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Prayer for Help against Persecutors.

To the Chief Musician. A Psalm of David, to bring to remembrance.

70 O God, come quickly to save me;
O Lord, come quickly to help me!

Let those be ashamed and humiliated
Who seek my life;
Let them be turned back and humiliated
Who delight in my hurt.

Let them be turned back because of their shame and disgrace
Who say, “Aha, aha!”


May all those who seek You [as life’s first priority] rejoice and be glad in You;
May those who love Your salvation say continually,
“Let God be magnified!”

But I am afflicted and needy;
Come quickly to me, O God!
You are my help and my rescuer;
O Lord, do not delay.

Prayer of an Old Man for Rescue.

71 In you, O Lord, I have put my trust and confidently taken refuge;
Let me never be [a]put to shame.

In Your righteousness deliver me and rescue me;
Incline Your ear to me and save me.

Be to me a rock of refuge and a sheltering stronghold to which I may continually come;
You have given the commandment to save me,
For You are my rock and my fortress.

Rescue me, O my God, from the hand of the wicked (godless),
From the grasp of the unrighteous and ruthless man.

For You are my hope;
O Lord God, You are my trust and the source of my confidence from my youth.

Upon You have I relied and been sustained from my birth;
You are He who took me from my mother’s womb and You have been my benefactor from that day.
My praise is continually of You.


I am as a wonder to many,
For You are my strong refuge.

My mouth is filled with Your praise
And with Your glory all day long.

Do not cast me off nor send me away in the time of old age;
Do not abandon me when my strength fails and I am weak.
10 
For my enemies have spoken against me;
Those who watch for my life have consulted together,
11 
Saying, “God has abandoned him;
Pursue and seize him, for there is no one to rescue him.”

12 
O God, do not be far from me;
O my God, come quickly to help me!
13 
Let those who attack my life be ashamed and consumed;
Let them be covered with reproach and dishonor, who seek to injure me.
14 
But as for me, I will wait and hope continually,
And will praise You yet more and more.
15 
My mouth shall tell of Your righteousness
And of Your [deeds of] salvation all day long,
For their number is more than I know.
16 
I will come with the mighty acts of the Lord God [and in His strength];
I will make mention of Your righteousness, Yours alone.

17 
O God, You have taught me from my youth,
And I still declare Your wondrous works and miraculous deeds.
18 
And even when I am old and gray-headed, O God, do not abandon me,
Until I declare Your [mighty] strength to this generation,
Your power to all who are to come.
19 
Your righteousness, O God, reaches to the [height of the] heavens,
You who have done great things;
O God, who is like You, [who is Your equal]?
20 
You who have shown [b]me many troubles and distresses
Will revive and renew me again,
And will bring me up again from the depths of the earth.
21 
May You increase my greatness (honor)
And turn to comfort me.

22 
I will also praise You with the harp,
Your truth and faithfulness, O my God;
To You I will sing praises with the lyre,
O Holy One of Israel.
23 
My lips will shout for joy when I sing praises to You,
And my soul, which You have redeemed.
24 
My tongue also will speak of Your righteousness all day long;
For they are ashamed, for they are humiliated who seek my injury.

The Reign of the Righteous King.

A Psalm of Solomon.

72 Give the king [knowledge of] Your judgments, O God,
And [the spirit of] Your righteousness to the king’s son [to guide all his ways].

May he judge Your people with righteousness,
And Your afflicted with justice.(A)

The mountains will bring peace and prosperity to the people,
And the hills, in [the establishment of] righteousness.

May he bring justice to the poor among the people,
Save the children of the needy
And crush the oppressor,


Let them fear You [with awe-inspired reverence and worship You with obedience] while the sun endures,
And as long as the moon [reflects light], throughout all generations.

May he come down like rain on the mown grass,
Like showers that water the earth.

In his days may the righteous flourish,
And peace abound until the moon is no more.(B)


May he also rule from sea to sea
And from the River [Euphrates] to the ends of the earth.(C)

The nomads of the desert will bow before him,
And his enemies will [c]lick the dust.
10 
The kings of Tarshish and of the islands will bring offerings;
The kings of Sheba and Seba will offer gifts.
11 
Yes, all kings will bow down before him,
All nations will serve him.(D)

12 
For he will rescue the needy when he cries for help,
The afflicted and abused also, and him who has no helper.
13 
He will have compassion on the poor and needy,
And he will save the lives of the needy.
14 
He will redeem their life from oppression and fraud and violence,
And their blood will be precious in His sight.
15 
So may he live, and may the gold of Sheba be given to him;
And let them pray for him continually;
Let them bless and praise him all day long.

16 
There will be an abundance of grain in the soil on the top of the [d]mountains;
Its fruit will wave like [the cedars of] Lebanon,
And those of the city will flourish like grass of the earth.
17 
May his name endure forever;
May his name continue as long as the sun;
And let men bless themselves by him;
Let all nations call him blessed.

18 
Blessed be the Lord God, the God of Israel,
Who alone does wonderful things.
19 
Blessed be His glorious name forever;
And may the whole earth be filled with His glory.
Amen and Amen.

20 
The prayers of David son of Jesse are ended.

Book Three

The End of the Wicked Contrasted with That of the Righteous.

A Psalm of Asaph.

73 Truly God is good to Israel,
To those who are pure in heart.

But as for me, my feet came close to stumbling,
My steps had almost slipped.

For I was envious of the arrogant
As I saw the prosperity of the wicked.

For there are no pains in their death,
Their body is fat and pampered.

They are not in trouble as other men,
Nor are they plagued like mankind.

Therefore pride is their necklace;
Violence covers them like a garment [like a long, luxurious robe].

Their eye bulges from fatness [they have more than the heart desires];
The imaginations of their mind run riot [with foolishness].

They mock and wickedly speak of oppression;
They speak loftily [with malice].

They set their mouth against the heavens,
And their tongue swaggers through the earth.(E)

10 
Therefore his people return to this place,
And waters of abundance [offered by the irreverent] are [blindly] drunk by them.
11 
They say, “How does God know?
Is there knowledge [of us] with the Most High?”
12 
Behold, these are the ungodly,
Who always prosper and are at ease [in the world]; they have increased in wealth.
13 
Surely then in vain I have cleansed my heart
And washed my hands in innocence.(F)
14 
For all the day long have I been stricken,
And punished every morning.

15 
If I had said, “I will say this,” [and expressed my feelings],
I would have betrayed the generation of Your children.
16 
When I considered how to understand this,
It was too great an effort for me and too painful
17 
Until I came into the sanctuary of God;
Then I understood [for I considered] their end.
18 
Surely You set the wicked-minded and immoral on slippery places;
You cast them down to destruction.
19 
How they are destroyed in a moment!
They are completely swept away by sudden terrors!
20 
Like a dream [which seems real] until one awakens,
O Lord, when stirred, [You observe the wicked], You will despise their image.

21 
When my heart was embittered
And I was pierced within [as with the fang of an adder],
22 
Then I was senseless and ignorant;
I was like a beast before You.
23 
Nevertheless I am continually with You;
You have taken hold of my right hand.
24 
You will guide me with Your counsel,
And afterward receive me to honor and glory.

25 
Whom have I in heaven [but You]?
And besides You, I desire nothing on earth.
26 
My flesh and my heart may fail,
But God is the rock and strength of my heart and my portion forever.
27 
For behold, those who are far from You will perish;
You have destroyed all those who are unfaithful and have abandoned You.
28 
But as for me, it is good for me to draw near to God;
I have made the Lord God my refuge and placed my trust in Him,
That I may tell of all Your works.

An Appeal against the Devastation of the Land by the Enemy.

A skillful song, or a didactic or reflective poem, of Asaph.

74 O God, why have You rejected us forever?
Why does Your anger smoke against the sheep of Your pasture?

Remember Your congregation, which You have purchased of old,
Which You have redeemed to be the tribe of Your inheritance;
Remember Mount Zion, where You have dwelt.

Turn your footsteps [quickly] toward the perpetual ruins;
The enemy has damaged everything within the sanctuary.

In the midst of Your meeting place Your enemies have roared [with their battle cry];
They have set up their own emblems for signs [of victory].

It seems as if one had lifted up
An axe in a forest of trees [to set a record of destruction].

And now all the carved work [of the meeting place]
They smash with hatchets and hammers.

They have burned Your sanctuary to the ground;
They have profaned the dwelling place of Your [e]name.

They said in their heart, “Let us completely subdue them.”
They have burned all the meeting places of God in the land.

We do not see our symbols;
There is no longer any prophet [to guide us],
Nor does any among us know for how long.
10 
O God, how long will the adversary scoff?
Is the enemy to revile Your name forever?
11 
Why do You withdraw Your hand, even Your right hand [from judging the enemy]?
Remove Your hand from Your chest, destroy them!

12 
Yet God is my King of old,
Working salvation in the midst of the earth.
13 
You divided the [Red] Sea by Your strength;
You broke the heads of the [f]sea monsters in the waters.(G)
14 
You crushed the heads of [g]Leviathan (Egypt);
You gave him as food for the creatures of the wilderness.(H)
15 
You broke open fountains and streams;
You dried up ever-flowing rivers.(I)
16 
The day is Yours, the night also is Yours;
You have established and prepared the [heavenly] light and the sun.
17 
You have defined and established all the borders of the earth [the divisions of land and sea and of the nations];
You have made summer and winter.(J)

18 
Remember this, O Lord, the enemy has scoffed,
And a foolish and impious people has spurned Your name.
19 
Oh, do not hand over the soul of your turtledove to the wild beast;
Do not forget the life of Your afflicted forever.
20 
Consider the covenant [You made with Abraham],
For the dark places of the land are full of the habitations of violence.
21 
Let not the oppressed return dishonored;
Let the afflicted and needy praise Your name.

22 
Arise, O God, plead Your own cause;
Remember how the foolish man scoffs at You all day long.
23 
Do not forget the [clamoring] voices of Your adversaries,
The uproar of those who rise against You, which ascends continually [to Your ears].

God Abases the Proud, but Exalts the Righteous.

To the Chief Musician; set to [the tune of] “Do Not Destroy.” A Psalm of Asaph. A Song.

75 We give thanks and praise to You, O God, we give thanks,
For Your [wonderful works declare that Your] [h]name is near;
People declare Your wonders.

“When I select an appointed time,
I will judge with equity,” [says the Lord].

“The earth and all the inhabitants of it melt [in tumultuous times].
It is I who will steady its pillars. Selah.

“I said to the arrogant, ‘Do not boast;’
And to the wicked, ‘Do not lift up the horn [of self-glorification].

‘Do not lift up your [defiant and aggressive] horn on high,
Do not speak with a stiff neck.’”


For not from the east, nor from the west,
Nor from the desert comes exaltation.(K)

But God is the Judge;
He puts down one and lifts up another.

For a cup [of His wrath] is in the hand of the Lord, and the wine foams;
It is well mixed and fully spiced, and He pours out from it;
And all the wicked of the earth must drain it and drink down to its dregs.(L)


But as for me, I will declare it and rejoice forever;
I will sing praises to the God of Jacob.
10 
All the horns of the wicked He will cut off,
But the horns of the righteous will be lifted up.

The Victorious Power of the God of Jacob.

To the Chief Musician; on stringed instruments. A Psalm of Asaph. A Song.

76 God is known in Judah;
His name is great in Israel.

His tabernacle is in Salem (Jerusalem);
His dwelling place is in Zion.

There He broke the flaming arrows,
The shield, the sword, and the weapons of war. Selah.


You are glorious and resplendent,
More majestic than the mountains of prey.

The stouthearted have been stripped of their spoil,
They have slept the sleep [of death];
And none of the warriors could use his hands.

At Your rebuke, O God of Jacob,
Both rider and horse were cast into a dead sleep [of death].(M)

You, even You, are to be feared [with the submissive wonder of reverence];
Who may stand in Your presence when once You are angry?


You caused judgment to be heard from heaven;
The earth feared and was quiet

When God arose to [establish] judgment,
To save all the humble of the earth. Selah.
10 
For the wrath of man shall praise You;
With a remnant of wrath You will clothe and arm Yourself.

11 
Make vows to the Lord your God and fulfill them;
Let all who are around Him bring gifts to Him who is to be feared [with awe-inspired reverence].
12 
He will cut off the spirit of princes;
He is awesome and feared by the kings of the earth.

Comfort in Trouble from Recalling God’s Mighty Deeds.

To the Chief Musician; according to Jeduthun [one of David’s three chief musicians, founder of an official musical family]. A Psalm of Asaph.

77 My voice rises to God, and I will cry aloud;
My voice rises to God, and He will hear me.

In the day of my trouble I [desperately] sought the Lord;
In the night my hand was [i]stretched out [in prayer] without weariness;
My soul refused to be comforted.

I remember God; then I am disquieted and I groan;
I sigh [in prayer], and my spirit grows faint. Selah.

You have held my eyelids open;
I am so troubled that I cannot speak.

I have considered the ancient days,
The years [of prosperity] of long, long ago.

I will remember my song in the night;
I will meditate with my heart,
And my spirit searches:


Will the Lord reject forever?
And will He never be favorable again?

Has His lovingkindness ceased forever?
Have His promises ended for all time?

Has God forgotten to be gracious?
Or has He in anger withdrawn His compassion? Selah.
10 
And I said, “This is my grief,
That the right hand of the Most High has changed [and His lovingkindness is withheld].”

