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The Superscription

The proverbs of Solomon, son of David, king of Israel.

The Purpose of Proverbs

To learn wisdom and discipline,
to understand sayings[a] that give insight,[b]
to acquire discipline to act sensibly,
to acquire righteousness, justice, and fairness,
to give good judgment[c] to the inexperienced,
to give a young man knowledge and foresight.

A wise person should listen, and he will increase learning.
A person with understanding should obtain guidance
so he will understand proverbs, puzzling statements,[d]
and the thought-provoking words of the wise.
The fear of the Lord is the beginning of[e] knowledge,
but stubborn fools despise wisdom and discipline.

Solomon’s Speeches About Wisdom

First Address to a Son:
Avoid the Company of Sinners

Listen, my son, to your father’s discipline,
and do not forsake your mother’s teaching,
because they are a garland of grace for your head.
They are jewelry for your neck.
10 My son, if sinners lure you,
do not go along with them.
11 If they say,
“Come with us.
Let’s lie in wait to shed blood.
Let’s hide and ambush an innocent person for no reason.
12 We will swallow them alive like the grave.
We will swallow them whole
    like those who go down to the pit.
13 We will find all kinds of wealth and treasure.
    We will fill our houses with loot.
14 Cast your lot with us.
    We will all share one bag of money.”
15 My son, do not walk along the road with them.
Do not set foot on their path,
16     because their feet run to do evil,
    and they hurry to shed blood.
17 How useless to spread a net in the sight of any bird!
18 Yet they set up an ambush for their own blood.
They hide in ambush to take their own lives.
19 This is where the path leads for everyone
    who is greedy for stolen property:
It takes away the life of those who possess it.

First Poem About Wisdom: Wisdom Calls but Many Refuse

20 Wisdom calls out loudly in the street.
In the public squares she raises her voice.
21 At the noisy street corners she calls out.
At the entrances to the city gates she speaks her words:
22 “How long will you gullible[f] people love being gullible?
How long will scoffers delight in their scoffing?
How long will fools hate knowledge?
23 If you respond to my warning,
I will pour out my spirit for you.
I will make my words known to you.
24 Because I called, but you refused to listen,
because I stretched out my hand, but no one paid attention,
25 because you ignored all my advice,
and you did not accept my warning,
26 therefore I will laugh at your calamity.
I will jeer when terror strikes you,
27 when terror strikes you like a violent storm,
when calamity strikes you like a windstorm,
when trouble and distress come upon you.
28 Then they will call to me, but I will not answer.
They will look for me, but they will not find me,
29 because they hated knowledge,
and they did not choose the fear of the Lord.
30 They would not accept my advice,
and they despised all my warnings.
31 So they will eat the fruit of their own way,
and they will be stuffed with their own schemes.
32 Therefore the wandering ways[g] of the gullible kill them,
and the complacency of fools destroys them.
33 But whoever listens to me will live in safety.
He will be secure, without fear of evil.”

Footnotes

  1. Proverbs 1:2 Or axioms
  2. Proverbs 1:2 Or discernment
  3. Proverbs 1:4 Or prudence
  4. Proverbs 1:6 Or enigmas
  5. Proverbs 1:7 Or prerequisite for or most important part of
  6. Proverbs 1:22 Or naïve
  7. Proverbs 1:32 Or apostasy

The Value of Wise Sayings

The proverbs of Solomon son of David, king of Israel:

to acquire wisdom and discipline,
to understand the words of insight,
to receive instruction in wise behavior,
righteousness, justice and fairness,
to give discernment to the naïve,
knowledge and discretion to the youth
(let the wise listen and increase learning
and the discerning obtain wise counsel)
to understand a proverb and a puzzle,
the sayings of the wise and their riddles.

The Wisdom of Parents

The fear of Adonai is the beginning of knowledge,
but fools despise wisdom and discipline.
Hear, my son, your father’s instruction
and forsake not your mother’s teaching.
For they are a garland of grace for your head
and a chain to adorn your neck.

Avoid a Bloodthirsty Gang

10 My son, if sinners entice you, do not give in.
11 Suppose they say: “Come with us!
Let’s lie in wait for blood!
Let’s ambush the innocent—for no reason!
12 Let’s swallow them alive like Sheol
    still healthy, as they go down to the Pit!
13 We’ll find all sorts of valuable things,
    we’ll fill our homes with loot!
14 Throw your lot in with us—
    we’ll all have one wallet.”
15 My son, do not go along with them,
keep your foot from their path—
16 for their feet run to evil
    and they are swift to shed blood.
17 Surely it is useless to spread a net
in the eyes of all winged creatures!
18 But they lie in wait for their own blood.
They ambush their own lives.
19 Such is the fate of all gaining by violence.
It takes the life of its possessor.

Wisdom Calls, But Who Listens?

