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Jephtah wird Richter in Israel

11 Nun war Jephtah[a], der Gileaditer, ein tapferer Held, aber er war der Sohn einer Hure; und zwar hatte Gilead den Jephtah gezeugt.

Als aber die Frau Gileads ihm Söhne gebar und die Söhne dieser Frau groß wurden, da stießen sie den Jephtah aus und sprachen zu ihm: Du sollst nicht erben im Haus unseres Vaters; denn du bist der Sohn einer anderen Frau!

Da floh Jephtah vor seinen Brüdern und wohnte im Land Tob; und nichtsnutzige Männer versammelten sich bei ihm und gingen mit ihm auf Streifzüge.

Und es geschah nach einiger Zeit, dass die Ammoniter mit Israel Krieg führten.

Als nun die Ammoniter mit Israel kämpften, gingen die Ältesten von Gilead hin, um Jephtah aus dem Land Tob zu holen.

Und sie sprachen zu Jephtah: Komm und sei unser Anführer, und wir wollen die Ammoniter bekämpfen!

Aber Jephtah sprach zu den Ältesten von Gilead: Habt ihr mich nicht einst gehasst und aus dem Haus meines Vaters gestoßen? Warum kommt ihr jetzt zu mir, da ihr in Not seid?

Und die Ältesten von Gilead sprachen zu Jephtah: Darum haben wir uns nun an dich gewandt, dass du mit uns gehst und gegen die Ammoniter kämpfst und unser Haupt bist, über alle, die in Gilead wohnen!

Da sprach Jephtah zu den Ältesten von Gilead: Wenn ihr mich zum Kampf gegen die Ammoniter zurückholt und der Herr sie vor mir preisgibt, werde ich dann wirklich euer Oberhaupt sein?

10 Und die Ältesten von Gilead sprachen zu Jephtah: Der Herr sei Zeuge zwischen uns, wenn wir nicht so handeln, wie du es gesagt hast!

11 Da ging Jephtah mit den Ältesten von Gilead, und das Volk setzte ihn zum Haupt und Anführer über sich. Und Jephtah redete alles, was er zu sagen hatte, vor dem Herrn in Mizpa.

Jephtahs Botschaft an die Ammoniter

12 Da sandte Jephtah Boten zum König der Ammoniter und ließ ihm sagen: Was hast du mit mir zu tun, dass du zu mir kommst, um gegen mein Land zu kämpfen?

13 Der König der Ammoniter aber antwortete den Boten Jephtahs: Weil Israel mein Land genommen hat, als es aus Ägypten zog, vom Arnon bis an den Jabbok und bis an den Jordan. So gib es mir nun in Frieden wieder zurück!

14 Jephtah aber sandte nochmals Boten zu dem König der Ammoniter.

15 Die sprachen zu ihm: So spricht Jephtah: Israel hat weder das Land der Moabiter noch das Land der Ammoniter genommen.

16 Denn als sie aus Ägypten zogen, wanderte Israel durch die Wüste bis an das Schilfmeer und kam nach Kadesch.

17 Da sandte Israel Boten zum König der Edomiter und sprach: Lass mich doch durch dein Land ziehen! Aber der König der Edomiter erhörte sie nicht. Auch zum König der Moabiter sandten sie; der wollte auch nicht.

18 So verblieb Israel in Kadesch und wanderte in der Wüste und umging das Land der Edomiter und das Land der Moabiter und kam vom Aufgang der Sonne her zum Land der Moabiter; und es lagerte sich jenseits des Arnon und kam nicht in das Gebiet der Moabiter; denn der Arnon ist die Grenze der Moabiter.

19 Und Israel sandte Boten zu Sihon, dem König der Amoriter, dem König von Hesbon, und Israel ließ ihm sagen: Lass uns doch durch dein Land bis zu meinem Ort ziehen!

20 Aber Sihon traute Israel nicht, dass er es durch sein Gebiet hätte ziehen lassen, sondern er versammelte sein ganzes Volk und lagerte sich bei Jahaz und kämpfte mit Israel.