11 
I will [solemnly] remember the deeds of the Lord;
Yes, I will [wholeheartedly] remember Your wonders of old.
12 
I will meditate on all Your works
And thoughtfully consider all Your [great and wondrous] deeds.
13 
Your way, O God, is holy [far from sin and guilt].
What god is great like our God?
14 
You are the [awesome] God who works [powerful] wonders;
You have demonstrated Your power among the people.
15 
You have with Your [great] arm redeemed Your people,
The sons of Jacob and Joseph. Selah.

16 
The waters [of the Red Sea] saw You, O God;
The waters saw You, they were in anguish;
The deeps also trembled.
17 
The clouds poured down water;
The skies sent out a sound [of rumbling thunder];
Your arrows (lightning) flashed here and there.
18 
The voice of Your thunder was in the [j]whirlwind;
The lightnings illumined the world;
The earth trembled and shook.
19 
Your way [of escape for Your people] was through the sea,
And Your paths through the great waters,
And Your footprints were not traceable.
20 
You led Your people like a flock
By the hand of Moses and Aaron [to the promised goal].

God’s Guidance of His People in Spite of Their Unfaithfulness.

A skillful song, or a didactic or reflective poem, of Asaph.

78 Listen, O my people, to my teaching;
Incline your ears to the words of my mouth [and be willing to learn].

I will open my mouth in a parable [to instruct using examples];
I will utter dark and puzzling sayings of old [that contain important truth]—(N)

Which we have heard and known,
And our fathers have told us.

We will not hide them from their children,
But [we will] tell to the generation to come the praiseworthy deeds of the Lord,
And [tell of] His great might and power and the wonderful works that He has done.


For He established a testimony (a specific precept) in Jacob
And appointed a law in Israel,
Which He commanded our fathers
That they should teach to their children [the great facts of God’s transactions with Israel],

That the generation to come might know them, that the children still to be born
May arise and recount them to their children,

That they should place their confidence in God
And not forget the works of God,
But keep His commandments,

And not be like their fathers—
A stubborn and rebellious generation,
A generation that did not prepare its heart to know and follow God,
And whose spirit was not faithful to God.


The sons of Ephraim were armed as archers and carrying bows,
Yet they turned back in the day of battle.
10 
They did not keep the covenant of God
And refused to walk according to His law;
11 
And they forgot His [incredible] works
And His miraculous wonders that He had shown them.
12 
He did marvelous things in the sight of their fathers
In the land of Egypt, in the field of Zoan [where Pharaoh resided].
13 
He divided the [Red] Sea and allowed them to pass through it,
And He made the waters stand up like [water behind] a dam.(O)
14 
In the daytime He led them with a cloud
And all the night with a light of fire.(P)
15 
He split rocks in the wilderness
And gave them abundant [water to] drink like the ocean depths.
16 
He brought streams also from the rock [at Rephidim and Kadesh]
And caused waters to run down like rivers.(Q)

17 
Yet they still continued to sin against Him
By rebelling against the Most High in the desert.
18 
And in their hearts they put God to the test
By asking for food according to their [selfish] appetite.
19 
Then they spoke against God;
They said, “Can God prepare [food for] a table in the wilderness?
20 
“Behold, He struck the rock so that waters gushed out
And the streams overflowed;
Can He give bread also?
Or will He provide meat for His people?”

21 
Therefore, when the Lord heard, He was full of wrath;
A fire was kindled against Jacob,
And His anger mounted up against Israel,
22 
Because they did not believe in God [they did not rely on Him, they did not adhere to Him],
And they did not trust in His salvation (His power to save).
23 
Yet He commanded the clouds from above
And opened the doors of heaven;
24 
And He rained down manna upon them to eat
And gave them the grain of heaven.(R)
25 
Man ate the bread of angels;
God sent them provision in abundance.
26 
He caused the east wind to blow in the heavens
And by His [unlimited] power He guided the south wind.
27 
He rained meat upon them like the dust,
And winged birds (quail) like the sand of the seas.(S)
28 
And He let them fall in the midst of their camp,
Around their tents.
29 
So they ate and were well filled,
He gave them what they craved.
30 
Before they had satisfied their desire,
And while their food was in their mouths,(T)
31 
The wrath of God rose against them
And killed some of the strongest of them,
And subdued the choice young men of Israel.
32 
In spite of all this they still sinned,
For they did not believe in His wonderful and extraordinary works.
33 
Therefore He consumed their days like a breath [in emptiness and futility]
And their years in sudden terror.

34 
When He killed [some of] them, then those remaining sought Him,
And they returned [to Him] and searched diligently for God [for a time].
35 
And they remembered that God was their rock,
And the Most High God their Redeemer.
36 
Nevertheless they flattered Him with their mouths
And lied to Him with their tongues.
37 
For their heart was not steadfast toward Him,
Nor were they faithful to His covenant.(U)
38 
[k]But He, the source of compassion and lovingkindness, forgave their wickedness and did not destroy them;
Many times He restrained His anger
And did not stir up all His wrath.
39 
For He [graciously] remembered that they were mere [human] flesh,
A wind that goes and does not return.

40 
How often they rebelled against Him in the wilderness
And grieved Him in the desert!
41 
Again and again they tempted God,
And distressed the Holy One of Israel.
42 
They did not remember [the miracles worked by] His [powerful] hand,
Nor the day when He redeemed them from the enemy,
43 
How He worked His miracles in Egypt
And His wonders in the field of Zoan [where Pharaoh resided],
44 
And turned their rivers into blood,
And their streams, so that they could not drink.
45 
He sent among them swarms of flies which devoured them,
And frogs which destroyed them.
46 
He also gave their crops to the grasshopper,
And the fruit of their labor to the locust.
47 
He destroyed their vines with [great] hailstones
And their sycamore trees with frost.
48 
He gave over their cattle also to the hailstones,
And their flocks and herds to thunderbolts.(V)
49 
He sent upon them His burning anger,(W)
His fury and indignation and distress,
A band of angels of destruction [among them].
50 
He leveled a path for His anger [to give it free run];
He did not spare their souls from death,
But turned over their lives to the plague.
51 
He killed all the firstborn in Egypt,
The first and best of their strength in the tents [of the land of the sons] of Ham.
52 
But God led His own people forward like sheep
And guided them in the wilderness like [a good shepherd with] a flock.
53 
He led them safely, so that they did not fear;
But the sea engulfed their enemies.(X)

54 
So He brought them to His holy land,
To this mountain [Zion] which His right hand had acquired.
55 
He also drove out the nations before the sons of Israel
And allotted their land as an inheritance, measured out and partitioned;
And He had the tribes of Israel dwell in their tents [the tents of those who had been dispossessed].
56 
Yet they tempted and rebelled against the Most High God
And did not keep His testimonies (laws).
57 
They turned back and acted unfaithfully like their fathers;
They were twisted like a warped bow [that will not respond to the archer’s aim].
58 
For they provoked Him to [righteous] anger with their high places [devoted to idol worship]
And moved Him to jealousy with their carved images [by denying Him the love, worship, and obedience that is rightfully and uniquely His].
59 
When God heard this, He was filled with [righteous] wrath;
And utterly rejected Israel, [greatly hating her ways],
60 
So that He abandoned the tabernacle at Shiloh,
The tent in which He had dwelled among men,
61 
And gave up His strength and power (the ark of the covenant) into captivity,
And His glory into the hand of the enemy (the Philistines).(Y)
62 
He also handed His people over to the sword,
And was infuriated with His inheritance (Israel).(Z)
63 
The fire [of war] devoured His young men,
And His [bereaved] virgins had no wedding songs.
64 
His priests [Hophni and Phinehas] fell by the sword,
And His widows could not weep.(AA)

65 
Then the Lord awakened as from sleep,
Like a [mighty] warrior who awakens from the sleep of wine [fully conscious of his power].
66 
He drove His enemies backward;
He subjected them to lasting shame and dishonor.
67 
Moreover, He rejected the tent of Joseph,
And did not choose the tribe of Ephraim [in which the tabernacle stood].
68 
But He chose the tribe of Judah [as Israel’s leader],
Mount Zion, which He loved [to replace Shiloh as His capital].
69 
And He built His sanctuary [exalted] like the heights [of the heavens],
Like the earth which He has established forever.
70 
He also chose David His servant
And took him from the sheepfolds;(AB)
71 
[l]From [m]tending the ewes with nursing young He brought him
To shepherd Jacob His people,
And Israel His inheritance.(AC)
72 
So David shepherded them according to the integrity of his heart;
And guided them with his skillful hands.

A Lament over the Destruction of Jerusalem, and Prayer for Help.

A Psalm of Asaph.

79 O God, the nations have invaded [the land of Your people] Your inheritance;
They have defiled Your sacred temple;
They have laid Jerusalem in ruins.

They have given the dead bodies of Your servants as food to the birds of the heavens,
The flesh of Your godly ones to the beasts of the earth.

They have poured out their blood like water all around Jerusalem,
And there was no one to bury them.

We have become an object of taunting to our neighbors [because of our humiliation],
A derision and mockery to those who encircle us.

How long, O Lord? Will You be angry forever?
Will Your jealousy [which cannot endure a divided allegiance] burn like fire?

Pour out Your wrath on the [Gentile] nations that do not know You,
And on the kingdoms that do not call on Your name.(AD)

For they have devoured Jacob
And made his pasture desolate.


O do not remember against us the sins and guilt of our forefathers.
Let Your compassion and mercy come quickly to meet us,
For we have been brought very low.

Help us, O God of our salvation, for the glory of Your name;
Rescue us, forgive us our sins for Your name’s sake.
10 
Why should the [Gentile] nations say, “Where is their God?”
Let there be known [without delay] among the nations in our sight [and to this generation],
Your vengeance for the blood of Your servants which has been poured out.
11 
Let the groaning and sighing of the prisoner come before You;
According to the greatness of Your power keep safe those who are doomed to die.
12 
And return into the lap of our neighbors sevenfold
The taunts with which they have taunted You, O Lord.
13 
So we Your people, the sheep of Your pasture,
Will give You thanks forever;
We will declare and publish Your praise from generation to generation.

God Implored to Rescue His People from Their Calamities.

To the Chief Musician; set to [the tune of] “Lilies, a Testimony.” A Psalm of Asaph.

80 Hear us O Shepherd of Israel,
You who lead Joseph like a flock;
You who sit enthroned above the cherubim [of the ark of the covenant], shine forth!

Before [n]Ephraim and Benjamin and Manasseh, stir up Your power
And come to save us!

Restore us, O God;
Cause Your face to shine on us [with favor and approval], and we will be saved.


O Lord God of hosts,
How long will You be angry with the prayers of Your people?

You have fed them the bread of tears,
And You have made them drink [bitter] tears in abundance.

You make us an object of contention to our neighbors,
And our enemies laugh [at our suffering] among themselves.

Restore us, O God of hosts;
And cause Your face to shine on us [with favor and approval], and we will be saved.


You uprooted a vine (Israel) from Egypt;
You drove out the [Canaanite] nations and planted the vine [in Canaan].

You cleared away the ground before it,
And it took deep root and filled the land.
10 
The mountains were covered with its shadow,
And its branches were like the cedars of God.
11 
Israel sent out its branches to the [Mediterranean] Sea,
And its branches to the [Euphrates] River.(AE)
12 
Why have You broken down its [o]walls and hedges,
So that all who pass by pick its fruit?
13 
A boar from the woods eats it away,
And the insects of the field feed on it.

14 
Turn again [in favor to us], O God of hosts;
Look down from heaven and see, and take care of this vine,
15 
Even the stock which Your right hand has planted,
And [look down on] the son that You have reared and strengthened for Yourself.
16 
It is burned with fire, it is cut down;
They perish at the rebuke of Your [angry] appearance.
17 
Let Your hand be upon the man of Your right hand,
Upon the son of man whom You have made strong for Yourself.
18 
Then we shall not turn back from You;
Revive us and we will call on Your name.
19 
Restore us, O Lord God of hosts;
Cause Your face to shine on us [in favor and approval], and we shall be saved.

God’s Goodness and Israel’s Waywardness.

To the Chief Musician; set to the [p]Philistine lute. A Psalm of Asaph.

81 Sing aloud to God our strength;
Shout for joy to the God of Jacob (Israel).

Raise a song, sound the timbrel,
The sweet sounding lyre with the harp.

Blow the trumpet at the New Moon,
At the [q]full moon, on our feast day.

For this is a statute for Israel,
An ordinance of the God of Jacob.

He established it for a testimony in [r]Joseph
When He went throughout the land of Egypt.
I heard the language [of One whom] I did not know, saying,


“I removed the burden from his shoulder;
His hands were freed from the basket.

“You called in [the time of] trouble and I rescued you;
I answered you in the secret place of thunder;
I tested you at the waters of Meribah.(AF) Selah.

“Hear, O My people, and I will admonish you—
O Israel, if you would listen to Me!

“Let there be no strange god among you,
Nor shall you worship any foreign god.
10 
“I am the Lord your God,
Who brought you up from the land of Egypt.
Open your mouth wide and I will fill it.

11 
“But My people would not listen to My voice,
And Israel did not [consent to] obey Me.
12 
“So I gave them up to the stubbornness of their heart,
To walk in [the path of] their own counsel.(AG)
13 
“Oh, that My people would listen to Me,
That Israel would walk in My ways!
14 
“Then I would quickly subdue and humble their enemies
And turn My hand against their adversaries;
15 
Those who hate the Lord would pretend obedience to Him and cringe before Him,
And their time of punishment would be forever.
16 
“But I would feed Israel with the finest of the wheat;
And with honey from the rock I would satisfy you.”

Unjust Judgments Rebuked.

A Psalm of Asaph.