20 Wisdom calls aloud in the streets,
she raises her voice in public squares.
21 She cries out above the commotion.
At the entrances of the city gates, she utters her speech:
22 “How long will you naïve ones love simplicity,
you scoffers delight in scoffing,
and you fools hate knowledge?
23 You are repulsed at my rebuke.
Behold, I pour out my heart to you.
I will make my words known to you.
24 Because you refused when I called,
and did not pay attention when I stretched out my hand,
25 since you ignore all my advice
and would not accept my rebuke,
26 I in turn will laugh at your calamity.
I will mock when dread comes on you,
27 when your terror comes like a storm
    and your calamity sweeps over you like a whirlwind,
when trouble and distress overwhelm you!
28 Then they will cry out to me, but I will not answer!
They will earnestly seek me, but will not find me.
29 Because they hated knowledge
and did not choose the fear of Adonai,
30 they would not accept my counsel,
they spurned all my reproof,
31 so they will eat the fruit of their own way
and be filled with their own schemes.
32 For the backsliding of the naïve will kill them
and the complacency of fools will destroy them.
33 But whoever pays attention to me will live securely,
and be free from the fear of evil.”

Purpose and Theme

The proverbs(A) of Solomon(B) son of David, king of Israel:(C)

for gaining wisdom and instruction;
    for understanding words of insight;
for receiving instruction in prudent behavior,
    doing what is right and just and fair;
for giving prudence to those who are simple,[a](D)
    knowledge and discretion(E) to the young—
let the wise listen and add to their learning,(F)
    and let the discerning get guidance—
for understanding proverbs and parables,(G)
    the sayings and riddles(H) of the wise.[b](I)

The fear of the Lord(J) is the beginning of knowledge,
    but fools[c] despise wisdom(K) and instruction.(L)

Prologue: Exhortations to Embrace Wisdom

Warning Against the Invitation of Sinful Men

Listen, my son,(M) to your father’s(N) instruction
    and do not forsake your mother’s teaching.(O)
They are a garland to grace your head
    and a chain to adorn your neck.(P)

10 My son, if sinful men entice(Q) you,
    do not give in(R) to them.(S)
11 If they say, “Come along with us;
    let’s lie in wait(T) for innocent blood,
    let’s ambush some harmless soul;
12 let’s swallow(U) them alive, like the grave,
    and whole, like those who go down to the pit;(V)
13 we will get all sorts of valuable things
    and fill our houses with plunder;
14 cast lots with us;
    we will all share the loot(W)”—
15 my son, do not go along with them,
    do not set foot(X) on their paths;(Y)
16 for their feet rush into evil,(Z)
    they are swift to shed blood.(AA)
17 How useless to spread a net
    where every bird can see it!
18 These men lie in wait(AB) for their own blood;
    they ambush only themselves!(AC)
19 Such are the paths of all who go after ill-gotten gain;
    it takes away the life of those who get it.(AD)

Wisdom’s Rebuke

20 Out in the open wisdom calls aloud,(AE)
    she raises her voice in the public square;
21 on top of the wall[d] she cries out,
    at the city gate she makes her speech:

22 “How long will you who are simple(AF) love your simple ways?
    How long will mockers delight in mockery
    and fools hate(AG) knowledge?
23 Repent at my rebuke!
    Then I will pour out my thoughts to you,
    I will make known to you my teachings.
24 But since you refuse(AH) to listen when I call(AI)
    and no one pays attention(AJ) when I stretch out my hand,
25 since you disregard all my advice
    and do not accept my rebuke,
26 I in turn will laugh(AK) when disaster(AL) strikes you;
    I will mock(AM) when calamity overtakes you(AN)
27 when calamity overtakes you like a storm,
    when disaster(AO) sweeps over you like a whirlwind,
    when distress and trouble overwhelm you.

28 “Then they will call to me but I will not answer;(AP)
    they will look for me but will not find me,(AQ)
29 since they hated knowledge
    and did not choose to fear the Lord.(AR)
30 Since they would not accept my advice
    and spurned my rebuke,(AS)
31 they will eat the fruit of their ways
    and be filled with the fruit of their schemes.(AT)
32 For the waywardness of the simple will kill them,
    and the complacency of fools will destroy them;(AU)
33 but whoever listens to me will live in safety(AV)
    and be at ease, without fear of harm.”(AW)

Footnotes

  1. Proverbs 1:4 The Hebrew word rendered simple in Proverbs denotes a person who is gullible, without moral direction and inclined to evil.
  2. Proverbs 1:6 Or understanding a proverb, namely, a parable, / and the sayings of the wise, their riddles
  3. Proverbs 1:7 The Hebrew words rendered fool in Proverbs, and often elsewhere in the Old Testament, denote a person who is morally deficient.
  4. Proverbs 1:21 Septuagint; Hebrew / at noisy street corners