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A contemplation by Asaph.

78 Hear my teaching, my people.
    Turn your ears to the words of my mouth.
I will open my mouth in a parable.
    I will utter dark sayings of old,
Which we have heard and known,
    and our fathers have told us.
We will not hide them from their children,
    telling to the generation to come the praises of Yahweh,
    his strength, and his wondrous deeds that he has done.
For he established a covenant in Jacob,
    and appointed a teaching in Israel,
    which he commanded our fathers,
    that they should make them known to their children;
that the generation to come might know, even the children who should be born;
    who should arise and tell their children,
that they might set their hope in God,
    and not forget God’s deeds,
    but keep his commandments,
and might not be as their fathers,
    a stubborn and rebellious generation,
    a generation that didn’t make their hearts loyal,
    whose spirit was not steadfast with God.
The children of Ephraim, being armed and carrying bows,
    turned back in the day of battle.
10 They didn’t keep God’s covenant,
    and refused to walk in his law.
11 They forgot his doings,
    his wondrous deeds that he had shown them.
12 He did marvelous things in the sight of their fathers,
    in the land of Egypt, in the field of Zoan.
13 He split the sea, and caused them to pass through.
    He made the waters stand as a heap.
14 In the daytime he also led them with a cloud,
    and all night with a light of fire.
15 He split rocks in the wilderness,
    and gave them drink abundantly as out of the depths.
16 He brought streams also out of the rock,
    and caused waters to run down like rivers.
17 Yet they still went on to sin against him,
    to rebel against the Most High in the desert.
18 They tempted God in their heart
    by asking food according to their desire.
19 Yes, they spoke against God.
    They said, “Can God prepare a table in the wilderness?
20 Behold, he struck the rock, so that waters gushed out,
    and streams overflowed.
Can he give bread also?
    Will he provide meat for his people?”
21 Therefore Yahweh heard, and was angry.
    A fire was kindled against Jacob,
    anger also went up against Israel,
22 because they didn’t believe in God,
    and didn’t trust in his salvation.
23 Yet he commanded the skies above,
    and opened the doors of heaven.
24 He rained down manna on them to eat,
    and gave them food from the sky.
25 Man ate the bread of angels.
    He sent them food to the full.
26 He caused the east wind to blow in the sky.
    By his power he guided the south wind.
27 He also rained meat on them as the dust,
    winged birds as the sand of the seas.
28 He let them fall in the middle of their camp,
    around their habitations.
29 So they ate, and were well filled.
    He gave them their own desire.
30 They didn’t turn from their cravings.
    Their food was yet in their mouths,
31     when the anger of God went up against them,
    killed some of their fattest,
    and struck down the young men of Israel.
32 For all this they still sinned,
    and didn’t believe in his wondrous works.
33 Therefore he consumed their days in vanity,
    and their years in terror.
34 When he killed them, then they inquired after him.
    They returned and sought God earnestly.
35 They remembered that God was their rock,
    the Most High God, their redeemer.
36 But they flattered him with their mouth,
    and lied to him with their tongue.
37 For their heart was not right with him,
    neither were they faithful in his covenant.
38 But he, being merciful, forgave iniquity, and didn’t destroy them.
    Yes, many times he turned his anger away,
    and didn’t stir up all his wrath.
39 He remembered that they were but flesh,
    a wind that passes away, and doesn’t come again.
40 How often they rebelled against him in the wilderness,
    and grieved him in the desert!
41 They turned again and tempted God,
    and provoked the Holy One of Israel.
42 They didn’t remember his hand,
    nor the day when he redeemed them from the adversary;
43 how he set his signs in Egypt,
    his wonders in the field of Zoan,
44 he turned their rivers into blood,
    and their streams, so that they could not drink.
45 He sent among them swarms of flies, which devoured them;
    and frogs, which destroyed them.
46 He also gave their increase to the caterpillar,
    and their labor to the locust.
47 He destroyed their vines with hail,
    their sycamore fig trees with frost.
48 He also gave over their livestock to the hail,
    and their flocks to hot thunderbolts.
49 He threw on them the fierceness of his anger,
    wrath, indignation, and trouble,
    and a band of angels of evil.
50 He made a path for his anger.
    He didn’t spare their soul from death,
    but gave their life over to the pestilence,
51 and struck all the firstborn in Egypt,
    the chief of their strength in the tents of Ham.
52 But he led out his own people like sheep,
    and guided them in the wilderness like a flock.
53 He led them safely, so that they weren’t afraid,
    but the sea overwhelmed their enemies.
54 He brought them to the border of his sanctuary,
    to this mountain, which his right hand had taken.
55 He also drove out the nations before them,
    allotted them for an inheritance by line,
    and made the tribes of Israel to dwell in their tents.
56 Yet they tempted and rebelled against the Most High God,
    and didn’t keep his testimonies,
57 but turned back, and dealt treacherously like their fathers.
    They were twisted like a deceitful bow.
58 For they provoked him to anger with their high places,
    and moved him to jealousy with their engraved images.
59 When God heard this, he was angry,
    and greatly abhorred Israel,
60 so that he abandoned the tent of Shiloh,
    the tent which he placed among men,
61 and delivered his strength into captivity,
    his glory into the adversary’s hand.
62 He also gave his people over to the sword,
    and was angry with his inheritance.
63 Fire devoured their young men.
    Their virgins had no wedding song.
64 Their priests fell by the sword,
    and their widows couldn’t weep.
65 Then the Lord awakened as one out of sleep,
    like a mighty man who shouts by reason of wine.
66 He struck his adversaries backward.
    He put them to a perpetual reproach.
67 Moreover he rejected the tent of Joseph,
    and didn’t choose the tribe of Ephraim,
68 But chose the tribe of Judah,
    Mount Zion which he loved.
69 He built his sanctuary like the heights,
    like the earth which he has established forever.
70 He also chose David his servant,
    and took him from the sheepfolds;
71 from following the ewes that have their young,
    he brought him to be the shepherd of Jacob, his people,
    and Israel, his inheritance.
72 So he was their shepherd according to the integrity of his heart,
    and guided them by the skillfulness of his hands.