82 God stands in the divine assembly;
He judges among the gods (divine beings).

How long will you judge unjustly
And show partiality to the wicked? Selah.

Vindicate the weak and fatherless;
Do justice and maintain the rights of the afflicted and destitute.

Rescue the weak and needy;
Rescue them from the hand of the wicked.


The rulers do not know nor do they understand;
They walk on in the darkness [of complacent satisfaction];
All the foundations of the earth [the fundamental principles of the administration of justice] are shaken.

I said, “You are [s]gods;
Indeed, all of you are sons of the Most High.(AH)

“Nevertheless you will die like men
And fall like any one of the princes.”

Arise, O God, judge the earth!
For to You belong all the nations.(AI)

God Implored to Confound His Enemies.

A Song. A Psalm of Asaph.

83 Do not keep silent, O God;
Do not hold Your peace or be still, O God.

For behold, Your enemies are in tumult,
And those who hate You have raised their heads [in hatred of You].(AJ)

They concoct crafty schemes against Your people,
And conspire together against Your hidden and precious ones.

They have said, “Come, and let us wipe them out as a nation;
Let the name of Israel be remembered no more.”

For they have conspired together with one mind;
Against You they make a covenant—

The tents of Edom and the Ishmaelites,
Of Moab and the Hagrites,

Gebal and Ammon and Amalek,
Philistia with the inhabitants of Tyre.

Assyria also has joined with them;
They have helped the children of Lot [the Ammonites and the Moabites] and have been an arm [of strength] to them. Selah.


Deal with them as [You did] with Midian,
As with Sisera and Jabin at the brook of Kishon,(AK)
10 
Who were destroyed at En-dor,
Who became like dung for the earth.
11 
Make their nobles like Oreb and Zeeb
And all their princes like Zebah and Zalmunna,(AL)
12 
Who said, “Let us possess for ourselves
The pastures of God.”

13 
O my God, make them like [t]whirling dust,
Like chaff before the wind [worthless and without substance].
14 
Like fire consumes the forest,
And like the flame sets the mountains on fire,
15 
So pursue them with Your tempest
And terrify them with [the violence of] Your storm.
16 
Fill their faces with shame and disgrace,
That they may [persistently] seek Your name, O Lord.
17 
Let them be ashamed and dismayed forever;
Yes, let them be humiliated and perish,
18 
That they may know that You alone, whose name is the Lord,
Are the Most High over all the earth.

Longing for the Temple Worship.

To the Chief Musician; set to a [u]Philistine lute. A Psalm of the sons of Korah.

84 How lovely are Your dwelling places,
O Lord of hosts!

My soul (my life, my inner self) longs for and greatly desires the courts of the Lord;
My heart and my flesh sing for joy to the living God.

The bird has found a house,
And the swallow a nest for herself, where she may lay her young—
Even Your altars, O Lord of hosts,
My King and my God.

Blessed and greatly favored are those who dwell in Your house and Your presence;
They will be singing Your praises all the day long. Selah.


Blessed and greatly favored is the man whose strength is in You,
In [v]whose heart are the highways to Zion.

Passing through the Valley of Weeping ([w]Baca), they make it a place of springs;
The early rain also covers it with blessings.

They go from strength to strength [increasing in victorious power];
Each of them appears before God in Zion.


O Lord God of hosts, hear my prayer;
Listen, O God of Jacob! Selah.

See our shield, O God,
And look at the face of Your anointed [the king as Your representative].
10 
For a day in Your courts is better than a thousand [anywhere else];
I would rather stand [as a doorkeeper] at the threshold of the house of my God
Than to live [at ease] in the tents of wickedness.
11 
For the Lord God is a sun and shield;
The Lord bestows grace and favor and honor;
No good thing will He withhold from those who walk uprightly.
12 
O Lord of hosts,
How blessed and greatly favored is the man who trusts in You [believing in You, relying on You, and committing himself to You with confident hope and expectation].

Prayer for God’s Mercy upon the Nation.

To the Chief Musician. A Psalm of the sons of Korah.

85 O Lord, You have [at last] shown favor to Your land [of Canaan];
You have restored [from Babylon] the captives of Jacob (Israel).

You have forgiven the wickedness of Your people;
You have covered all their sin. Selah.

You have withdrawn all Your wrath,
You have turned away from Your burning anger.


Restore us, O God of our salvation,
And cause Your indignation toward us to cease.

Will You be angry with us forever?
Will You prolong Your anger to all generations?

Will You not revive us and bring us to life again,
That Your people may rejoice in You?

Show us Your lovingkindness, O Lord,
And grant us Your salvation.


I will hear [with expectant hope] what God the Lord will say,
For He will speak peace to His people, to His [x]godly ones—
But let them not turn again to folly.

Surely His salvation is near to those who [reverently] fear Him [and obey Him with submissive wonder],
That glory [the manifest presence of God] may dwell in our land.
10 
Steadfast love and truth and faithfulness meet together;
Righteousness and peace kiss each other.
11 
Truth springs from the earth,
And righteousness looks down from heaven.
12 
Indeed, the Lord will give what is good,
And our land will yield its produce.
13 
Righteousness will go before Him
And will make His footsteps into a way [in which to walk].

A Psalm of Supplication and Trust.

A Prayer of David.

86 Incline Your ear, O Lord, and answer me,
For I am distressed and needy [I long for Your help].

Protect my life (soul), for I am godly and faithful;
O You my God, save Your servant, who trusts in You [believing in You and relying on You, confidently committing everything to You].

Be gracious and merciful to me, O Lord,
For to You I cry out all the day long.

Make Your servant rejoice,
For to You, O Lord, I lift up my soul [all that I am—in prayer].

For You, O Lord, are good, and ready to forgive [our sins, sending them away, completely letting them go forever and ever];
And abundant in lovingkindness and overflowing in mercy to all those who call upon You.

Hear, O Lord, my prayer;
And listen attentively to the voice of my supplications (specific requests)!

In the day of my trouble I will call upon You,
For You will answer me.

There is no one like You among the gods, O Lord,
Nor are there any works [of wonder and majesty] like Yours.

All nations whom You have made shall come and kneel down in worship before You, O Lord,
And they shall glorify Your name.
10 
For You are great and do wondrous works!
You alone are God.

11 
Teach me Your way, O Lord,
I will walk and live in Your truth;
Direct my heart to fear Your name [with awe-inspired reverence and submissive wonder].(AM)
12 
I will give thanks and praise You, O Lord my God, with all my heart;
And will glorify Your name forevermore.
13 
For great is Your lovingkindness and graciousness toward me;
And You have rescued my life from the depths of Sheol [from death].

14 
O God, arrogant and insolent men have risen up against me;
A band of violent men have sought my life,
And they have not set You before them.
15 
But You, O Lord, are a God [who protects and is] merciful and gracious,
Slow to anger and abounding in lovingkindness and truth.
16 
Turn to me, and be gracious to me;
Grant Your strength [Your might and the power to resist temptation] to Your servant,
And save the son of Your handmaid.
17 
Show me a sign of [Your] goodwill,
That those who hate me may see it and be ashamed,
Because You, O Lord, helped and comforted me.

The Privileges of Citizenship in Zion.

A Psalm of the sons of Korah. A Song.

87 His foundation is on the holy mountain.

The Lord loves the gates of Zion
More than all the dwellings of Jacob (Israel).

Glorious things are spoken of you,
O city of God [Jerusalem]. Selah.

“I will mention Rahab (Egypt) and Babylon among those who know Me—
Behold, Philistia and Tyre with Ethiopia (Cush)—
‘This one was born there.’”

But of Zion it will be said, “This one and that one were born in her,”
And the Most High Himself will establish her.

The Lord will count, when He registers the peoples,
“This one was born there.” Selah.

The singers as well as the players of flutes will say,
“All my springs and sources of joy are in you [Jerusalem, city of God].”

A Petition to Be Saved from Death.

A Song. A Psalm of the sons of Korah. To the Chief Musician; set to chant mournfully. A didactic or reflective poem of Heman the Ezrahite.

88 O Lord, the God of my salvation,
I have cried out [for help] by day and in the night before You.(AN)

Let my prayer come before You and enter into Your presence;
Incline Your ear to my cry!

For my soul is full of troubles,
And my life draws near the grave (Sheol, the place of the dead).

I am counted among those who go down to the pit (grave);
I am like a man who has no strength [a mere shadow],

[y]Cast away [from the living] and abandoned among the dead,
Like the slain who lie in a [nameless] grave,
Whom You no longer remember,
And they are cut off from Your hand.

You have laid me in the lowest pit,
In dark places, in the depths.

Your wrath has rested heavily upon me,
And You have afflicted me with all Your waves.(AO) Selah.

You have put my friends far from me;
You have made me an [z]object of loathing to them.
I am shut up and I cannot go out.

My eye grows dim with sorrow.
O Lord, I have called on You every day;
I have spread out my hands to You [in prayer].

10 
Will You perform wonders for the dead?
Shall the departed spirits arise and praise You? Selah.
11 
Will Your lovingkindness be declared in the grave
Or Your faithfulness in Abaddon (the underworld)?
12 
Will Your wonders be known in the darkness?
And Your righteousness in the land of forgetfulness [where the dead forget and are forgotten]?

13 
But I have cried out to You, O Lord, for help;
And in the morning my prayer will come to You.
14 
O Lord, why do You reject me?
Why do You hide Your face from me?(AP)
15 
I was afflicted and close to death from my youth on;
I suffer Your terrors; I am overcome.
16 
Your fierce wrath has swept over me;
Your terrors have destroyed me.
17 
They have surrounded me like flood waters all day long;
They have completely encompassed me.
18 
Lover and friend You have placed far from me;
My familiar friends are in darkness.

The Lord’s Covenant with David, and Israel’s Afflictions.

A skillful song, or a didactic or reflective poem, of Ethan the Ezrahite.

89 I will sing of the goodness and lovingkindness of the Lord forever;
With my mouth I will make known Your faithfulness from generation to generation.

For I have said, “Goodness and lovingkindness will be built up forever;
In the heavens [unchangeable and majestic] You will establish Your faithfulness.”

[God has said] “I have made a covenant with My chosen one;
I have sworn to David My servant,

I will establish your seed forever
And I will build up your throne for all generations.”(AQ) Selah.


The heavens (angels) praise Your wonders, O Lord,
Your faithfulness also in the assembly of the holy ones.

For who in the heavens can be compared to the Lord?
Who among the divine beings is like the Lord,

A God greatly feared and reverently worshiped in the council of the holy [angelic] ones,
And awesome above all those who are around Him?

O Lord God of hosts, who is like You, O mighty Lord?
Your faithfulness surrounds You [as an intrinsic, unchangeable part of Your very being].

You rule the swelling of the sea;
When its waves rise, You still them.(AR)
10 
You have crushed Rahab (Egypt) like one who is slain;
You have scattered Your enemies with Your mighty arm.

11 
The heavens are Yours, the earth also is Yours;
The world and all that is in it, You have founded and established them.(AS)
12 
The north and the south, You have created them;
Mount Tabor and Mount Hermon shout for joy at Your name.
13 
You have a strong arm;
Mighty is Your hand, Your right hand is exalted.
14 
Righteousness and justice are the foundation of Your throne;
Lovingkindness and truth go before You.
15 
Blessed and happy are the people who know the joyful sound [of the trumpet’s blast]!
They walk, O Lord, in the light and favor of Your countenance!
16 
In Your name they rejoice all the day,
And in Your righteousness they are exalted.
17 
For You are the glory of their strength [their proud adornment],
And by Your favor our horn is exalted.
18 
For our shield belongs to the Lord,
And our king to the Holy One of Israel.

19 
Once You spoke in a vision to Your godly ones,
And said, “I have given help to one who is mighty [giving him the power to be a champion for Israel];
I have exalted one chosen from the people.
20 
“I have found David My servant;
With My holy oil I have anointed him,(AT)
21 
With whom My hand shall be established and steadfast;
My arm also shall strengthen him.
22 
“The enemy will not outwit him,
Nor will the wicked man afflict or humiliate him.
23 
“I will crush his adversaries before him,
And strike those who hate him.
24 
“My faithfulness and My steadfast lovingkindness shall be with him,
And in My name shall his horn be exalted [great power and prosperity shall be conferred upon him].
25 
“I will also [aa]set his hand on the [Mediterranean] sea,
And his right hand on the rivers [the tributaries of the Euphrates].
26 
“He will cry to Me, ‘You are my Father,
My God, and the rock of my salvation.’
27 
“I will also make him My firstborn (preeminent),
The highest of the kings of the earth.(AU)
28 
“My lovingkindness I will keep for him forevermore,
And My covenant will be confirmed to him.
29 
“His descendants I will establish forever,
And his throne [will endure] as the days of heaven.(AV)

30 
“If his children [ab]turn away from My law
And do not walk in My ordinances,
31 
If they break My statutes
And do not keep My commandments,
32 
Then I will punish their transgression with the rod [of discipline],
And [correct] their wickedness with stripes.(AW)
33 
“Nevertheless, I will not break off My lovingkindness from him,
Nor allow My faithfulness to fail.
34 
“My covenant I will not violate,
Nor will I alter the utterance of My lips.
35 
“Once [for all] I have sworn by My holiness, [My vow which cannot be violated];
I will not lie to David.
36 
“His [ac]descendants shall endure forever
And his throne [will continue] as the sun before Me.(AX)
37 
“It shall be established forever like the moon,
And the witness in the heavens is ever faithful.”(AY) Selah.