21 Der Herr aber, der Gott Israels, gab den Sihon mit seinem ganzen Volk in die Hand Israels, sodass sie diese schlugen. So nahm Israel das ganze Land der Amoriter ein, die in jenem Land wohnten.

22 Und sie nahmen das ganze Gebiet der Amoriter ein, vom Arnon bis an den Jabbok und von der Wüste bis an den Jordan.

23 So hat nun der Herr, der Gott Israels, die Amoriter vor seinem Volk Israel vertrieben — und du willst es vertreiben?

24 Ist es nicht so: Wenn dein Gott Kemosch dir etwas einzunehmen gibt, nimmst du es nicht in Besitz? Was nun der Herr, unser Gott, vor uns vertrieben hat, das nehmen wir auch in Besitz!

25 Oder bist du etwa besser als Balak, der Sohn Zippors, der König der Moabiter? Hat der auch je mit Israel einen Rechtsstreit geführt oder gekämpft?

26 Da nun Israel 300 Jahre lang in Hesbon und seinen Tochterstädten, in Aroer und seinen Tochterstädten und in allen Städten, die am Arnon liegen, gewohnt hat, warum habt ihr sie ihnen nicht weggenommen während dieser Zeit?

27 Ich habe nicht gegen dich gesündigt, sondern du handelst böse an mir, dass du gegen mich Krieg führst! Der Herr, der Richter, soll heute ein Urteil fällen zwischen den Kindern Israels und den Kindern Ammons!

28 Aber der König der Ammoniter hörte nicht auf die Worte Jephtahs, die er ihm sagen ließ.

Die Niederlage der Ammoniter. Jephtahs Tochter

29 Da kam der Geist des Herrn auf Jephtah; und er zog durch Gilead und Manasse und durch Mizpa, das in Gilead liegt; und von Mizpa, das in Gilead liegt, zog er gegen die Ammoniter.

30 Und Jephtah gelobte dem Herrn ein Gelübde und sprach: Wenn du die Ammoniter in meine Hand gibst,

31 so soll das, was zu meiner Haustür heraus mir entgegenkommt, wenn ich in Frieden von den Ammonitern zurückkehre, dem Herrn gehören, und ich will es als Brandopfer darbringen!

32 So zog Jephtah gegen die Ammoniter, um gegen sie zu kämpfen. Und der Herr gab sie in seine Hand.

33 Und er schlug sie von Aroer an, bis man nach Minnit kommt, 20 Städte, und bis nach Abel-Keramim, in einer sehr großen Schlacht. So wurden die Kinder Ammons von den Kindern Israels gedemütigt.

34 Als nun Jephtah nach Mizpa zu seinem Haus kam, siehe, da trat seine Tochter heraus, ihm entgegen, mit Tamburinen und Reigen; sie war aber sein einziges Kind, und er hatte sonst weder Sohn noch Tochter.

35 Und es geschah, als er sie sah, da zerriss er seine Kleider und sprach: Ach, meine Tochter, wie tief beugst du mich nieder und wie betrübst du mich! Denn ich habe meinen Mund dem Herrn gegenüber aufgetan und kann es nicht widerrufen!

36 Sie aber sprach zu ihm: Mein Vater, hast du deinen Mund dem Herrn gegenüber aufgetan, so handle an mir, wie es aus deinem Mund gegangen ist, nachdem der Herr dich an deinen Feinden, den Ammonitern, gerächt hat!

37 Und sie sprach zu ihrem Vater: Das werde mir gestattet, dass du mir zwei Monate lang Zeit lässt, damit ich auf die Berge gehen und über meine Ehelosigkeit mit meinen Freundinnen weinen kann!

38 Und er sprach: Geh hin! Und er ließ sie zwei Monate lang frei. Da ging sie hin mit ihren Freundinnen und weinte auf den Bergen über ihre Ehelosigkeit.

