2 Teacher: I said to myself, “Let me dabble and test you in pleasure and see if there is any good in that.” But look, that, too, was fleeting. ² Of laughter I said, “Foolishness.” Of pleasure, “And in the end what is accomplished?” ³ So I thought about drinking wine, for it soothes the flesh. But all the while my mind was filled with thoughts of wisdom—about how to rein in foolishness—until I might understand the best way for us to live out our brief lives and number of days under heaven. ⁴ Next, I began some enormous projects, building my own houses and planting my own vineyards. ⁵ I designed impressive gardens and parks and planted them with all kinds of fruit trees. ⁶ I installed pools of water to irrigate the forests of young saplings. ⁷ I acquired male and female servants; I even had servants born into my household. I had herds of cattle, flocks of sheep and goats—more than anyone who had ever lived in Jerusalem before me. ⁸ I amassed a fortune in silver and gold, and I stockpiled the treasures of kings and provinces. I hired men and women to sing and entertain me, and I pampered myself with what every man desires—many women. ⁹ I surrounded myself with all this and became great, far greater than anyone who had ever lived in Jerusalem before me. And still, my wisdom never left my side. ¹⁰ Throughout this experiment, I let myself have anything my eyes desired, and I did not withhold from my mind any pleasure. What was the conclusion? My mind found joy in all the work I did—my work was its own reward! ¹¹ As I continued musing over all I had accomplished and the hard work it took, I concluded that all this, too, was fleeting, like trying to embrace the wind. Is there any real gain by all our hard work under the sun?

¹² I turned my attention to the ways of wisdom and folly and madness. I asked, “What is left for those who come after the king to do? They can only repeat what he has already done.”^{[a] 13} I realized that wisdom is better than folly, just as light is better than darkness. ¹⁴ As the old saying goes:

Yet I knew deep down that the same fate comes to both of them. ¹⁵ I said to myself, “Why do I try to be wise when my fate is the same as that of the fool? This pursuit is fleeting too.” ¹⁶ Neither the wise nor the fool will be remembered for very long once they are gone. The wise dies, and the fool alike. All are forgotten in the future. ¹⁷ So I began to hate life itself because all that is done under the sun is so harsh and difficult. Life—everything about it—is fleeting; it’s like trying to pursue the wind.