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A contemplation by Asaph.

78 Hear my teaching, my people.
    Turn your ears to the words of my mouth.
I will open my mouth in a parable.
    I will utter dark sayings of old,
Which we have heard and known,
    and our fathers have told us.
We will not hide them from their children,
    telling to the generation to come the praises of Yahweh,
    his strength, and his wondrous deeds that he has done.
For he established a covenant in Jacob,
    and appointed a teaching in Israel,
    which he commanded our fathers,
    that they should make them known to their children;
that the generation to come might know, even the children who should be born;
    who should arise and tell their children,
that they might set their hope in God,
    and not forget God’s deeds,
    but keep his commandments,
and might not be as their fathers,
    a stubborn and rebellious generation,
    a generation that didn’t make their hearts loyal,
    whose spirit was not steadfast with God.
The children of Ephraim, being armed and carrying bows,
    turned back in the day of battle.
10 They didn’t keep God’s covenant,
    and refused to walk in his law.
11 They forgot his doings,
    his wondrous deeds that he had shown them.
12 He did marvelous things in the sight of their fathers,
    in the land of Egypt, in the field of Zoan.
13 He split the sea, and caused them to pass through.
    He made the waters stand as a heap.
14 In the daytime he also led them with a cloud,
    and all night with a light of fire.
15 He split rocks in the wilderness,
    and gave them drink abundantly as out of the depths.
16 He brought streams also out of the rock,
    and caused waters to run down like rivers.
17 Yet they still went on to sin against him,
    to rebel against the Most High in the desert.
18 They tempted God in their heart
    by asking food according to their desire.
19 Yes, they spoke against God.
    They said, “Can God prepare a table in the wilderness?
20 Behold, he struck the rock, so that waters gushed out,
    and streams overflowed.
Can he give bread also?
    Will he provide meat for his people?”
21 Therefore Yahweh heard, and was angry.
    A fire was kindled against Jacob,
    anger also went up against Israel,
22 because they didn’t believe in God,
    and didn’t trust in his salvation.
23 Yet he commanded the skies above,
    and opened the doors of heaven.
24 He rained down manna on them to eat,
    and gave them food from the sky.
25 Man ate the bread of angels.
    He sent them food to the full.
26 He caused the east wind to blow in the sky.
    By his power he guided the south wind.
27 He also rained meat on them as the dust,
    winged birds as the sand of the seas.
28 He let them fall in the middle of their camp,
    around their habitations.
29 So they ate, and were well filled.
    He gave them their own desire.
30 They didn’t turn from their cravings.
    Their food was yet in their mouths,
31     when the anger of God went up against them,
    killed some of their fattest,
    and struck down the young men of Israel.
32 For all this they still sinned,
    and didn’t believe in his wondrous works.
33 Therefore he consumed their days in vanity,
    and their years in terror.
34 When he killed them, then they inquired after him.
    They returned and sought God earnestly.
35 They remembered that God was their rock,
    the Most High God, their redeemer.
36 But they flattered him with their mouth,
    and lied to him with their tongue.
37 For their heart was not right with him,
    neither were they faithful in his covenant.
38 But he, being merciful, forgave iniquity, and didn’t destroy them.
    Yes, many times he turned his anger away,
    and didn’t stir up all his wrath.
39 He remembered that they were but flesh,
    a wind that passes away, and doesn’t come again.
40 How often they rebelled against him in the wilderness,
    and grieved him in the desert!
41 They turned again and tempted God,
    and provoked the Holy One of Israel.
42 They didn’t remember his hand,
    nor the day when he redeemed them from the adversary;
43 how he set his signs in Egypt,
    his wonders in the field of Zoan,
44 he turned their rivers into blood,
    and their streams, so that they could not drink.
45 He sent among them swarms of flies, which devoured them;
    and frogs, which destroyed them.
46 He also gave their increase to the caterpillar,
    and their labor to the locust.
47 He destroyed their vines with hail,
    their sycamore fig trees with frost.
48 He also gave over their livestock to the hail,
    and their flocks to hot thunderbolts.
49 He threw on them the fierceness of his anger,
    wrath, indignation, and trouble,
    and a band of angels of evil.
50 He made a path for his anger.
    He didn’t spare their soul from death,
    but gave their life over to the pestilence,
51 and struck all the firstborn in Egypt,
    the chief of their strength in the tents of Ham.
52 But he led out his own people like sheep,
    and guided them in the wilderness like a flock.
53 He led them safely, so that they weren’t afraid,
    but the sea overwhelmed their enemies.
54 He brought them to the border of his sanctuary,
    to this mountain, which his right hand had taken.
55 He also drove out the nations before them,
    allotted them for an inheritance by line,
    and made the tribes of Israel to dwell in their tents.
56 Yet they tempted and rebelled against the Most High God,
    and didn’t keep his testimonies,
57 but turned back, and dealt treacherously like their fathers.
    They were twisted like a deceitful bow.
58 For they provoked him to anger with their high places,
    and moved him to jealousy with their engraved images.
59 When God heard this, he was angry,
    and greatly abhorred Israel,
60 so that he abandoned the tent of Shiloh,
    the tent which he placed among men,
61 and delivered his strength into captivity,
    his glory into the adversary’s hand.
62 He also gave his people over to the sword,
    and was angry with his inheritance.
63 Fire devoured their young men.
    Their virgins had no wedding song.
64 Their priests fell by the sword,
    and their widows couldn’t weep.
65 Then the Lord awakened as one out of sleep,
    like a mighty man who shouts by reason of wine.
66 He struck his adversaries backward.
    He put them to a perpetual reproach.
67 Moreover he rejected the tent of Joseph,
    and didn’t choose the tribe of Ephraim,
68 But chose the tribe of Judah,
    Mount Zion which he loved.
69 He built his sanctuary like the heights,
    like the earth which he has established forever.
70 He also chose David his servant,
    and took him from the sheepfolds;
71 from following the ewes that have their young,
    he brought him to be the shepherd of Jacob, his people,
    and Israel, his inheritance.
72 So he was their shepherd according to the integrity of his heart,
    and guided them by the skillfulness of his hands.

