Revelation 6:15
New English Translation
15 Then[a] the kings of the earth, the[b] very important people, the generals,[c] the rich, the powerful, and everyone, slave[d] and free, hid themselves in the caves and among the rocks of the mountains.
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- Revelation 6:15 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
- Revelation 6:15 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated; nor is it translated before each of the following categories, since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.
- Revelation 6:15 tn Grk “chiliarchs.” A chiliarch was normally a military officer commanding a thousand soldiers, but here probably used of higher-ranking commanders like generals (see L&N 55.15; cf. Rev 6:15).
- Revelation 6:15 tn See the note on the word “servants” in 1:1.
Revelation 11:12
New English Translation
12 Then[a] they[b] heard a loud voice from heaven saying to them: “Come up here!” So the two prophets[c] went up to heaven in a cloud while[d] their enemies stared at them.
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- Revelation 11:12 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
- Revelation 11:12 tn Though the nearest antecedent to the subject of ἤκουσαν (ēkousan) is the people (“those who were watching them”), it could also be (based on what immediately follows) that the two prophets are the ones who heard the voice.
- Revelation 11:12 tn Grk “they”; the referent (the two prophets) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- Revelation 11:12 tn The conjunction καί (kai) seems to be introducing a temporal clause contemporaneous in time with the preceding clause.
Revelation 11:13
New English Translation
13 Just then[a] a major earthquake took place and a tenth of the city collapsed; seven thousand people[b] were killed in the earthquake, and the rest were terrified and gave glory to the God of heaven.
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- Revelation 11:13 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
- Revelation 11:13 tn Grk “seven thousand names of men.”
Revelation 11:19
New English Translation
19 Then[a] the temple of God in heaven was opened and the ark of his covenant was visible within his temple. And there were flashes of lightning, roaring,[b] crashes of thunder, an earthquake, and a great hailstorm.[c]
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- Revelation 11:19 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
- Revelation 11:19 tn Or “sounds,” “voices.” It is not entirely clear what this refers to. BDAG 1071 s.v. φωνή 1 states, “In Rv we have ἀστραπαὶ καὶ φωναὶ καὶ βρονταί (cp. Ex 19:16) 4:5; 8:5; 11:19; 16:18 (are certain other sounds in nature thought of here in addition to thunder, as e.g. the roar of the storm?…).”
- Revelation 11:19 tn Although BDAG 1075 s.v. χάλαζα gives the meaning “hail” here, it is not clear whether the adjective μεγάλη (megalē) refers to the intensity of the storm or the size of the individual hailstones, or both.
Revelation 16:17-19
New English Translation
17 Finally[a] the seventh angel[b] poured out his bowl into the air and a loud voice came out of the temple from the throne, saying: “It is done!” 18 Then[c] there were flashes of lightning, roaring,[d] and crashes of thunder, and there was a tremendous earthquake—an earthquake unequaled since humanity[e] has been on the earth, so tremendous was that earthquake. 19 The[f] great city was split into three parts and the cities of the nations[g] collapsed.[h] So[i] Babylon the great was remembered before God, and was given the cup[j] filled with the wine made of God’s furious wrath.[k]
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- Revelation 16:17 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “finally” to indicate the conclusion of the seven bowl judgments.
- Revelation 16:17 tn Grk “the seventh”; the referent (the seventh angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- Revelation 16:18 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
- Revelation 16:18 tn Or “sounds,” “voices.” It is not entirely clear what this refers to. BDAG 1071 s.v. φωνή 1 states, “In Rv we have ἀστραπαὶ καὶ φωναὶ καὶ βρονταί (cp. Ex 19:16) 4:5; 8:5; 11:19; 16:18 (are certain other sounds in nature thought of here in addition to thunder, as e.g. the roar of the storm?…).”
- Revelation 16:18 tn The singular ἄνθρωπος (anthrōpos) is used generically here to refer to the human race.
- Revelation 16:19 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
- Revelation 16:19 tn Or “of the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).
- Revelation 16:19 tn Grk “fell.”
- Revelation 16:19 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of Babylon’s misdeeds (see Rev 14:8).
- Revelation 16:19 tn Grk “the cup of the wine of the anger of the wrath of him.” The concatenation of four genitives has been rendered somewhat differently by various translations (see the note on the word “wrath”).
- Revelation 16:19 tn Following BDAG 461 s.v. θυμός 2, the combination of the genitives of θυμός (thumos) and ὀργή (orgē) in Rev 16:19 and 19:15 are taken to be a strengthening of the thought as in the OT and Qumran literature (Exod 32:12; Jer 32:37; Lam 2:3; CD 10:9). Thus in Rev 14:8 (to which the present passage alludes) and 18:3 there is irony: The wine of immoral behavior with which Babylon makes the nations drunk becomes the wine of God’s wrath for her.
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