38 
But [in apparent contradiction of all this] You [the faithful Lord] have cast off and rejected;
You have been full of wrath against Your anointed.
39 
You have spurned and repudiated the covenant with Your servant;
You have profaned his crown [by casting it] in the dust.
40 
You have broken down all his [city] walls;
You have brought his strongholds to ruin.
41 
All who pass along the road rob him;
He has become the scorn of his neighbors.
42 
You have exalted the right hand of his foes;
You have made all his enemies rejoice.
43 
Also, You have turned back the edge of his sword
And have not made him [strong enough] to stand in battle.
44 
You have put an end to his splendor
And have hurled his throne to the ground.
45 
You have shortened the days of his youth;
You have covered him with shame. Selah.

46 
How long, O Lord?
Will You hide Yourself forever?
Will Your wrath burn like fire?
47 
Remember how fleeting my lifetime is;
For what vanity, [for what emptiness, for what futility, for what wisp of smoke] You have created all the sons of men!
48 
What man can live and not see death?
Can he rescue his soul from the [powerful] hand of Sheol (the nether world, the place of the dead)? Selah.

49 
O Lord, where are Your former lovingkindnesses [so abundant in the days of David and Solomon],
Which You swore to David in Your faithfulness?
50 
Remember, O Lord, the reproach of Your servants [scorned, insulted, and disgraced];
How I bear in [ad]my heart the reproach of all the many peoples,
51 
With which Your enemies have taunted, O Lord,
With which they have mocked the footsteps of Your anointed.

52 
Blessed be the Lord forevermore!
Amen and Amen.

Book Four

God’s Eternity and Man’s Transitoriness.

A Prayer of Moses the man of God.

90 Lord, You have been our dwelling place [our refuge, our sanctuary, our stability] in all generations.

Before the mountains were born
Or before You had given birth to the earth and the world,
Even from everlasting to everlasting, You are [the eternal] God.


You turn man back to dust,
And say, “Return [to the earth], O children of [mortal] men!”

For a [ae]thousand years in Your sight
Are like yesterday when it is past,
Or as a watch in the night.(AZ)

You have swept them away like a flood, they fall asleep [forgotten as soon as they are gone];
In the morning they are like grass which grows anew—

In the morning it flourishes and springs up;
In the evening it wilts and withers away.


For we have been consumed by Your anger
And by Your wrath we have been terrified.

You have placed our wickedness before you,
Our secret sins [which we tried to conceal, You have placed] in the [revealing] light of Your presence.

For all our days pass away in Your wrath;
We have finished our years like a whispered sigh.(BA)
10 
The days of our life are [af]seventy years—
Or even, if because of strength, eighty years;
Yet their pride [in additional years] is only labor and sorrow,
For it is soon gone and we fly away.
11 
Who understands the power of Your anger? [Who connects this brevity of life among us with Your judgment of sin?]
And Your wrath, [who connects it] with the [reverent] fear that is due You?
12 
So teach us to number our days,
That we may cultivate and bring to You a heart of wisdom.

13 
Turn, O Lord [from Your fierce anger]; how long will it be?
Be compassionate toward Your servants—revoke Your sentence.
14 
O satisfy us with Your lovingkindness in the morning [now, before we grow older],
That we may rejoice and be glad all our days.
15 
Make us glad in proportion to the days You have afflicted us,
And the years we have suffered evil.
16 
Let Your work [the signs of Your power] be revealed to Your servants
And Your [glorious] majesty to their children.
17 
And let the [gracious] favor of the Lord our God be on us;
Confirm for us the work of our hands—
Yes, confirm the work of our hands.

Security of the One Who Trusts in the Lord.

91 He who [ag]dwells in the shelter of the Most High
Will remain secure and rest in the shadow of the Almighty [whose power no enemy can withstand].

I will say of the Lord, “He is my refuge and my fortress,
My God, in whom I trust [with great confidence, and on whom I rely]!”

For He will save you from the trap of the fowler,
And from the deadly pestilence.

He will cover you and completely protect you with His pinions,
And under His wings you will find refuge;
His faithfulness is a shield and a wall.


You will not be afraid of the terror of night,
Nor of the arrow that flies by day,

Nor of the pestilence that stalks in darkness,
Nor of the destruction (sudden death) that lays waste at noon.

A thousand may fall at your side
And ten thousand at your right hand,
But danger will not come near you.

You will only [be a spectator as you] look on with your eyes
And witness the [divine] repayment of the wicked [as you watch safely from the shelter of the Most High].

Because you have made the Lord, [who is] my refuge,
Even the Most High, your dwelling place,(BB)
10 
No evil will befall you,
Nor will any plague come near your tent.

11 
For He will command His angels in regard to you,
To protect and defend and guard you in all your ways [of obedience and service].
12 
They will lift you up in their hands,
So that you do not [even] strike your foot against a stone.(BC)
13 
You will tread upon the lion and cobra;
The young lion and the serpent you will trample underfoot.(BD)

14 
“Because he set his love on Me, therefore I will save him;
I will set him [securely] on high, because he knows My name [he confidently trusts and relies on Me, knowing I will never abandon him, no, never].
15 
“He will call upon Me, and I will answer him;
I will be with him in trouble;
I will rescue him and honor him.
16 
“With a long life I will satisfy him
And I will let him see My salvation.”

Praise for the Lord’s Goodness.

A Psalm. A Song for the Sabbath day.

92 It is a good and delightful thing to give thanks to the Lord,
To sing praises to Your name, O Most High,

To declare Your lovingkindness in the morning
And Your faithfulness by night,

With an instrument of ten strings and with the harp,
With a solemn sound on the lyre.

For You, O Lord, have made me glad by Your works;
At the works of Your hands I joyfully sing.


How great are Your works, O Lord!
Your thoughts are very deep [beyond man’s understanding].

A senseless man [in his crude and uncultivated state] knows nothing,
Nor does a [self-righteous] fool understand this:

That though the wicked sprout up like grass
And all evildoers flourish,
They will be destroyed forever.

But You, Lord, are on high forever.

For behold, Your enemies, O Lord,
For behold, Your enemies will perish;
All who do evil will be scattered.

10 
But my horn [my emblem of strength and power] You have exalted like that of a wild ox;
I am anointed with fresh oil [for Your service].
11 
My eye has looked on my foes;
My ears hear of the evildoers who rise up against me.
12 
The righteous will flourish like the date palm [long-lived, upright and useful];
They will grow like a cedar in Lebanon [majestic and stable].
13 
Planted in the house of the Lord,
They will flourish in the courts of our God.
14 
[Growing in grace] they will still thrive and bear fruit and prosper in old age;
They will flourish and be [ah]vital and fresh [rich in trust and love and contentment];
15 
[They are living memorials] to declare that the Lord is upright and faithful [to His promises];
He is my rock, and there is no unrighteousness in Him.(BE)

The Majesty of the Lord.

93 The Lord reigns, He is clothed with majesty and splendor;
The Lord has clothed and encircled Himself with strength;
the world is firmly established, it cannot be moved.

Your throne is established from of old;
You are from everlasting.


The floods have lifted up, O Lord,
The floods have lifted up their voice;
The floods lift up their pounding waves.

More than the sounds of many waters,
More than the mighty breakers of the sea,
The Lord on high is mighty.

Your precepts are fully confirmed and completely reliable;
Holiness adorns Your house,
O Lord, forever.

The Lord Implored to Avenge His People.

94 O Lord God, You to whom vengeance belongs,
O God, You to whom vengeance belongs, shine forth [in judgment]!

Rise up, O Judge of the earth;
Give to the proud a fitting compensation.

O Lord, how long will the wicked,
How long will the wicked rejoice in triumph?

They pour out words, speaking arrogant things;
All who do evil boast proudly.(BF)

They crush Your people, O Lord,
And afflict and abuse Your heritage.

[ai]They kill the widow and the alien
And murder the fatherless.

Yet they say, “The Lord does not see,
Nor does the God of Jacob (Israel) notice it.”


Consider thoughtfully, you senseless (stupid ones) among the people;
And you [dull-minded] fools, when will you become wise and understand?

He who made the ear, does He not hear?
He who formed the eye, does He not see?
10 
He who instructs the nations,
Does He not rebuke and punish,
He who teaches man knowledge?
11 
The Lord knows the thoughts of man,
That they are a mere breath (vain, empty, futile).(BG)

12 
Blessed [with wisdom and prosperity] is the man whom You discipline and instruct, O Lord,
And whom You teach from Your law,
13 
That You may grant him [power to calm himself and find] peace in the days of adversity,
Until the pit is dug for the wicked and ungodly.
14 
For the Lord will not abandon His people,
Nor will He abandon His inheritance.
15 
For judgment will again be righteous,
And all the upright in heart will follow it.
16 
Who will stand up for me against the evildoers?
Who will take a stand for me against those who do wickedness?

17 
If the Lord had not been my help,
I would soon have dwelt in [the land of] silence.
18 
If I say, “My foot has slipped,”
Your compassion and lovingkindness, O Lord, will hold me up.
19 
When my anxious thoughts multiply within me,
Your comforts delight me.
20 
Can a throne of destruction be allied with You,
One which frames and devises mischief by decree [under the sacred name of law]?
21 
They band themselves together against the life of the righteous
And condemn the innocent to death.
22 
But the Lord has become my high tower and defense,
And my God the rock of my refuge.
23 
He has turned back their own wickedness upon them
And will destroy them by means of their own evil;
The Lord our God will wipe them out.

Praise to the Lord, and Warning against Unbelief.

95 O come, let us sing joyfully to the Lord;
Let us shout joyfully to the rock of our salvation.

Let us come before His presence with a song of thanksgiving;
Let us shout joyfully to Him with songs.

For the Lord is a great God
And a great King above all gods,

In whose hand are the depths of the earth;
The peaks of the mountains are His also.

The sea is His, for He made it [by His command];
And His hands formed the dry land.(BH)


O come, let us worship and bow down,
Let us kneel before the Lord our Maker [in reverent praise and prayer].

For He is our God
And we are the people of His pasture and the sheep of His hand.
Today, if you will hear His voice,(BI)

Do not harden your hearts and become spiritually dull as at Meribah [the place of strife],
And as at Massah [the place of testing] in the wilderness,(BJ)

“When your fathers tested Me,
They tried Me, even though they had seen My work [of miracles].
10 
“For forty years I was grieved and disgusted with that generation,
And I said, ‘They are a people who err in their heart,
And they do not acknowledge or regard My ways.’
11 
“Therefore I swore [an oath] in My wrath,
‘They absolutely shall not enter My rest [the land of promise].’”(BK)

A Call to Worship the Lord the Righteous Judge.

96 O sing to the Lord a new song;
Sing to the Lord, all the earth!

Sing to the Lord, bless His name;
Proclaim good news of His salvation from day to day.

Declare His glory among the nations,
His marvelous works and wonderful deeds among all the peoples.

For great is the Lord and greatly to be praised;
He is to be feared above all gods.(BL)

For all the gods of the peoples are [worthless, lifeless] idols,
But the Lord made the heavens.

Splendor and majesty are before Him;
Strength and beauty are in His sanctuary.


[aj]Ascribe to the Lord, O families of the peoples,
Ascribe to the Lord glory and strength.

Ascribe to the Lord the glory of His name;
Bring an offering and come into His courts.

Worship the Lord in the splendor of holiness;
Tremble [in submissive wonder] before Him, all the earth.
10 
Say among the nations, “The Lord reigns;
Indeed, the world is firmly and securely established, it shall not be moved;
He will judge and rule the people with fairness.”(BM)

11 
Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice;
Let the sea roar, and all the things it contains;
12 
Let the field be exultant, and all that is in it.
Then all the trees of the forest will sing for joy
13 
Before the Lord, for He is coming,
For He is coming to judge the earth.
He will judge the world with righteousness
And the peoples in His faithfulness.(BN)

The Lord’s Power and Dominion.

97 The Lord reigns, let the earth rejoice;
Let the many islands and coastlands be glad.

Clouds and thick darkness surround Him [as at Sinai];
Righteousness and justice are the foundation of His throne.(BO)

Fire goes before Him
And burns up His adversaries on all sides.

His lightnings have illuminated the world;
The earth has seen and trembled.

The mountains melted like wax at the presence of the Lord,
At the presence of the Lord of the whole earth.

The heavens declare His righteousness,
And all the peoples see His glory and brilliance.


Let all those be [deeply] ashamed who serve carved images,
Who boast in idols.
Worship Him, all you gods!(BP)

Zion heard this and was glad,
And the daughters (cities) of Judah rejoiced [in relief]
Because of Your judgments, O Lord.

For You are the Lord Most High over all the earth;
You are exalted far above all gods.

10 
You who love the Lord, hate evil;
He protects the souls of His godly ones (believers),
He rescues them from the hand of the wicked.(BQ)
11 
Light is sown [like seed] for the righteous and illuminates their path,
And [irrepressible] joy [is spread] for the upright in heart [who delight in His favor and protection].
12 
Rejoice in the Lord, you righteous ones [those whose moral and spiritual integrity places them in right standing with God],
And praise and give thanks at the remembrance of His holy name.

A Call to Praise the Lord for His Righteousness.

A [ak]Psalm.

98 O sing to the Lord a new song,
For He has done marvelous and wonderful things;
His right hand and His holy arm have [al]gained the victory for Him.

The Lord has made known His salvation;
He has [openly] revealed His righteousness in the sight of the nations.(BR)

He has [graciously] remembered His lovingkindness and His faithfulness to the house of Israel;
All the ends of the earth have witnessed the salvation of our God.(BS)


Shout joyfully to the Lord, all the earth;
Shout [in jubilation] and sing for joy and sing praises.