39 Und nach zwei Monaten kam sie wieder zu ihrem Vater. Und er vollzog an ihr das Gelübde, das er gelobt hatte. Und sie hatte nie einen Mann erkannt.[b] Daher wurde es Brauch in Israel,

40 dass die Töchter Israels jährlich hingehen, um die Tochter Jephtahs, des Gileaditers, zu besingen, vier Tage im Jahr.

Footnotes

  1. (11,1) bed. »Er [Gott] tut auf / öffnet«.
  2. (11,39) od. sie erkannte keinen Mann. Viele Ausleger gehen davon aus, dass Jephtahs Tochter nicht geopfert wurde (was dem Gesetz widersprochen hätte), sondern dem Herrn als jungfräuliche Dienerin für das Heiligtum gegeben wurde.

11 Now Jephthah the Gileadite was a mighty man of valour, and he was the son of an harlot: and Gilead begat Jephthah.

And Gilead's wife bare him sons; and his wife's sons grew up, and they thrust out Jephthah, and said unto him, Thou shalt not inherit in our father's house; for thou art the son of a strange woman.

Then Jephthah fled from his brethren, and dwelt in the land of Tob: and there were gathered vain men to Jephthah, and went out with him.

And it came to pass in process of time, that the children of Ammon made war against Israel.

And it was so, that when the children of Ammon made war against Israel, the elders of Gilead went to fetch Jephthah out of the land of Tob:

And they said unto Jephthah, Come, and be our captain, that we may fight with the children of Ammon.

And Jephthah said unto the elders of Gilead, Did not ye hate me, and expel me out of my father's house? and why are ye come unto me now when ye are in distress?

And the elders of Gilead said unto Jephthah, Therefore we turn again to thee now, that thou mayest go with us, and fight against the children of Ammon, and be our head over all the inhabitants of Gilead.

And Jephthah said unto the elders of Gilead, If ye bring me home again to fight against the children of Ammon, and the Lord deliver them before me, shall I be your head?

10 And the elders of Gilead said unto Jephthah, The Lord be witness between us, if we do not so according to thy words.

11 Then Jephthah went with the elders of Gilead, and the people made him head and captain over them: and Jephthah uttered all his words before the Lord in Mizpeh.

12 And Jephthah sent messengers unto the king of the children of Ammon, saying, What hast thou to do with me, that thou art come against me to fight in my land?

13 And the king of the children of Ammon answered unto the messengers of Jephthah, Because Israel took away my land, when they came up out of Egypt, from Arnon even unto Jabbok, and unto Jordan: now therefore restore those lands again peaceably.

14 And Jephthah sent messengers again unto the king of the children of Ammon:

15 And said unto him, Thus saith Jephthah, Israel took not away the land of Moab, nor the land of the children of Ammon:

16 But when Israel came up from Egypt, and walked through the wilderness unto the Red sea, and came to Kadesh;

17 Then Israel sent messengers unto the king of Edom, saying, Let me, I pray thee, pass through thy land: but the king of Edom would not hearken thereto. And in like manner they sent unto the king of Moab: but he would not consent: and Israel abode in Kadesh.

18 Then they went along through the wilderness, and compassed the land of Edom, and the land of Moab, and came by the east side of the land of Moab, and pitched on the other side of Arnon, but came not within the border of Moab: for Arnon was the border of Moab.

19 And Israel sent messengers unto Sihon king of the Amorites, the king of Heshbon; and Israel said unto him, Let us pass, we pray thee, through thy land into my place.

20 But Sihon trusted not Israel to pass through his coast: but Sihon gathered all his people together, and pitched in Jahaz, and fought against Israel.

21 And the Lord God of Israel delivered Sihon and all his people into the hand of Israel, and they smote them: so Israel possessed all the land of the Amorites, the inhabitants of that country.

22 And they possessed all the coasts of the Amorites, from Arnon even unto Jabbok, and from the wilderness even unto Jordan.

23 So now the Lord God of Israel hath dispossessed the Amorites from before his people Israel, and shouldest thou possess it?

24 Wilt not thou possess that which Chemosh thy god giveth thee to possess? So whomsoever the Lord our God shall drive out from before us, them will we possess.