Psalm 78

A psalm[a] of Asaph.

O my people, listen to my instructions.
    Open your ears to what I am saying,
    for I will speak to you in a parable.
I will teach you hidden lessons from our past—
    stories we have heard and known,
    stories our ancestors handed down to us.
We will not hide these truths from our children;
    we will tell the next generation
about the glorious deeds of the Lord,
    about his power and his mighty wonders.
For he issued his laws to Jacob;
    he gave his instructions to Israel.
He commanded our ancestors
    to teach them to their children,
so the next generation might know them—
    even the children not yet born—
    and they in turn will teach their own children.
So each generation should set its hope anew on God,
    not forgetting his glorious miracles
    and obeying his commands.
Then they will not be like their ancestors—
    stubborn, rebellious, and unfaithful,
    refusing to give their hearts to God.

The warriors of Ephraim, though armed with bows,
    turned their backs and fled on the day of battle.
10 They did not keep God’s covenant
    and refused to live by his instructions.
11 They forgot what he had done—
    the great wonders he had shown them,
12 the miracles he did for their ancestors
    on the plain of Zoan in the land of Egypt.
13 For he divided the sea and led them through,
    making the water stand up like walls!
14 In the daytime he led them by a cloud,
    and all night by a pillar of fire.
15 He split open the rocks in the wilderness
    to give them water, as from a gushing spring.
16 He made streams pour from the rock,
    making the waters flow down like a river!

17 Yet they kept on sinning against him,
    rebelling against the Most High in the desert.
18 They stubbornly tested God in their hearts,
    demanding the foods they craved.
19 They even spoke against God himself, saying,
    “God can’t give us food in the wilderness.
20 Yes, he can strike a rock so water gushes out,
    but he can’t give his people bread and meat.”
21 When the Lord heard them, he was furious.
    The fire of his wrath burned against Jacob.
    Yes, his anger rose against Israel,
22 for they did not believe God
    or trust him to care for them.
23 But he commanded the skies to open;
    he opened the doors of heaven.
24 He rained down manna for them to eat;
    he gave them bread from heaven.
25 They ate the food of angels!
    God gave them all they could hold.
26 He released the east wind in the heavens
    and guided the south wind by his mighty power.
27 He rained down meat as thick as dust—
    birds as plentiful as the sand on the seashore!
28 He caused the birds to fall within their camp
    and all around their tents.
29 The people ate their fill.
    He gave them what they craved.
30 But before they satisfied their craving,
    while the meat was yet in their mouths,
31 the anger of God rose against them,
    and he killed their strongest men.
    He struck down the finest of Israel’s young men.