Sing praises to the Lord with the lyre,
With the lyre and the sound of melody.

With trumpets and the sound of the horn
Shout with joy before the King, the Lord.


Let the sea thunder and roar, and all the things it contains,
The world and those who dwell in it.

Let the rivers clap their hands;
Let the mountains sing together for joy and delight

Before the Lord, for He is coming to judge the earth;
He will judge the world with righteousness
And the peoples with fairness.

Praise to the Lord for His Fidelity to Israel.

99 The Lord reigns, let the peoples tremble [with submissive wonder]!
He sits enthroned above the cherubim, let the earth shake!

The Lord is great in Zion,
And He is exalted and magnified above all the peoples.

Let them [reverently] praise Your great and awesome name;
Holy is He.(BT)

The strength of the King loves justice and righteous judgment;
You have established fairness;
You have executed justice and righteousness in Jacob (Israel).

Exalt the Lord our God
And worship at His footstool;
Holy is He.


Moses and Aaron were among His priests,
And Samuel was among those who called on His name;
They called upon the Lord and He answered them.

He spoke to them in the pillar of cloud;
They kept His testimonies
And the statutes that He gave them.(BU)

You answered them, O Lord our God;
You were a forgiving God to them,
And yet an avenger of their evil practices.

Exalt the Lord our God
And worship at His holy hill [Zion, the temple mount],
For the Lord our God is holy.

All Men Exhorted to Praise God.

A Psalm of Thanksgiving.

100 Shout joyfully to the Lord, all the earth.

Serve the Lord with gladness and delight;
Come before His presence with joyful singing.

Know and fully recognize with gratitude that the Lord Himself is God;
It is He who has made us, [am]not we ourselves [and we are His].
We are His people and the sheep of His pasture.(BV)


Enter His gates with a song of thanksgiving
And His courts with praise.
Be thankful to Him, bless and praise His name.

For the Lord is good;
His mercy and lovingkindness are everlasting,
His faithfulness [endures] to all generations.

The Psalmist’s Profession of Uprightness.

A Psalm of David.

101 I will sing of [steadfast] lovingkindness and justice;
To You, O Lord, I will sing praises.

I will behave wisely and follow the way of integrity.
When will You come to me?
I will walk in my house in integrity and with a blameless heart.

I will set no worthless or wicked thing before my eyes.
I hate the practice of those who fall away [from the right path];
It will not grasp hold of me.

A perverse heart shall depart from me;
I will not tolerate evil.

Whoever secretly slanders his neighbor, him I will silence;
The one who has a haughty look and a proud (arrogant) heart I will not tolerate.


My eyes will be on the faithful (honorable) of the land, that they may dwell with me;
He who walks blamelessly is the one who will minister to and serve me.

He who practices deceit will not dwell in my house;
He who tells lies and half-truths will not continue [to remain] in my presence.

Morning after morning I will destroy all the wicked in the land,
That I may cut off from the city of the Lord all those who do evil.

Prayer of an Afflicted Man for Mercy on Himself and on Zion.

A Prayer of the afflicted; when he is overwhelmed and pours out his complaint to God.

102 Hear my prayer, O Lord,
And let my cry for help come to You!

Do not hide Your face from me in the day of my distress!
Incline Your ear to me;
In the day when I call, answer me quickly.

For my days have vanished in smoke,
And my bones have been scorched like a hearth.

My heart has been struck like grass and withered,
Indeed, [absorbed by my heartache] I forget to eat my food.

Because of the sound of my groaning [in suffering and trouble]
My bones cling to my flesh.

I am like a [mournful] [an]vulture of the wilderness;
I am like a [desolate] owl of the wasteland.

I am sleepless and lie awake [mourning],
I have become like a lonely bird on a housetop.


My enemies taunt me all day long;
Those who ridicule me use my name as a curse.

For I have eaten ashes like bread,
And have mingled my drink with tears(BW)
10 
Because of Your indignation and Your wrath,
For You have lifted me up and thrown me away.
11 
My days are like an evening shadow that lengthens and vanishes [with the sun];
And as for me, I wither away like grass.

12 
But You, O Lord, are enthroned forever [ruling eternally as sovereign];
And [the fame and glory of] Your name [endures] to all generations.
13 
You will arise and have compassion on Zion,
For it is time to be gracious and show favor to her;
Yes, the appointed time [the moment designated] has come.(BX)
14 
For Your servants find [melancholy] pleasure in the stones [of her ruins]
And feel pity for her dust.
15 
So the nations will fear the name of the Lord,
And all the kings of the earth [will recognize] Your glory.(BY)
16 
For the Lord has built up Zion;
He has appeared in His glory and brilliance;
17 
He has regarded the prayer of the destitute,
And has not despised their prayer.

18 
Let this be recorded for the generation to come,
That a people yet to be created will praise the Lord.
19 
For He looked down from His holy height [of His sanctuary],
From heaven the Lord gazed on the earth,
20 
To hear the sighing of the prisoner,
To set free those who were doomed to death,
21 
So that people may declare the name of the Lord in Zion
And His praise in Jerusalem,
22 
When the peoples are gathered together,
And the kingdoms, to serve the Lord.

23 
He has exhausted my strength [humbling me with sorrow] in the way;
He has shortened my days.
24 
I said, “O my God, do not take me away in the midst of my days;
Your years are [eternal] throughout all generations.
25 
“At the beginning You founded the earth;
The heavens are the work of Your hands.
26 
“Even they will perish, but You endure;
Yes, all of them will wear out like a garment.
Like clothing You will change them and they shall be changed.
27 
“But You remain the same,
And Your years will never end.(BZ)
28 
“The children of Your servants will continue,
And their descendants will be established before You.”

Praise for the Lord’s Mercies.

A Psalm of David.

103 Bless and affectionately praise the Lord, O my soul,
And all that is [deep] within me, bless His holy name.

Bless and affectionately praise the Lord, O my soul,
And do not forget any of His benefits;

Who forgives all your sins,
Who heals all your diseases;

Who redeems your life from the pit,
Who crowns you [lavishly] with lovingkindness and tender mercy;

Who satisfies your years with good things,
So that your youth is renewed like the [soaring] eagle.(CA)


The Lord executes righteousness
And justice for all the oppressed.

He made known His ways [of righteousness and justice] to Moses,
His acts to the children of Israel.

The Lord is merciful and gracious,
Slow to anger and abounding in compassion and lovingkindness.(CB)

He will not always strive with us,
Nor will He keep His anger forever.
10 
He has not dealt with us according to our sins [as we deserve],
Nor rewarded us [with punishment] according to our wickedness.
11 
For as the heavens are high above the earth,
So great is His lovingkindness toward those who fear and worship Him [with awe-filled respect and deepest reverence].
12 
As far as the east is from the west,
So far has He removed our transgressions from us.
13 
Just as a father loves his children,
So the Lord loves those who fear and worship Him [with awe-filled respect and deepest reverence].
14 
For He knows our [mortal] frame;
He remembers that we are [merely] dust.

15 
As for man, his days are like grass;
Like a flower of the field, so he flourishes.
16 
For the wind passes over it and it is no more,
And its place knows it no longer.
17 
But the lovingkindness of the Lord is from everlasting to everlasting on those who [reverently] fear Him,
And His righteousness to children’s children,(CC)
18 
To those who honor and keep His covenant,
And remember to do His commandments [imprinting His word on their hearts].

19 
The Lord has established His throne in the heavens,
And His sovereignty rules over all [the universe].
20 
Bless the Lord, you His angels,
You mighty ones who do His commandments,
Obeying the voice of His word!
21 
Bless the Lord, all you His hosts,
You who serve Him and do His will.
22 
Bless the Lord, all you works of His, in all places of His dominion;
Bless and affectionately praise the Lord, O my soul!

The Lord’s Care over All His Works.

104 Bless and affectionately praise the Lord, O my soul!
O Lord my God, You are very great;
You are clothed with splendor and majesty,

[You are the One] who covers Yourself with light as with a garment,
Who stretches out the heavens like a tent curtain,

Who lays the beams of His upper chambers in the waters [above the firmament],
Who makes the clouds His chariot,
Who walks on the wings of the wind,

Who makes winds His messengers,
Flames of fire His ministers.(CD)


He established the earth on its foundations,
So that it will not be moved forever and ever.(CE)

You covered it with the deep as with a garment;
The waters were standing above the mountains.(CF)

At Your rebuke they fled;
At the sound of Your thunder they hurried away.

The mountains rose, the valleys sank down
To the place which You established for them.

You set a boundary [for the waters] that they may not cross over,
So that they will not return to cover the earth.

10 
You send springs into the valleys;
Their waters flow among the mountains.
11 
They give drink to every beast of the field;
The wild donkeys quench their thirst there.
12 
Beside them the birds of the heavens have their nests;
They lift up their voices and sing among the branches.(CG)
13 
He waters the mountains from His upper chambers;
The earth is satisfied with the fruit of His works.

14 
He causes grass to grow for the cattle,
And all that the earth produces for cultivation by man,
So that he may bring food from the earth—
15 
And wine which makes the heart of man glad,
So that he may make his face glisten with oil,
And bread to sustain and strengthen man’s heart.
16 
The trees of the Lord drink their fill,
The cedars of Lebanon which He has planted,
17 
Where the birds make their nests;
As for the stork, the fir trees are her house.

18 
The high mountains are for the wild goats;
The rocks are a refuge for the [ao]shephanim.
19 
He made the moon for the seasons;
The sun knows the [exact] place of its setting.
20 
You [O Lord] make darkness and it becomes night,
In which prowls about every wild beast of the forest.
21 
The young lions roar after their prey
And seek their food from God.
22 
When the sun arises, they withdraw
And lie down in their dens.
23 
Man goes out to his work
And remains at his labor until evening.

24 
O Lord, how many and varied are Your works!
In wisdom You have made them all;
The earth is full of Your riches and Your creatures.
25 
There is the sea, great and broad,
In which are swarms without number,
Creatures both small and great.
26 
There the ships [of the sea] sail,
And Leviathan [the sea monster], which You have formed to play there.

27 
They all wait for You
To give them their food in its appointed season.
28 
You give it to them, they gather it up;
You open Your hand, they are filled and satisfied with good [things].
29 
You hide Your face, they are dismayed;
You take away their breath, they die
And return to their dust.
30 
You send out Your Spirit, they are created;
You renew the face of the ground.

31 
May the glory of the Lord endure forever;
May the Lord rejoice and be glad in His works—
32 
He looks at the earth, and it trembles;
He touches the mountains, and they smoke.
33 
I will sing to the Lord as long as I live;
I will sing praise to my God while I have my being.
34 
May my meditation be sweet and pleasing to Him;
As for me, I will rejoice and be glad in the Lord.
35 
Let sinners be consumed from the earth,
And let the wicked be no more.
Bless and affectionately praise the Lord, O my soul.
Praise the Lord! (Hallelujah!)

The Lord’s Wonderful Works in Behalf of Israel.

105 O give thanks to the Lord, call upon His name;
Make known His deeds among the people.

Sing to Him, sing praises to Him;
Speak of all His wonderful acts and devoutly praise them.

Glory in His holy name;
Let the hearts of those who seek and require the Lord [as their most essential need] rejoice.

Seek and deeply long for the Lord and His strength [His power, His might];
Seek and deeply long for His face and His presence continually.

Remember [with awe and gratitude] the wonderful things which He has done,
His amazing deeds and the judgments uttered by His mouth [on His enemies, as in Egypt],(CH)

O you offspring of Abraham, His servant,
O you sons of Jacob, His chosen ones!

He is the Lord our God;
His judgments are in all the earth.


He has remembered His covenant forever,
The word which He commanded and established to a [ap]thousand generations,

The covenant which He made with Abraham,
And His sworn oath to Isaac,(CI)
10 
Which He confirmed to Jacob as a statute,
To Israel as an everlasting covenant,
11 
Saying, “To you I will give the land of Canaan
As the measured portion of your inheritance.”
12 
When there were only a few men in number,
Very few [in fact], and strangers in it;
13 
And they wandered from one nation to another,
From one kingdom to another people,
14 
He allowed no man to oppress them;
He rebuked kings for their sakes, saying,(CJ)
15 
“Do not touch My anointed ones,
And do My prophets no harm.”(CK)

16 
And He called for a famine upon the land [of Egypt];
He [aq]cut off every source of bread.(CL)
17 
He sent a man before them,
Joseph, who was sold as a slave.(CM)
18 
His feet they hurt with shackles;
[ar]He was put in chains of iron,
19 
Until the time that his word [of prophecy regarding his brothers] came true,
The word of the Lord tested and refined him.
20 
The king sent and released him,
The ruler of the peoples [of Egypt], and set him free.
21 
He made Joseph lord of his house
And ruler of all his possessions,(CN)
22 
To imprison his princes at his will,
That he might teach his elders wisdom.
23 
Israel also came into Egypt;
Thus Jacob sojourned in the land of Ham.(CO)
24 
There the Lord greatly increased [the number of] His people,
And made them more powerful than their enemies.