25 And now art thou any thing better than Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab? did he ever strive against Israel, or did he ever fight against them,

26 While Israel dwelt in Heshbon and her towns, and in Aroer and her towns, and in all the cities that be along by the coasts of Arnon, three hundred years? why therefore did ye not recover them within that time?

27 Wherefore I have not sinned against thee, but thou doest me wrong to war against me: the Lord the Judge be judge this day between the children of Israel and the children of Ammon.

28 Howbeit the king of the children of Ammon hearkened not unto the words of Jephthah which he sent him.

29 Then the Spirit of the Lord came upon Jephthah, and he passed over Gilead, and Manasseh, and passed over Mizpeh of Gilead, and from Mizpeh of Gilead he passed over unto the children of Ammon.

30 And Jephthah vowed a vow unto the Lord, and said, If thou shalt without fail deliver the children of Ammon into mine hands,

31 Then it shall be, that whatsoever cometh forth of the doors of my house to meet me, when I return in peace from the children of Ammon, shall surely be the Lord's, and I will offer it up for a burnt offering.

32 So Jephthah passed over unto the children of Ammon to fight against them; and the Lord delivered them into his hands.

33 And he smote them from Aroer, even till thou come to Minnith, even twenty cities, and unto the plain of the vineyards, with a very great slaughter. Thus the children of Ammon were subdued before the children of Israel.

34 And Jephthah came to Mizpeh unto his house, and, behold, his daughter came out to meet him with timbrels and with dances: and she was his only child; beside her he had neither son nor daughter.

35 And it came to pass, when he saw her, that he rent his clothes, and said, Alas, my daughter! thou hast brought me very low, and thou art one of them that trouble me: for I have opened my mouth unto the Lord, and I cannot go back.

36 And she said unto him, My father, if thou hast opened thy mouth unto the Lord, do to me according to that which hath proceeded out of thy mouth; forasmuch as the Lord hath taken vengeance for thee of thine enemies, even of the children of Ammon.

37 And she said unto her father, Let this thing be done for me: let me alone two months, that I may go up and down upon the mountains, and bewail my virginity, I and my fellows.

38 And he said, Go. And he sent her away for two months: and she went with her companions, and bewailed her virginity upon the mountains.

39 And it came to pass at the end of two months, that she returned unto her father, who did with her according to his vow which he had vowed: and she knew no man. And it was a custom in Israel,

40 That the daughters of Israel went yearly to lament the daughter of Jephthah the Gileadite four days in a year.

11 Jephthah(A) the Gileadite was a mighty warrior.(B) His father was Gilead;(C) his mother was a prostitute.(D) Gilead’s wife also bore him sons, and when they were grown up, they drove Jephthah away. “You are not going to get any inheritance in our family,” they said, “because you are the son of another woman.” So Jephthah fled from his brothers and settled in the land of Tob,(E) where a gang of scoundrels(F) gathered around him and followed him.

Some time later, when the Ammonites(G) were fighting against Israel, the elders of Gilead went to get Jephthah from the land of Tob. “Come,” they said, “be our commander, so we can fight the Ammonites.”

Jephthah said to them, “Didn’t you hate me and drive me from my father’s house?(H) Why do you come to me now, when you’re in trouble?”

The elders of Gilead said to him, “Nevertheless, we are turning to you now; come with us to fight the Ammonites, and you will be head(I) over all of us who live in Gilead.”

Jephthah answered, “Suppose you take me back to fight the Ammonites and the Lord gives them to me—will I really be your head?”

10 The elders of Gilead replied, “The Lord is our witness;(J) we will certainly do as you say.” 11 So Jephthah went with the elders(K) of Gilead, and the people made him head and commander over them. And he repeated(L) all his words before the Lord in Mizpah.(M)

12 Then Jephthah sent messengers to the Ammonite king with the question: “What do you have against me that you have attacked my country?”

13 The king of the Ammonites answered Jephthah’s messengers, “When Israel came up out of Egypt, they took away my land from the Arnon(N) to the Jabbok,(O) all the way to the Jordan. Now give it back peaceably.”

