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Abraham, justificado por la fe

¿Entonces, qué podemos decir con respecto a Abraham, nuestro antepasado como pueblo judío?

Si Dios lo hubiera hecho justo por las buenas obras que realizó, tendría motivos para sentirse orgulloso, aunque no ante de Dios.

En efecto, las Escrituras dicen que Abraham creyó a Dios, y por eso Dios lo declaró justo.

Quien trabaja recibe su paga no como un regalo sino como algo que se ganó. En cambio, quien no hace obras para que Dios lo considere bueno, pero cree que Dios lo hace justo por creer, esa fe se le cuenta para declararlo justo.

David se refirió a esto al describir la alegría de la persona a quien Dios declara inocente sin haber hecho nada para merecerlo.

«Dichosos», dijo, «aquellos cuyos pecados han sido perdonados y olvidados.

Sí, dichosa la persona a quien el Señor no le toma en cuenta los pecados».

¿Es esta dicha sólo para los judíos o también para todos? Ya hemos afirmado que a Abraham Dios lo hizo justo por la fe.

10 ¿Cuándo sucedió eso? Fue antes de hacerse judío, es decir, antes que lo circuncidaran.

11 Primero creyó y luego fue circuncidado. Y esa circuncisión fue como un sello, como una señal de que Dios lo había hecho justo por creer en él. Sucedió así para que Abraham fuera el padre de todos los creyentes que nunca han sido circuncidados, para mostrarles que ellos pueden ser declarados justos al creer en Dios.

12 Abraham, por supuesto, es también padre de quienes, además de estar circuncidados, siguen el ejemplo de la fe que tuvo cuando aún no se había circuncidado.

13 Está claro que Dios prometió otorgar toda la tierra a Abraham y a su descendencia, no en virtud de su obediencia a la ley, sino en virtud de la justicia que viene por la fe.

14 Porque si los que reciben la herencia son los que obedecen la ley, entonces la promesa de Dios carece de valor y es una tontería tener fe.

15 Lo cierto es que, cuando tratamos de guardar la ley, nos buscamos la ira de Dios. ¡La única forma de no quebrantar la ley sería no teniendo ninguna ley que quebrantar!

16 Por eso, la promesa de Dios se obtiene por fe y es un regalo que no merecemos. Y es también por eso por lo que estamos seguros de recibirla todos los hijos de Abraham, tanto los que se basan en la ley como los que tenemos una fe como la que él tuvo, pues Abraham es padre de todos nosotros. 17 Con razón dicen las Escrituras: «Te he hecho padre de muchas naciones».

¡Y es una promesa del mismo Dios en quien Abraham creyó! ¡Es el Dios que hace que los muertos resuciten y que es capaz de hacer que las cosas que aún no existen lleguen a existir!

18 Por eso, cuando Dios le dijo a Abraham que le iba a dar una descendencia numerosa, Abraham lo creyó y tuvo esperanza, aun cuando aquello parecía imposible. Y así llegó a ser padre de muchas naciones.

19 Y su fe no se debilitó ni él se preocupó de que, a la edad de cien años, fuera demasiado viejo para ser padre. Tampoco le dio importancia al hecho de que su esposa Sara fuera estéril.

20 Abraham no fue incrédulo a la promesa de Dios ni dudó jamás. Al contrario, fortaleció su fe y así le dio gloria a Dios y le dio las gracias por aquella bendición antes que se produjera. 21 ¡Estaba completamente seguro de que Dios cumple sus promesas!

22 En vista de esa fe, Dios lo declaró justo.

23 Pero esto de ser aceptado por la fe se escribió no sólo para hablar de Abraham. 24 También se escribió acerca de nosotros, que creemos en el Dios que levantó a Jesús, nuestro Señor, de entre los muertos. También nosotros seremos declarados justos por la fe en el Señor.

25 Él murió por nuestros pecados y resucitó para poder presentarnos justos ante Dios.

Abraham Justified by Faith(A)

What then shall we say that (B)Abraham our (C)father[a] has found according to the flesh? For if Abraham was (D)justified by works, he has something to boast about, but not before God. For what does the Scripture say? (E)“Abraham believed God, and it was [b]accounted to him for righteousness.” Now (F)to him who works, the wages are not counted [c]as grace but as debt.

David Celebrates the Same Truth

But to him who (G)does not work but believes on Him who justifies (H)the ungodly, his faith is accounted for righteousness, just as David also (I)describes the blessedness of the man to whom God imputes righteousness apart from works:

“Blessed(J) are those whose lawless deeds are forgiven,
And whose sins are covered;
Blessed is the man to whom the Lord shall not impute sin.”

Abraham Justified Before Circumcision

Does this blessedness then come upon the circumcised only, or upon the uncircumcised also? For we say that faith was accounted to Abraham for righteousness. 10 How then was it accounted? While he was circumcised, or uncircumcised? Not while circumcised, but while uncircumcised. 11 And (K)he received the sign of circumcision, a seal of the righteousness of the faith which he had while still uncircumcised, that (L)he might be the father of all those who believe, though they are uncircumcised, that righteousness might be imputed to them also, 12 and the father of circumcision to those who not only are of the circumcision, but who also walk in the steps of the faith which our father (M)Abraham had while still uncircumcised.