25 
He turned the heart [of the Egyptians] to hate His people,
To deal craftily with His servants.
26 
He sent Moses His servant,
And Aaron, whom He had chosen.
27 
They exhibited His wondrous signs among them,
Great miracles in the land of Ham (Egypt).
28 
He sent [thick, oppressive] darkness and made the land dark;
And Moses and Aaron did not rebel against His words.(CP)
29 
He turned Egypt’s waters into blood
And caused their fish to die.(CQ)
30 
Their land swarmed with frogs,
Even in the chambers of their kings.(CR)
31 
He spoke, and there came swarms of flies
And gnats in all their territory.(CS)
32 
He gave them hail for rain,
With flaming fire in their land.(CT)
33 
He struck their vines also and their fig trees,
And shattered the [ice-laden] trees of their territory.(CU)
34 
He spoke, and the [migratory] locusts came,
And the young locusts, even without number,(CV)
35 
And ate up all the vegetation in their land,
And devoured the fruit of their ground.
36 
He also struck down all the firstborn in their land,
The first fruits and chief substance of all their strength.(CW)

37 
He brought the sons of Israel out [of Egypt] with silver and gold,
And among their tribes there was not one who stumbled.(CX)
38 
Egypt was glad when they departed,
For the dread and fear of them had fallen on the Egyptians.(CY)
39 
The Lord spread a cloud as a covering [by day],
And a fire to illumine the night.(CZ)
40 
The Israelites asked, and He brought quail,
And satisfied them with the bread of heaven.(DA)
41 
He opened the rock and water flowed out;
It ran in the dry places like a river.(DB)
42 
For He remembered His holy word
To Abraham His servant;(DC)
43 
He brought out His people with joy,
And His chosen ones with a joyful shout,
44 
He gave them the lands of the nations [of Canaan],
So that they would possess the fruits of those peoples’ labor,(DD)
45 
So that they might observe His precepts
And keep His laws [obediently accepting and honoring and valuing them].
Praise the Lord! (Hallelujah!)

Israel’s Rebelliousness and the Lord’s Deliverances.

106 Praise the Lord! (Hallelujah!)
Oh give thanks to the Lord, for He is good;
For His mercy and lovingkindness endure forever!(DE)

Who can put into words the mighty deeds of the Lord?
Or who can proclaim all His praise [that is due Him]?

Blessed are those who observe justice [by honoring God’s precepts],
Who practice righteousness at all times.


Remember me, O Lord, when You favor Your people.
Visit me with Your salvation [when You rescue them],

That I may see the prosperity of Your chosen ones,
That I may rejoice in the gladness of Your nation,
That I may glory with Your inheritance.


We have sinned like our fathers;
We have committed iniquity, we have behaved wickedly.(DF)

Our fathers in Egypt did not understand nor appreciate Your miracles;
They did not remember the abundance of Your mercies nor imprint Your lovingkindnesses on their hearts,
But they were rebellious at the sea, at the [as]Red Sea.(DG)

Nevertheless He saved them for His name’s sake,
That He might make His [supreme] power known.

He rebuked the Red Sea, and it dried up;
And He led them through the depths as through a pasture.(DH)
10 
So He saved them from the hand of the one that hated them,
And redeemed them from the hand of the [Egyptian] enemy.(DI)
11 
And the waters covered their adversaries;
Not one of them was left.(DJ)
12 
Then Israel believed in [the validity of] His words;
They sang His praise.

13 
But they quickly forgot His works;
They did not [patiently] wait for His counsel and purpose [to be revealed regarding them],
14 
But lusted intensely in the wilderness
And tempted God [with their insistent desires] in the desert.(DK)
15 
So He gave them their request,
But sent a wasting disease among them.(DL)

16 
They envied Moses in the camp,
And Aaron [the high priest], the holy one of the Lord,(DM)
17 
Therefore the earth opened and swallowed Dathan,
And engulfed the company of Abiram.(DN)
18 
And a fire broke out in their company;
The flame consumed the wicked.(DO)

19 
They made a calf in Horeb (Sinai)
And worshiped a cast image.(DP)
20 
Thus they exchanged [the true God who was] their glory
For the image of an ox that eats grass.
21 
They forgot God their Savior,
Who had done such great things in Egypt,
22 
Wonders in the land of Ham,
Awesome things at the Red Sea.
23 
Therefore He said He would destroy them,
[And He would have done so] had not Moses, His chosen one, stepped into the gap before Him,
To turn away His wrath from destroying them.(DQ)
24 
Then they despised the pleasant land [of Canaan];
They did not believe in His word nor rely on it,
25 
But they sulked and complained in their tents;
They did not listen to the voice of the Lord.
26 
Therefore He lifted up His hand [swearing] to them,
That He would cause them to fall in the wilderness,
27 
And that He would cast out their descendants among the nations
And scatter them in the lands [of the earth].

28 
They joined themselves also to [the idol] Baal of Peor,
And ate sacrifices offered to the dead.
29 
Thus they provoked Him to anger with their practices,
And a plague broke out among them.
30 
Then Phinehas [the priest] stood up and [at]interceded,
And so the plague was halted.(DR)
31 
And that was credited to him for righteousness,
To all generations forever.

32 
They provoked Him to anger at the waters of [au]Meribah,
So that it went hard with Moses on their account;(DS)
33 
Because they were rebellious against His Spirit,
Moses spoke recklessly with his lips.

34 
They did not destroy the [pagan] peoples [in Canaan],
As the Lord commanded them,
35 
But they mingled with the [idolatrous] nations
And learned their ways,
36 
And served their idols,
Which became a [dreadful] snare to them.
37 
They even sacrificed their sons and their daughters to demons(DT)
38 
And shed innocent blood,
Even the blood of their sons and of their daughters,
Whom they sacrificed to the idols of Canaan;
And the land was polluted with their blood.
39 
In this way they became unclean in their practices;
They played the prostitute in their own deeds [by giving their worship, which belongs to God alone, to other “gods”].

40 
Therefore the anger of the Lord was kindled against His people
And He detested His own [av]inheritance.(DU)
41 
He gave them into the hands of the nations,
And those who hated them ruled over them.
42 
Their enemies also oppressed them,
And they were subdued under the [powerful] hand of their enemies.
43 
Many times He rescued them;
But they were rebellious in their counsel,
And sank down in their wickedness.

44 
Nevertheless He looked [sympathetically] at their distress
When He heard their cry;
45 
And He remembered His covenant for their sake,
And relented [rescinding their sentence] according to the greatness of His lovingkindness [when they cried out to Him],
46 
He also made them objects of compassion
Among those who had carried them away captive.(DV)

47 
Save us, O Lord our God,
And gather us from among the nations,
That we may give thanks to Your holy name
And glory in praising You.
48 
Blessed be the Lord, the God of Israel,
From everlasting even to everlasting.
And let all the people say, “Amen.”
Praise the Lord! (Hallelujah!)(DW)

Book Five

The Lord Rescues People from Many Troubles.

107 O give thanks to the Lord, for He is good;
For His compassion and lovingkindness endure forever!

Let the redeemed of the Lord say so,
Whom He has redeemed from the hand of the adversary,

And gathered them from the lands,
From the east and from the west,
From the north and from the [aw]south.


They wandered in the wilderness in a [solitary] desert region;
And did not find a way to an inhabited city.

Hungry and thirsty,
They fainted.

Then they cried out to the Lord in their trouble,
And He rescued them from their distresses.

He led them by the straight way,
To an inhabited city [where they could establish their homes].

Let them give thanks to the Lord for His lovingkindness,
And for His wonderful acts to the children of men!

For He satisfies the parched throat,
And fills the hungry appetite with what is good.

10 
Some dwelt in darkness and in the deep (deathly) darkness,
Prisoners [bound] in misery and chains,(DX)
11 
Because they had rebelled against the precepts of God
And spurned the counsel of the Most High.
12 
Therefore He humbled their heart with hard labor;
They stumbled and there was no one to help.
13 
Then they cried out to the Lord in their trouble,
And He saved them from their distresses.
14 
He brought them out of darkness and the deep (deathly) darkness
And broke their bonds apart.(DY)
15 
Let them give thanks to the Lord for His lovingkindness,
And for His wonderful acts to the children of men!
16 
For He has shattered the gates of bronze
And cut the bars of iron apart.

17 
Fools, because of their rebellious way,
And because of their sins, were afflicted.
18 
They detested all kinds of food,
And they drew near to the gates of death.
19 
Then they cried out to the Lord in their trouble,
And He saved them from their distresses.
20 
He sent His word and healed them,
And rescued them from their destruction.(DZ)
21 
Let them give thanks to the Lord for His lovingkindness,
And for His wonderful acts to the children of men!(EA)
22 
And let them offer the sacrifices of thanksgiving,
And speak of His deeds with shouts of joy!

23 
Those who go down to the sea in ships,
Who do business on great waters;
24 
They have seen the works of the Lord,
And His wonders in the deep.
25 
For He spoke and raised up a stormy wind,
Which lifted up the waves of the sea.
26 
They went up toward the heavens [on the crest of the wave], they went down again to the depths [of the watery trough];
Their courage melted away in their misery.
27 
They staggered and trembled like a drunken man,
And were at their wits’ end [all their wisdom was useless].
28 
Then they cried out to the Lord in their trouble,
And He brought them out of their distresses.
29 
He hushed the storm to a gentle whisper,
So that the waves of the sea were still.(EB)
30 
Then they were glad because of the calm,
And He guided them to their desired haven (harbor).
31 
Let them give thanks to the Lord for His lovingkindness,
And for His wonderful acts to the children of men!
32 
Let them exalt Him also in the congregation of the people,
And praise Him at the seat of the elders.

33 
He turns rivers into a wilderness,
And springs of water into a thirsty ground;(EC)
34 
A productive land into a [barren] salt waste,
Because of the wickedness of those who dwell in it.(ED)
35 
He turns a wilderness into a pool of water
And a dry land into springs of water;(EE)
36 
And there He has the hungry dwell,
So that they may establish an inhabited city,
37 
And sow fields and plant vineyards,
And produce an abundant harvest.
38 
Also He blesses them so that they multiply greatly,
And He does not let [the number of] their cattle decrease.

39 
When they are diminished and bowed down (humbled)
Through oppression, misery, and sorrow,
40 
He pours contempt on princes
And makes them wander in a pathless wasteland.
41 
Yet He sets the needy securely on high, away from affliction,
And makes their families like a flock.
42 
The upright see it and rejoice;
But all unrighteousness shuts its mouth.
43 
Who is wise? Let him observe and heed these things;
And [thoughtfully] consider the lovingkindness of the Lord.

Praise and Supplication to God for Victory.

A Song. A Psalm of David.

108 O God, my heart is steadfast [with confident faith];
I will sing, I will sing praises, even with my soul.

Awake, harp and lyre;
I will awaken the dawn!

I will praise and give thanks to You, O Lord, among the people;
And I will sing praises to You among the nations.

For Your lovingkindness is great and higher than the heavens;
Your truth reaches to the skies.(EF)

Be exalted [in majesty], O God, above the heavens,
And Your glory above all the earth.

That Your beloved [ones] may be rescued,
Save with Your right hand, and answer me!


God has spoken in His [ax]holiness:
“I will rejoice, I will portion out Shechem [as I divide Canaan among My people],
And measure out the Valley of Succoth.

“Gilead is Mine, Manasseh is Mine;
Ephraim also is the helmet of My head [My stronghold, My defense];
Judah is My [ay]scepter.(EG)

“Moab is My washbowl;
Over Edom I will throw My shoe [to show Edom is Mine];
Over Philistia I will shout [in triumph].”

10 
Who will bring me into the fortified city [of Petra]?
Who will lead me to Edom?
11 
Have You not rejected us, O God?
And will You not go out, O God, with our armies?
12 
Give us help against the adversary,
For deliverance by man is in vain [a worthless hope].
13 
[az]With God we will do valiantly,
For it is He who will trample down our enemies.(EH)

Vengeance Invoked upon Adversaries.

To the Chief Musician. A Psalm of David.

109 O God of my praise!
Do not keep silent,

For the mouth of the wicked and the mouth of the deceitful are opened against me;
They have spoken against me with a lying tongue.

They have also surrounded me with words of hatred,
And have fought against me without a cause.

In return for my love, they attack me,
But I am in prayer.

They have repaid me evil for good,
And hatred for my love.


Appoint a wicked man against him,
And let an attacker stand at his right hand [to kill him].

When he enters into dispute, let wickedness come about.
Let his prayer [for help] result [only] in sin.

Let his days be few;
And let another take his office.(EI)

Let his children be fatherless
And his wife a widow.
10 
Let his children wander and beg;
Let them seek their food and be driven far from their ruined homes.(EJ)
11 
Let the creditor seize all that he has,
And let strangers plunder the product of his labor.
12 
Let there be no one to extend kindness to him,
Nor let anyone be gracious to his fatherless children.
13 
Let his descendants be cut off,
And in the following generation let their name be blotted out.

14 
Let the wickedness of his fathers be remembered by the Lord;
And do not let the sin of his mother be blotted out.
15 
Let them be before the Lord continually,
That He may cut off their memory from the earth;
16 
Because the man did not remember to show kindness,
But persecuted the suffering and needy man,
And the brokenhearted, to put them to death.
17 
He also loved cursing, and it came [back] to him;
He did not delight in blessing, so it was far from him.
18 
He clothed himself with cursing as with his garment,
And it seeped into his inner self like water
And like [anointing] oil into his bones.
19 
Let it be to him as a robe with which he covers himself,
And as a sash with which he is constantly bound.
20 
Let this be the reward of my attackers from the Lord,
And of those who speak evil against my life.