Psalm 78

Lessons from Israel’s Past

A Maskil of Asaph.(A)

My people, hear my instruction;
listen to the words from my mouth.(B)
I will declare wise sayings;
I will speak mysteries from the past(C)
things we have heard and known
and that our ancestors have passed down to us.(D)
We will not hide them from their children,
but will tell a future generation
the praiseworthy acts of the Lord,
his might, and the wondrous works
he has performed.(E)
He established a testimony in Jacob
and set up a law in Israel,
which he commanded our ancestors
to teach to their children(F)
so that a future generation—
children yet to be born—might know.
They were to rise and tell their children(G)
so that they might put their confidence in God
and not forget God’s works,
but keep his commands.(H)
Then they would not be like their ancestors,
a stubborn and rebellious generation,
a generation whose heart was not loyal
and whose spirit was not faithful to God.(I)

The Ephraimite archers turned back
on the day of battle.(J)
10 They did not keep God’s covenant
and refused to live by his law.(K)
11 They forgot what he had done,
the wondrous works he had shown them.(L)
12 He worked wonders in the sight of their ancestors
in the land of Egypt, the territory of Zoan.(M)
13 He split the sea and brought them across;
the water stood firm like a wall.(N)
14 He led them with a cloud by day
and with a fiery light throughout the night.(O)
15 He split rocks in the wilderness
and gave them drink as abundant as the depths.(P)
16 He brought streams out of the stone
and made water flow down like rivers.(Q)

17 But they continued to sin against him,
rebelling in the desert against the Most High.(R)
18 They deliberately[a] tested God,
demanding the food they craved.(S)
19 They spoke against God, saying,
“Is God able to provide food in the wilderness?
20 Look! He struck the rock and water gushed out;
torrents overflowed.(T)
But can he also provide bread
or furnish meat for his people?” (U)
21 Therefore, the Lord heard and became furious;
then fire broke out against Jacob,
and anger flared up against Israel(V)
22 because they did not believe God
or rely on his salvation.(W)
23 He gave a command to the clouds above
and opened the doors of heaven.(X)
24 He rained manna for them to eat;
he gave them grain from heaven.(Y)
25 People[b] ate the bread of angels.[c]
He sent them an abundant supply of food.(Z)
26 He made the east wind blow in the skies
and drove the south wind by his might.(AA)
27 He rained meat on them like dust,
and winged birds like the sand of the seas.
28 He made them fall in the camp,
all around the tents.(AB)
29 The people ate and were completely satisfied,
for he gave them what they craved.(AC)
30 Before they had turned from what they craved,
while the food was still in their mouths,
31 God’s anger flared up against them,
and he killed some of their best men.
He struck down Israel’s fit young men.(AD)

