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[a] 17 So faith comes from hearing, and hearing by the word of Messiah.

18 But I say, have they never heard? Indeed they have, for

“Their voice has gone out into all the earth,
    and their words to the ends of the world.”[b]

19 But I say, did Israel not understand? First Moses says,

“I will provoke you to jealousy
        by those who are not a nation,
    with a nation empty of understanding
    I will vex you.”[c]
20 And Isaiah is so bold as to say,
“I was found by those who did not seek Me;
I became visible to those who did not ask for Me.”[d]
21 But about Israel He says,
“All day long I stretched forth My hands
    to a disobedient and contrary people.”[e]

Israel Not Rejected

11 I say then, God has not rejected His people, has He?[f] May it never be! For I too am an Israelite, of the seed of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin. God has not rejected His people whom He knew beforehand.[g] Or do you not know what the Scripture says about Elijah, how he pleads with God against Israel? Adonai, they have killed your prophets, they have destroyed your altars; I alone am left, and they are seeking my life.” [h] But what is the divine response to him? “I have kept for Myself seven thousand men who have not bowed the knee to Baal.” [i] So in the same way also at this present time there has come to be a remnant[j] according to God’s gracious choice. But if it is by grace, it is no longer by works; otherwise grace would no longer be grace.

What then? What Israel is seeking, it has not obtained; but the elect obtained it, and the rest were hardened— just as it is written,

“God gave them a spirit of stupor,
    eyes not to see and ears not to hear,
        until this very day.”[k]

And David says,

“Let their table become a snare and a trap,
    a stumbling block and a retribution for them.
10 Let their eyes be darkened so they do not see,
    and bend their back continually.”[l]

11 I say then, they did not stumble so as to fall, did they?[m] May it never be! But by their false step salvation has come to the Gentiles, to provoke Israel to jealousy. [n] 12 Now if their transgression leads to riches for the world, and their loss riches for the Gentiles, then how much more their fullness!

19 Never take your own revenge, loved ones, but give room for God’s wrath—for it is written, “Vengeance is Mine; I will repay,”[a] says Adonai.

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and for the Gentiles to glorify God for His mercy. As it is written,

“For this reason I will give You praise among the Gentiles,
    and I will sing to Your name.”[a]

10 And again it says,
“Rejoice, O Gentiles, with His people.”[b]

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