21 
But You, O God, the Lord, show kindness to me, for Your name’s sake;
Because Your lovingkindness (faithfulness, compassion) is good, O rescue me;
22 
For I am suffering and needy,
And my heart is wounded within me.
23 
I am vanishing like a shadow when it lengthens and fades;
I am shaken off like the locust.
24 
My knees are unsteady from fasting;
And my flesh is gaunt and without fatness.
25 
I also have become a reproach and an object of taunting to others;
When they see me, they shake their heads [in derision].(EK)

26 
Help me, O Lord my God;
Save me according to Your lovingkindness—
27 
And let them know that this is Your hand;
You, Lord, have done it.
28 
Let them curse, but You bless.
When adversaries arise, let them be ashamed,
But let Your servant rejoice.
29 
Let my attackers be clothed with dishonor,
And let them cover themselves with their own shame as with a robe.

30 
I will give great praise and thanks to the Lord with my mouth;
And in the midst of many I will praise Him.
31 
For He will stand at the right hand of the needy,
To save him from those who judge his soul.

The Lord Gives Dominion to the King.

A Psalm of David.

110 The Lord (Father) says to my Lord (the Messiah, His Son),
“Sit at My right hand
Until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet [subjugating them into complete submission].”(EL)

The Lord will send the scepter of Your strength from Zion, saying,
“Rule in the midst of Your enemies.”(EM)

Your people will offer themselves willingly [to participate in Your battle] in the day of Your power;
In the splendor of holiness, from the womb of the dawn,
Your young men are to You as the dew.


The Lord has sworn [an oath] and will not change His mind:
[ba]You are a priest forever
According to the order of Melchizedek.”(EN)

The Lord is at Your right hand,
He [bb]will crush kings in the day of His wrath.

He will execute judgment [in overwhelming punishment] among the nations;
He will fill them with corpses,
He will crush the chief men over a broad country.(EO)

He will drink from the brook by the wayside;
Therefore He will lift up His head [triumphantly].

The Lord Praised for His Goodness.

111 Praise the Lord! (Hallelujah!)
I will give thanks to the Lord with all my heart,
In the company of the upright and in the congregation.

Great are the works of the Lord,
Studied by all those who delight in them.

Splendid and majestic is His work,
And His righteousness endures forever.

He has made His wonderful acts to be remembered;
The Lord is gracious and merciful and full of loving compassion.

He has given food to those who fear Him [with awe-inspired reverence];
He will remember His covenant forever.(EP)

He has declared and made known to His people the power of His works,
In giving them the heritage of the nations.


The works of His hands are truth and [absolute] justice;
All His precepts are sure (established, reliable, trustworthy).

They are upheld forever and ever;
They are done in [absolute] truth and uprightness.

He has sent redemption to His people;
He has ordained His covenant forever;
Holy and awesome is His name—[inspiring reverence and godly fear].
10 
The [reverent] fear of the Lord is the beginning (the prerequisite, the absolute essential, the alphabet) of wisdom;
A good understanding and a teachable heart are possessed by all those who do the will of the Lord;
His praise endures forever.(EQ)

Prosperity of the One Who Fears the Lord.

112 Praise the Lord! (Hallelujah!)
Blessed [fortunate, prosperous, and favored by God] is the man who fears the Lord [with awe-inspired reverence and worships Him with obedience],
Who delights greatly in His commandments.(ER)

His descendants will be mighty on earth;
The generation of the upright will be blessed.

Wealth and riches are in his house,
And his righteousness endures forever.

Light arises in the darkness for the upright;
He is gracious and compassionate and righteous (upright—in right standing with God).

It is well with the man who is gracious and lends;
He conducts his affairs with justice.(ES)

He will never be shaken;
The righteous will be remembered forever.(ET)


He will not fear bad news;
His heart is steadfast, trusting [confidently relying on and believing] in the Lord.

His heart is upheld, he will not fear
While he looks [with satisfaction] on his adversaries.

He has given freely to the poor;
His righteousness endures forever;
His horn will be exalted in honor.(EU)

10 
The wicked will see it and be angered,
He will gnash his teeth and melt away [in despair and death];
The desire of the wicked will perish and come to nothing.

The Lord Exalts the Humble.

113 [bc]Praise the Lord! ([bd]Hallelujah!)
Praise, O servants of the Lord,
Praise the name of the Lord.

Blessed be the name of the Lord
From this time forth and forever.

From the rising of the sun to its setting
The name of the Lord is to be praised [with awe-inspired reverence].

The Lord is high above all nations,
And His glory above the heavens.


Who is like the Lord our God,
Who is enthroned on high,

Who humbles Himself to regard
The heavens and the earth?(EV)

He raises the poor out of the dust
And lifts the needy from the ash heap,

That He may seat them with princes,
With the princes of His people.

He makes the barren woman live in the house
As a joyful mother of children.
Praise the Lord! (Hallelujah!)

God’s Rescue of Israel from Egypt.

114 When Israel came out of Egypt,
The house of Jacob from a people of strange language,

Judah became His sanctuary,
And Israel His dominion.(EW)


The [Red] Sea [be]looked and fled;
The Jordan turned back.(EX)

The mountains leaped like rams,
The [little] hills, like lambs.

What ails you, O sea, that you flee?
O Jordan, that you turn back?

O mountains, that you leap like rams,
O [little] hills, like lambs?


Tremble, O earth, at the presence of the Lord,
At the presence of the God of Jacob (Israel),

Who turned the rock into a pool of water,
The flint into a fountain of water.(EY)

Pagan Idols Contrasted with the Lord.

115 Not to us, O Lord, not to us,
But to Your name give glory
Because of Your lovingkindness, because of Your truth and faithfulness.

Why should the nations say,
“Where, now, is their God?”

But our God is in heaven;
He does whatever He pleases.

The idols [of the nations] are silver and gold,
The work of man’s hands.

They have mouths, but they cannot speak;
They have eyes, but they cannot see;

They have ears, but they cannot hear;
They have noses, but they cannot smell;

They have hands, but they cannot feel;
They have feet, but they cannot walk;
Nor can they make a sound with their throats.

Those who make them will become like them,
Everyone who trusts in them.(EZ)


O Israel, trust and take refuge in the Lord! [Be confident in Him, cling to Him, rely on His word!]
He is their help and their shield.
10 
O house of Aaron, trust in the Lord;
He is their help and their shield.
11 
You who [reverently] fear the Lord, trust in Lord;
He is their help and their shield.
12 
The Lord has been mindful of us; He will bless,
He will bless the house of Israel;
He will bless the house of Aaron.
13 
He will bless those who fear and worship the Lord [with awe-inspired reverence and submissive wonder],
Both the small and the great.(FA)
14 
May the Lord give you [great] increase,
You and your children.
15 
May you be blessed of the Lord,
Who made heaven and earth.

16 
The heavens are the heavens of the Lord,
But the earth He has given to the children of men.
17 
The dead do not praise the Lord,
Nor do any who go down into silence;
18 
But as for us, we will bless and affectionately and gratefully praise the Lord
From this time forth and forever.
Praise the Lord! (Hallelujah!)

Thanksgiving for Rescue from Death.

116 I love the Lord, because He hears [and continues to hear]
My voice and my supplications (my pleas, my cries, my specific needs).

Because He has inclined His ear to me,
Therefore I will call on Him as long as I live.

The cords and sorrows of death encompassed me,
And the terrors of Sheol came upon me;
I found distress and sorrow.

Then I called on the name of the Lord:
“O Lord, please save my life!”


Gracious is the Lord, and [consistently] righteous;
Yes, our God is compassionate.

[bf]The Lord protects the simple (childlike);
I was brought low [humbled and discouraged], and He saved me.

Return to your rest, O my soul,
For the Lord has dealt bountifully with you.(FB)

For You have rescued my life from death,
My eyes from tears,
And my feet from stumbling and falling.

I will walk [in submissive wonder] before the Lord
In the land of the living.
10 
I believed [and clung to my God] when I said,
“I am greatly afflicted.”(FC)
11 
I said in my alarm,
“All men are liars.”

12 
What will I give to the Lord [in return]
For all His benefits toward me?
[How can I repay Him for His precious blessings?]
13 
I will lift up the cup of salvation
And call on the name of the Lord.
14 
I will pay my vows to the Lord,
Yes, in the presence of all His people.
15 
[bg]Precious [and of great consequence] in the sight of the Lord
Is the death of His godly ones [so He watches over them].
16 
O Lord, truly I am Your servant;
I am Your servant, the son of Your handmaid;
You have unfastened my chains.
17 
I will offer to You the sacrifice of thanksgiving,
And will call on the name of the Lord.
18 
I will pay my vows to the Lord,
Yes, in the presence of all His people,
19 
In the courts of the Lord’s house (temple)—
In the midst of you, O Jerusalem.
Praise the Lord! (Hallelujah!)

A Psalm of Praise.

117 O praise the Lord, all you nations!
Praise Him, all you people!(FD)

For His lovingkindness prevails over us [and we triumph and overcome through Him],
And the truth of the Lord endures forever.
Praise the Lord! (Hallelujah!)

Thanksgiving for the Lord’s Saving Goodness.

118 O give thanks to the Lord, for He is good;
For His lovingkindness endures forever.

Oh let Israel say,
“His lovingkindness endures forever.”

Oh let the house of Aaron say,
“His lovingkindness endures forever.”

Oh let those who [reverently] fear the Lord, say,
“His lovingkindness endures forever.”


Out of my distress I called on the Lord;
The Lord answered me and set me free.

The Lord is on my side; I will not fear.
What can [mere] man do to me?(FE)

The Lord is on my side, He is among those who help me;
Therefore I will look [in triumph] on those who hate me.

It is better to take refuge in the Lord
Than to trust in man.

It is better to take refuge in the Lord
Than to trust in princes.

10 
All nations encompassed me;
In the name of the Lord I will surely cut them off.
11 
They encompassed me, yes, they surrounded me [on every side];
In the name of the Lord I will cut them off.
12 
They swarmed around me like bees;
They flare up and are extinguished like a fire of thorns;
In the name of the Lord I will surely cut them off.(FF)
13 
You [my enemy] pushed me violently so that I was falling,
But the Lord helped me.
14 
The Lord is my strength and song,
And He has become my salvation.

15 
The sound of joyful shouting and salvation is in the tents of the righteous:
The right hand of the Lord does valiantly.
16 
The right hand of the Lord is exalted;
The right hand of the Lord does valiantly.
17 
I will not die, but live,
And declare the works and recount the illustrious acts of the Lord.
18 
The Lord has disciplined me severely,
But He has not given me over to death.(FG)

19 
Open to me the [temple] gates of righteousness;
I shall enter through them, I shall give thanks to the Lord.
20 
This is the gate of the Lord;
The righteous will enter through it.(FH)
21 
I will give thanks to You, for You have heard and answered me;
And You have become my salvation [my Rescuer, my Savior].

22 
The stone which the builders rejected
Has become the [bh]chief corner stone.
23 
This is from the Lord and is His doing;
It is marvelous in our eyes.(FI)
24 
This [day in which God has saved me] is the day which the Lord has made;
Let us rejoice and be glad in it.
25 
O Lord, save now, we beseech You;
O Lord, we beseech You, send now prosperity and give us success!
26 
Blessed is the one who comes in the name of the Lord;
We have blessed you from the house of the Lord [you who come into His sanctuary under His guardianship].(FJ)
27 
The Lord is God, and He has given us light [illuminating us with His grace and freedom and joy].
Bind the festival sacrifices with [bi]cords to the horns of the altar.
28 
You are my God, and I give thanks to You;
[You are] my God, I extol You.
29 
O give thanks to the Lord, for He is good;
For His lovingkindness endures forever.

Meditations and Prayers Relating to the Law of God.

[bj]Aleph.

119 How blessed and favored by God are those whose way is blameless [those with personal integrity, the upright, the guileless],
Who walk in the law [and who are guided by the precepts and revealed will] of the Lord.

Blessed and favored by God are those who keep His testimonies,
And who [consistently] seek Him and long for Him with all their heart.

They do no unrighteousness;
They walk in His ways.(FK)

You have ordained Your precepts,
That we should follow them with [careful] diligence.

Oh, that my ways may be established
To observe and keep Your statutes [obediently accepting and honoring them]!

Then I will not be ashamed
When I look [with respect] to all Your commandments [as my guide].

I will give thanks to You with an upright heart,
When I learn [through discipline] Your righteous judgments [for my transgressions].

I shall keep Your statutes;
Do not utterly abandon me [when I fail].

Beth.


How can a young man keep his way pure?
By keeping watch [on himself] according to Your word [conforming his life to Your precepts].
10 
With all my heart I have sought You, [inquiring of You and longing for You];
Do not let me wander from Your commandments [neither through ignorance nor by willful disobedience].(FL)
11 
Your word I have treasured and stored in my heart,
That I may not sin against You.
12 
Blessed and reverently praised are You, O Lord;
Teach me Your statutes.
13 
With my lips I have told of
All the ordinances of Your mouth.
14 
I have rejoiced in the way of Your testimonies,
As much as in all riches.
15 
I will meditate on Your precepts
And [thoughtfully] regard Your ways [the path of life established by Your precepts].(FM)
16 
I will delight in Your statutes;
I will not forget Your word.

Gimel.

17 
Deal bountifully with Your servant,
That I may live and keep Your word [treasuring it and being guided by it day by day].(FN)
18 
Open my eyes [to spiritual truth] so that I may behold
Wonderful things from Your law.
19 
I am a stranger on the earth;
Do not hide Your commandments from me.(FO)
20 
My soul is crushed with longing
For Your ordinances at all times.
21 
You rebuke the presumptuous and arrogant, the cursed ones,
Who wander from Your commandments.
22 
Take reproach and contempt away from me,
For I observe Your testimonies.
23 
Even though princes sit and talk to one another against me,
Your servant meditates on Your statutes.
24 
Your testimonies also are my delight
And my counselors.

