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18 take my advice[a] and buy gold from me refined by fire so you can become rich! Buy from me[b] white clothing so you can be clothed and your shameful nakedness[c] will not be exposed, and buy eye salve[d] to put on your eyes so you can see!

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Footnotes

  1. Revelation 3:18 tn Grk “I counsel you to buy.”
  2. Revelation 3:18 tn Grk “rich, and.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation, repeating the words “Buy from me” to make the connection clear for the English reader.
  3. Revelation 3:18 tn Grk “the shame of the nakedness of you,” which has been translated as an attributed genitive like καινότητι ζωῆς (kainotēti zōēs) in Rom 6:4 (ExSyn 89-90).
  4. Revelation 3:18 sn The city of Laodicea had a famous medical school and exported a powder (called a “Phrygian powder”) that was widely used as an eye salve. It was applied to the eyes in the form of a paste the consistency of dough (the Greek term for the salve here, κολλούριον, kollourion [Latin collyrium], is a diminutive form of the word for a long roll of bread).