32 Despite all this, they kept sinning
and did not believe his wondrous works.(AE)
33 He made their days end in futility,
their years in sudden disaster.(AF)
34 When he killed some of them,
the rest began to seek him;
they repented and searched for God.(AG)
35 They remembered that God was their rock,
the Most High God, their Redeemer.(AH)
36 But they deceived him with their mouths,
they lied to him with their tongues,(AI)
37 their hearts were insincere toward him,
and they were unfaithful to his covenant.(AJ)
38 Yet he was compassionate;
he atoned for their iniquity
and did not destroy them.
He often turned his anger aside
and did not unleash[d] all his wrath.(AK)
39 He remembered that they were only flesh,
a wind that passes and does not return.(AL)

40 How often they rebelled against him
in the wilderness
and grieved him in the desert.
41 They constantly tested God(AM)
and provoked the Holy One of Israel.(AN)
42 They did not remember his power shown
on the day he redeemed them from the foe,(AO)
43 when he performed his miraculous signs in Egypt
and his wonders in the territory of Zoan.(AP)
44 He turned their rivers into blood,
and they could not drink from their streams.(AQ)
45 He sent among them swarms of flies,(AR)
which fed on them,
and frogs, which devastated them.(AS)
46 He gave their crops to the caterpillar
and the fruit of their labor to the locust.(AT)
47 He killed their vines with hail
and their sycamore fig trees with a flood.
48 He handed over their livestock to hail
and their cattle to lightning bolts.(AU)
49 He sent his burning anger against them:
fury, indignation, and calamity—
a band of deadly messengers.[e](AV)
50 He cleared a path for his anger.
He did not spare them from death
but delivered their lives to the plague.(AW)
51 He struck all the firstborn(AX) in Egypt,
the first progeny of the tents of Ham.(AY)
52 He led his people out like sheep
and guided them like a flock in the wilderness.(AZ)
53 He led them safely, and they were not afraid;
but the sea covered their enemies.(BA)
54 He brought them to his holy territory,
to the mountain his right hand acquired.(BB)
55 He drove out nations before them.(BC)
He apportioned their inheritance by lot
and settled the tribes of Israel in their tents.(BD)

56 But they rebelliously tested the Most High God,
for they did not keep his decrees.(BE)
57 They treacherously turned away like their ancestors;
they became warped like a faulty bow.(BF)
58 They enraged him with their high places
and provoked his jealousy with their carved images.(BG)
59 God heard and became furious;
he completely rejected Israel.(BH)
60 He abandoned the tabernacle at Shiloh,
the tent where he resided among mankind.(BI)
61 He gave up his strength to captivity
and his splendor to the hand of a foe.(BJ)
62 He surrendered his people to the sword
because he was enraged with his heritage.(BK)
63 Fire consumed his chosen young men,
and his young women had no wedding songs.[f](BL)
64 His priests fell by the sword,
and the widows could not lament.(BM)

65 The Lord awoke as if from sleep,
like a warrior from the effects of wine.(BN)
66 He beat back his foes;
he gave them lasting disgrace.(BO)
67 He rejected the tent of Joseph
and did not choose the tribe of Ephraim.
68 He chose instead the tribe of Judah,
Mount Zion, which he loved.(BP)
69 He built his sanctuary like the heights,
like the earth that he established forever.(BQ)
70 He chose David his servant
and took him from the sheep pens;(BR)
71 he brought him from tending ewes
to be shepherd over his people Jacob—
over Israel, his inheritance.(BS)
72 He shepherded them with a pure heart
and guided them with his skillful hands.(BT)

Footnotes

  1. 78:18 Lit in their heart
  2. 78:25 Lit Man
  3. 78:25 Lit mighty ones
  4. 78:38 Or stir up
  5. 78:49 Or angels
  6. 78:63 Lit virgins were not praised