Daleth.

25 
My earthly life clings to the dust;
Revive and refresh me according to Your word.(FP)
26 
I have told of my ways, and You have answered me;
Teach me Your statutes.
27 
Make me understand the way of Your precepts,
So that I will meditate (focus my thoughts) on Your wonderful works.(FQ)
28 
My soul dissolves because of grief;
Renew and strengthen me according to [the promises of] Your word.
29 
Remove from me the way of falsehood and unfaithfulness,
And graciously grant me Your law.
30 
I have chosen the faithful way;
I have placed Your ordinances before me.
31 
I cling tightly to Your testimonies;
O Lord, do not put me to shame!
32 
I will run the way of Your commandments [with purpose],
For You will give me a heart that is willing.

He.

33 
Teach me, O Lord, the way of Your statutes,
And I will [steadfastly] observe it to the end.
34 
Give me understanding [a teachable heart and the ability to learn], that I may keep Your law;
And observe it with all my heart.(FR)
35 
Make me walk in the path of Your commandments,
For I delight in it.
36 
Incline my heart to Your testimonies
And not to dishonest gain and envy.(FS)
37 
Turn my eyes away from vanity [all those worldly, meaningless things that distract—let Your priorities be mine],
And restore me [with renewed energy] in Your ways.
38 
Establish Your word and confirm Your promise to Your servant,
As that which produces [awe-inspired] reverence for You.(FT)
39 
Turn away my reproach which I dread,
For Your ordinances are good.
40 
I long for Your precepts;
Renew me through Your righteousness.

Vav.

41 
May Your lovingkindness also come to me, O Lord,
Your salvation according to Your promise;
42 
So I will have an answer for the one who taunts me,
For I trust [completely] in Your word [and its reliability].
43 
And do not take the word of truth utterly out of my mouth,
For I wait for Your ordinances.
44 
I will keep Your law continually,
Forever and ever [writing Your precepts on my heart].
45 
And I will walk at liberty,
For I seek and deeply long for Your precepts.
46 
I will also speak of Your testimonies before kings
And shall not be ashamed.(FU)
47 
For I shall delight in Your commandments,
Which I love.
48 
And I shall lift up my hands to Your commandments,
Which I love;
And I will meditate on Your statutes.

Zayin.

49 
Remember [always] the word and promise to Your servant,
In which You have made me hope.
50 
This is my comfort in my affliction,
That Your word has revived me and given me life.(FV)
51 
The arrogant utterly ridicule me,
Yet I do not turn away from Your law.
52 
I have remembered [carefully] Your ancient ordinances, O Lord,
And I have taken comfort.
53 
Burning indignation has seized me because of the wicked,
Who [bk]reject Your law.
54 
Your statutes are my songs
In the house of my pilgrimage.
55 
O Lord, I remember Your name in the night,
And keep Your law.
56 
This has become mine [as the gift of Your grace],
That I observe Your precepts [accepting them with loving obedience].

Heth.

57 
The Lord is my portion;
I have promised to keep Your words.
58 
I sought Your favor with all my heart;
Be merciful and gracious to me according to Your promise.
59 
I considered my ways
And turned my feet to [follow and obey] Your testimonies.
60 
I hurried and did not delay
To keep Your commandments.
61 
The cords of the wicked have encircled and ensnared me,
But I have not forgotten Your law.
62 
At midnight I will rise to give thanks to You
Because of Your righteous ordinances.
63 
I am a companion of all who [reverently] fear You,
And of those who keep and honor Your precepts.
64 
The earth, O Lord, is full of Your lovingkindness and goodness;
Teach me Your statutes.

Teth.

65 
You have dealt well with Your servant,
O Lord, according to Your promise.
66 
Teach me good judgment (discernment) and knowledge,
For I have believed and trusted and relied on Your commandments.
67 
Before I was afflicted I went astray,
But now I keep and honor Your word [with loving obedience].
68 
You are good and do good;
Teach me Your statutes.
69 
The arrogant have forged a lie against me,
But I will keep Your precepts with all my heart.
70 
Their heart is insensitive like fat [their minds are dull and brutal],
But I delight in Your law.
71 
It is good for me that I have been afflicted,
That I may learn Your statutes.
72 
The law from Your mouth is better to me
Than thousands of gold and silver pieces.

Yodh.

73 
Your hands have made me and established me;
Give me understanding and a teachable heart, that I may learn Your commandments.

Footnotes

  1. Psalm 71:1 I.e. have my expectations in Your goodness be disappointed.
  2. Psalm 71:20 Another reading is us.
  3. Psalm 72:9 I.e. lay themselves face down in submission.
  4. Psalm 72:16 I.e. the most barren part of the land.
  5. Psalm 74:7 See note Deut 12:5.
  6. Psalm 74:13 Symbolic of Egypt’s power.
  7. Psalm 74:14 See note Job 41:1.
  8. Psalm 75:1 See note Deut 12:5.
  9. Psalm 77:2 Lit and did not grow numb.
  10. Psalm 77:18 Lit wheel, possibly referring instead to the wheels on God’s chariot.
  11. Psalm 78:38 The ancient Sopherim, the Jewish scholars whose responsibility it was to do counts of all the letters, words, and verses of the OT, said that this verse marks the halfway point in Psalms.
  12. Psalm 78:71 The first impression one might receive from this passage is that God elevated David from the lowliest position in Israel to the highest. But the ancient rabbis said that God tested David’s skills and wisdom as a shepherd. For example, it is said that David held back the bigger sheep from the pasture and brought out the smaller ones first to graze on the tender grass. The rabbis represented God as saying, “He who knows how to shepherd the sheep, each one in proportion to its strength, shall come and shepherd My people.”
  13. Psalm 78:71 Lit following.
  14. Psalm 80:2 It is believed that these three tribes represented all twelve tribes of Israel, Benjamin being incorporated into Judah, Manasseh inhabiting the country beyond the Jordan, and Ephraim the remainder of the land. It was natural for the Israelites to think of the three in one group, for they had camped together on the west side of the tabernacle during the years in the wilderness, and they were also the only descendants of Jacob’s wife Rachel.
  15. Psalm 80:12 I.e. dry-stone walls, built without mortar from loose stones in the fields.
  16. Psalm 81:1 A technical musical term, meaning uncertain.
  17. Psalm 81:3 Or New Moon, lit covering, i.e. when the moon is “covered” or hidden. This was taken by the ancient rabbis to refer to the festival of the Jewish New Year (Rosh Hashana).
  18. Psalm 81:5 Curiously, in this one verse Joseph’s name has an extra letter, an “h.” In an example of rabbinic lore, the ancient rabbis said that because Joseph sanctified the divine name in private (by resisting Potiphar’s wife) he merited having one letter of the divine name (Yahweh) added to his. Another rabbinic explanation is that when Pharaoh was about to elevate Joseph to power, the astrologers demanded that Joseph speak the 70 languages of the world. The angel Gabriel came to teach him, but Joseph was unable until Gabriel added to his name the extra letter from the divine name.
  19. Psalm 82:6 Most of the ancient rabbis understood the idea of “gods” referring to judges, but some applied vv 6, 7 to the Israelites at Sinai and maintained that they would have become immortal as a result of accepting the Law, if only they had not committed the sin of the golden calf.
  20. Psalm 83:13 Or tumbleweed.
  21. Psalm 84:1 A technical musical term, meaning uncertain.
  22. Psalm 84:5 Lit their.
  23. Psalm 84:6 Possibly a kind of plant.
  24. Psalm 85:8 I.e. believers, those in right standing with Him.
  25. Psalm 88:5 Lit Set free. The ancient rabbis understood this to mean that once a man is dead, he is free from all religious duties.
  26. Psalm 88:8 Lit abomination to them.
  27. Psalm 89:25 I.e. extend his area of influence.
  28. Psalm 89:30 Lit forsake.
  29. Psalm 89:36 Lit seed.
  30. Psalm 89:50 Lit the fold of my garment.
  31. Psalm 90:4 This was understood by the ancient rabbis to mean that a “thousand years” are literally only one day in God’s reckoning, and Peter seems to confirm the idea in 2 Pet 3:8.
  32. Psalm 90:10 This psalm is credited to Moses, who is interceding with God to remove the curse which made it necessary for every Israelite over twenty years of age (when they rebelled against God at Kadesh-barnea) to die before reaching the promised land of Canaan (Num 14:26-35). Moses himself lived to be 120 years old, Aaron 123, Miriam several years older, and Joshua 110 years of age; but it is conceivable that Moses considered such longevity the exception. The ancient rabbis taught that by the time of David, 70 was the age of death for an old man and 80 for a vigorous old man.
  33. Psalm 91:1 The wonderful promises of this chapter are dependent upon one’s meeting the conditions stated in these first two verses (see Ex 15:26).
  34. Psalm 92:14 Lit fat and very green.
  35. Psalm 94:6 Widows, resident aliens, and the fatherless were particularly vulnerable members of ancient society, since they often had little or no economic means. The wicked could easily take advantage of them. God in several Old Testament passages commanded Israel to care especially for these helpless members of society. See, for example, Deut 24:17-22; Ps 146:9; Is 1:17; Zech 7:9, 10.
  36. Psalm 96:7 Lit Give.
  37. Psalm 98:1 The ancient rabbis called this song “orphaned” because it is anonymous and has no description with the word “Psalm” (e.g. “A Psalm of Thanksgiving”).
  38. Psalm 98:1 Or accomplished salvation.
  39. Psalm 100:3 Some mss read His we are.
  40. Psalm 102:6 Lit pelican, or some kind of desert bird.
  41. Psalm 104:18 Small, shy, furry animals (Hyrax syriacus) found in the peninsula of the Sinai, northern Israel, and the region around the Dead Sea; kjv coney, orig NASB rock badgers.
  42. Psalm 105:8 There were twenty-six recorded generations from Adam to Moses. The ancient rabbis took “thousand” here very literally and maintained that God originally planned to give the Law to the thousandth generation, but He foresaw that they would be wicked, so He declined to create 974 generations and gave the Law to the twenty-sixth generation (Moses) instead.
  43. Psalm 105:16 Lit broke the whole rod of, referring to the fact that bread was stored as ring-shaped loaves on a rod. If the rod was broken, the loaves fell off and were lost or ruined.
  44. Psalm 105:18 Lit his soul came into.
  45. Psalm 106:7 Lit Sea of Reeds; and so throughout.
  46. Psalm 106:30 The exact meaning of the Hebrew here has been debated since ancient times. The term interceded probably is best because it could refer to Phinehas’ intervention by executing the guilty couple (Num 25:7f), or to his interceding through prayer in behalf of Israel. No such prayer is recorded, but it is certainly possible that Phinehas prayed for relief before or after the execution. The ancient rabbis mostly understood the intercession as a prayer, but some of them took the meaning of the Hebrew to be that Phinehas interceded essentially by arguing with God as to whether it was fair to destroy so many people for the sins of two.
  47. Psalm 106:32 Lit strife.
  48. Psalm 106:40 I.e. people.
  49. Psalm 107:3 Lit sea.
  50. Psalm 108:7 Or sanctuary.
  51. Psalm 108:8 Or lawgiver.
  52. Psalm 108:13 Or In or Through.
  53. Psalm 110:4 In rabbinic legend, Shem (the son of Noah) was Melchizedek, and God had planned to make him the first high priest. But when he blessed Abraham without first blessing God (Gen 14:18f), God gave the priesthood to Abraham instead.
  54. Psalm 110:5 Lit has smashed, probably a prophetic construction, and so in v 6.
  55. Psalm 113:1 It is said that Psalms 113-118 were ordained by the prophets and Torah scholars to be recited as a unit on special holy days. The unit was called the Hallel (Heb “Praise”).
  56. Psalm 113:1 According to Jewish tradition, one who had the office of Reader in a congregation would read the Psalms of the Hallel aloud, and when he came to a command to “Praise the Lord” (Heb Halelu Yah), it was the congregation’s duty to respond with “Hallelujah!”
  57. Psalm 114:3 Some of the ancient rabbis said that the sea saw God’s right hand placed on Moses. Others said that it saw God’s name (YHWH) engraved on Moses’ staff.
  58. Psalm 116:6 In Jewish tradition this became a common saying to explain how some people could do ill-advised things and not suffer for them.
  59. Psalm 116:15 The ancient rabbis interpreted this verse to mean that it is hard for God to declare death upon the righteous.
  60. Psalm 118:22 This refers either to the prominent stone at the top of a corner tower, or perhaps more likely to the stone at the foundation of a corner, the first stone laid for a structure (cf Eph 2:20). The special significance of the latter is that the shape of its sides determined how the walls were laid out. The verse refers prophetically to Jesus the Messiah (see Matt 21:42 etc.), but the ancient rabbis interpreted it as a reference to David, who started as a humble shepherd, not the background one would expect for a king. Some prophetic passages refer to an event in the past that is a precursor or foreshadowing of the future prophetic event.
  61. Psalm 118:27 Lit branches. In Jewish tradition this is interpreted as a ritual for the Feast of Booths. The term “festival” is understood as a reference to the lulav, several branches bound together and later placed against the altar so that they reach to the top of the horns and bend over the altar.
  62. Psalm 119:1 This long Psalm (176 verses) consists of separate units, each of which has its first word beginning with a consecutive letter of the Hebrew alphabet as a memory aid. The first verse begins with the first letter of the alphabet, aleph (first letter of the word blessed), and the last unit of the Psalm (vv 169-176) begins with tav, the last letter of the Hebrew alphabet.
  63. Psalm 119:53 Lit forsake.

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