32 But in spite of this, the people kept sinning.
    Despite his wonders, they refused to trust him.
33 So he ended their lives in failure,
    their years in terror.
34 When God began killing them,
    they finally sought him.
    They repented and took God seriously.
35 Then they remembered that God was their rock,
    that God Most High[b] was their redeemer.
36 But all they gave him was lip service;
    they lied to him with their tongues.
37 Their hearts were not loyal to him.
    They did not keep his covenant.
38 Yet he was merciful and forgave their sins
    and did not destroy them all.
Many times he held back his anger
    and did not unleash his fury!
39 For he remembered that they were merely mortal,
    gone like a breath of wind that never returns.

40 Oh, how often they rebelled against him in the wilderness
    and grieved his heart in that dry wasteland.
41 Again and again they tested God’s patience
    and provoked the Holy One of Israel.
42 They did not remember his power
    and how he rescued them from their enemies.
43 They did not remember his miraculous signs in Egypt,
    his wonders on the plain of Zoan.
44 For he turned their rivers into blood,
    so no one could drink from the streams.
45 He sent vast swarms of flies to consume them
    and hordes of frogs to ruin them.
46 He gave their crops to caterpillars;
    their harvest was consumed by locusts.
47 He destroyed their grapevines with hail
    and shattered their sycamore-figs with sleet.
48 He abandoned their cattle to the hail,
    their livestock to bolts of lightning.
49 He loosed on them his fierce anger—
    all his fury, rage, and hostility.
He dispatched against them
    a band of destroying angels.
50 He turned his anger against them;
    he did not spare the Egyptians’ lives
    but ravaged them with the plague.
51 He killed the oldest son in each Egyptian family,
    the flower of youth throughout the land of Egypt.[c]
52 But he led his own people like a flock of sheep,
    guiding them safely through the wilderness.
53 He kept them safe so they were not afraid;
    but the sea covered their enemies.
54 He brought them to the border of his holy land,
    to this land of hills he had won for them.
55 He drove out the nations before them;
    he gave them their inheritance by lot.
    He settled the tribes of Israel into their homes.

56 But they kept testing and rebelling against God Most High.
    They did not obey his laws.
57 They turned back and were as faithless as their parents.
    They were as undependable as a crooked bow.
58 They angered God by building shrines to other gods;
    they made him jealous with their idols.
59 When God heard them, he was very angry,
    and he completely rejected Israel.
60 Then he abandoned his dwelling at Shiloh,
    the Tabernacle where he had lived among the people.
61 He allowed the Ark of his might to be captured;
    he surrendered his glory into enemy hands.
62 He gave his people over to be butchered by the sword,
    because he was so angry with his own people—his special possession.
63 Their young men were killed by fire;
    their young women died before singing their wedding songs.
64 Their priests were slaughtered,
    and their widows could not mourn their deaths.

65 Then the Lord rose up as though waking from sleep,
    like a warrior aroused from a drunken stupor.
66 He routed his enemies
    and sent them to eternal shame.
67 But he rejected Joseph’s descendants;
    he did not choose the tribe of Ephraim.
68 He chose instead the tribe of Judah,
    and Mount Zion, which he loved.
69 There he built his sanctuary as high as the heavens,
    as solid and enduring as the earth.
70 He chose his servant David,
    calling him from the sheep pens.
71 He took David from tending the ewes and lambs
    and made him the shepherd of Jacob’s descendants—
    God’s own people, Israel.
72 He cared for them with a true heart
    and led them with skillful hands.

Footnotes

  1. 78:Title Hebrew maskil. This may be a literary or musical term.
  2. 78:35 Hebrew El-Elyon.
  3. 78:51 Hebrew in the tents of Ham.