14 Jephthah sent back messengers to the Ammonite king, 15 saying:

“This is what Jephthah says: Israel did not take the land of Moab(P) or the land of the Ammonites.(Q) 16 But when they came up out of Egypt, Israel went through the wilderness to the Red Sea[a](R) and on to Kadesh.(S) 17 Then Israel sent messengers(T) to the king of Edom, saying, ‘Give us permission to go through your country,’(U) but the king of Edom would not listen. They sent also to the king of Moab,(V) and he refused.(W) So Israel stayed at Kadesh.

18 “Next they traveled through the wilderness, skirted the lands of Edom(X) and Moab, passed along the eastern side(Y) of the country of Moab, and camped on the other side of the Arnon.(Z) They did not enter the territory of Moab, for the Arnon was its border.

19 “Then Israel sent messengers(AA) to Sihon king of the Amorites, who ruled in Heshbon,(AB) and said to him, ‘Let us pass through your country to our own place.’(AC) 20 Sihon, however, did not trust Israel[b] to pass through his territory. He mustered all his troops and encamped at Jahaz and fought with Israel.(AD)

21 “Then the Lord, the God of Israel, gave Sihon and his whole army into Israel’s hands, and they defeated them. Israel took over all the land of the Amorites who lived in that country, 22 capturing all of it from the Arnon to the Jabbok and from the desert to the Jordan.(AE)

23 “Now since the Lord, the God of Israel, has driven the Amorites out before his people Israel, what right have you to take it over? 24 Will you not take what your god Chemosh(AF) gives you? Likewise, whatever the Lord our God has given us,(AG) we will possess. 25 Are you any better than Balak son of Zippor,(AH) king of Moab? Did he ever quarrel with Israel or fight with them?(AI) 26 For three hundred years Israel occupied(AJ) Heshbon, Aroer,(AK) the surrounding settlements and all the towns along the Arnon. Why didn’t you retake them during that time? 27 I have not wronged you, but you are doing me wrong by waging war against me. Let the Lord, the Judge,(AL) decide(AM) the dispute this day between the Israelites and the Ammonites.(AN)

28 The king of Ammon, however, paid no attention to the message Jephthah sent him.

29 Then the Spirit(AO) of the Lord came on Jephthah. He crossed Gilead and Manasseh, passed through Mizpah(AP) of Gilead, and from there he advanced against the Ammonites.(AQ) 30 And Jephthah made a vow(AR) to the Lord: “If you give the Ammonites into my hands, 31 whatever comes out of the door of my house to meet me when I return in triumph(AS) from the Ammonites will be the Lord’s, and I will sacrifice it as a burnt offering.(AT)

32 Then Jephthah went over to fight the Ammonites, and the Lord gave them into his hands. 33 He devastated twenty towns from Aroer to the vicinity of Minnith,(AU) as far as Abel Keramim. Thus Israel subdued Ammon.

34 When Jephthah returned to his home in Mizpah, who should come out to meet him but his daughter, dancing(AV) to the sound of timbrels!(AW) She was an only child.(AX) Except for her he had neither son nor daughter. 35 When he saw her, he tore his clothes(AY) and cried, “Oh no, my daughter! You have brought me down and I am devastated. I have made a vow to the Lord that I cannot break.(AZ)

36 “My father,” she replied, “you have given your word to the Lord. Do to me just as you promised,(BA) now that the Lord has avenged you(BB) of your enemies,(BC) the Ammonites. 37 But grant me this one request,” she said. “Give me two months to roam the hills and weep with my friends, because I will never marry.”

38 “You may go,” he said. And he let her go for two months. She and her friends went into the hills and wept because she would never marry. 39 After the two months, she returned to her father, and he did to her as he had vowed. And she was a virgin.

From this comes the Israelite tradition 40 that each year the young women of Israel go out for four days to commemorate the daughter of Jephthah the Gileadite.

Footnotes

  1. Judges 11:16 Or the Sea of Reeds
  2. Judges 11:20 Or however, would not make an agreement for Israel