The Promise Granted Through Faith

13 For the promise that he would be the (N)heir of the world was not to Abraham or to his seed through the law, but through the righteousness of faith. 14 For (O)if those who are of the law are heirs, faith is made void and the promise made of no effect, 15 because (P)the law brings about wrath; for where there is no law there is no transgression.

16 Therefore it is of faith that it might be (Q)according to grace, (R)so that the promise might be [d]sure to all the seed, not only to those who are of the law, but also to those who are of the faith of Abraham, (S)who is the father of us all 17 (as it is written, (T)“I have made you a father of many nations”) in the presence of Him whom he believed—God, (U)who gives life to the dead and calls those (V)things which do not exist as though they did; 18 who, contrary to hope, in hope believed, so that he became the father of many nations, according to what was spoken, (W)“So shall your descendants be.” 19 And not being weak in faith, (X)he did not consider his own body, already dead (since he was about a hundred years old), (Y)and the deadness of Sarah’s womb. 20 He did not waver at the promise of God through unbelief, but was strengthened in faith, giving glory to God, 21 and being fully convinced that what He had promised (Z)He was also able to perform. 22 And therefore (AA)“it was accounted to him for righteousness.”

23 Now (AB)it was not written for his sake alone that it was imputed to him, 24 but also for us. It shall be imputed to us who believe (AC)in Him who raised up Jesus our Lord from the dead, 25 (AD)who was delivered up because of our offenses, and (AE)was raised because of our justification.

Footnotes

  1. Romans 4:1 Or (fore)father according to the flesh has found?
  2. Romans 4:3 imputed, credited, reckoned, counted
  3. Romans 4:4 according to
  4. Romans 4:16 certain

Abraham Justified by Faith

What then shall we say(A) that Abraham, our forefather according to the flesh,(B) discovered in this matter? If, in fact, Abraham was justified by works, he had something to boast about—but not before God.(C) What does Scripture say? “Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness.”[a](D)

Now to the one who works, wages are not credited as a gift(E) but as an obligation. However, to the one who does not work but trusts God who justifies the ungodly, their faith is credited as righteousness.(F) David says the same thing when he speaks of the blessedness of the one to whom God credits righteousness apart from works:

“Blessed are those
    whose transgressions are forgiven,
    whose sins are covered.
Blessed is the one
    whose sin the Lord will never count against them.”[b](G)

Is this blessedness only for the circumcised, or also for the uncircumcised?(H) We have been saying that Abraham’s faith was credited to him as righteousness.(I) 10 Under what circumstances was it credited? Was it after he was circumcised, or before? It was not after, but before! 11 And he received circumcision as a sign, a seal of the righteousness that he had by faith while he was still uncircumcised.(J) So then, he is the father(K) of all who believe(L) but have not been circumcised, in order that righteousness might be credited to them. 12 And he is then also the father of the circumcised who not only are circumcised but who also follow in the footsteps of the faith that our father Abraham had before he was circumcised.

13 It was not through the law that Abraham and his offspring received the promise(M) that he would be heir of the world,(N) but through the righteousness that comes by faith.(O) 14 For if those who depend on the law are heirs, faith means nothing and the promise is worthless,(P) 15 because the law brings wrath.(Q) And where there is no law there is no transgression.(R)

16 Therefore, the promise comes by faith, so that it may be by grace(S) and may be guaranteed(T) to all Abraham’s offspring—not only to those who are of the law but also to those who have the faith of Abraham. He is the father of us all.(U) 17 As it is written: “I have made you a father of many nations.”[c](V) He is our father in the sight of God, in whom he believed—the God who gives life(W) to the dead and calls(X) into being things that were not.(Y)

18 Against all hope, Abraham in hope believed and so became the father of many nations,(Z) just as it had been said to him, “So shall your offspring be.”[d](AA) 19 Without weakening in his faith, he faced the fact that his body was as good as dead(AB)—since he was about a hundred years old(AC)—and that Sarah’s womb was also dead.(AD) 20 Yet he did not waver through unbelief regarding the promise of God, but was strengthened(AE) in his faith and gave glory to God,(AF) 21 being fully persuaded that God had power to do what he had promised.(AG) 22 This is why “it was credited to him as righteousness.”(AH) 23 The words “it was credited to him” were written not for him alone, 24 but also for us,(AI) to whom God will credit righteousness—for us who believe in him(AJ) who raised Jesus our Lord from the dead.(AK) 25 He was delivered over to death for our sins(AL) and was raised to life for our justification.(AM)

Footnotes

  1. Romans 4:3 Gen. 15:6; also in verse 22
  2. Romans 4:8 Psalm 32:1,2
  3. Romans 4:17 Gen. 17:5
  4. Romans 4:18 Gen. 15:5