospel of God, so that the offering of the Gentiles may be acceptable, sanctified by the Holy Spirit. 17 In Christ Jesus, then, I have reason to boast of my work for God. 18 For I will not venture to speak of anything except what Christ has accomplished[y] through me to win obedience from the Gentiles, by word and deed, 19 by the power of signs and wonders, by the power of the Spirit of God,[z] so that from Jerusalem and as far around as Illyricum I have fully proclaimed the good news[aa] of Christ. 20 Thus I make it my ambition to proclaim the good news,[ab] not where Christ has already been named, so that I do not build on someone else’s foundation, 21 but as it is written,

“Those who have never been told of him shall see,
    and those who have never heard of him shall understand.”

Paul’s Plan to Visit Rome

22 This is the reason that I have so often been hindered from coming to you. 23 But now, with no further place for me in these regions, I desire, as I have for many years, to come to you 24 when I go to Spain. For I do hope to see you on my journey and to be sent on by you, once I have enjoyed your company for a little while. 25 At present, however, I am going to Jerusalem in a ministry to the saints; 26 for Macedonia and Achaia have been pleased to share their resources with the poor among the saints at Jerusalem. 27 They were pleased to do this, and indeed they owe it to them; for if the Gentiles have come to share in their spiritual blessings, they ought also to be of service to them in material things. 28 So, when I have completed this, and have delivered to them what has been collected,[ac] I will set out by way of you to Spain; 29 and I know that when I come to you, I will come in the fullness of the blessing[ad] of Christ.

30 I appeal to you, brothers and sisters,[ae] by our Lord Jesus Christ and by the love of the Spirit, to join me in earnest prayer to God on my behalf, 31 that I may be rescued from the unbelievers in Judea, and that my ministry[af] to Jerusalem may be acceptable to the saints, 32 so that by God’s will I may come to you with joy and be refreshed in your company. 33 The God of peace be with all of you.[ag] Amen.

Footnotes

  1. Romans 12:1 Gk brothers
  2. Romans 12:1 Or reasonable
  3. Romans 12:2 Gk age
  4. Romans 12:2 Or what is the good and acceptable and perfect will of God
  5. Romans 12:11 Other ancient authorities read serve the opportune time
  6. Romans 12:16 Or give yourselves to humble tasks
  7. Romans 12:19 Gk the wrath
  8. Romans 13:4 Gk it
  9. Romans 14:1 Or conviction
  10. Romans 14:4 Other ancient authorities read for God
  11. Romans 14:10 Gk brother
  12. Romans 14:10 Gk brother
  13. Romans 14:10 Other ancient authorities read of Christ
  14. Romans 14:11 Or confess
  15. Romans 14:12 Other ancient authorities lack to God
  16. Romans 14:13 Gk of a brother
  17. Romans 14:15 Gk brother
  18. Romans 14:21 Gk brother
  19. Romans 14:21 Other ancient authorities add or be upset or be weakened
  20. Romans 14:23 Or conviction
  21. Romans 14:23 Or conviction
  22. Romans 14:23 Other authorities, some ancient, add here 16.25–27
  23. Romans 15:9 Or thank
  24. Romans 15:14 Gk brothers
  25. Romans 15:18 Gk speak of those things that Christ has not accomplished
  26. Romans 15:19 Other ancient authorities read of the Spirit or of the Holy Spirit
  27. Romans 15:19 Or gospel
  28. Romans 15:20 Or gospel
  29. Romans 15:28 Gk have sealed to them this fruit
  30. Romans 15:29 Other ancient authorities add of the gospel
  31. Romans 15:30 Gk brothers
  32. Romans 15:31 Other ancient authorities read my bringing of a gift
  33. Romans 15:33 One ancient authority adds 16.25–27 here