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12 Do you see people wise in their own eyes?
    There is more hope for fools than for them.(A)
13 The lazy person says, “There is a lion in the road!
    There is a lion in the streets!”(B)
14 As a door turns on its hinges,
    so does a lazy person in bed.
15 The lazy person buries a hand in the dish
    and is too tired to bring it back to the mouth.(C)
16 The lazy person is wiser in self-esteem
    than seven who can answer discreetly.
17 Like someone who takes a passing dog by the ears
    is one who meddles in the quarrel of another.(D)
18 Like a maniac who shoots deadly firebrands and arrows,(E)
19 so is one who deceives a neighbor
    and says, “I am only joking!”(F)
20 For lack of wood the fire goes out,
    and where there is no whisperer, quarreling ceases.(G)
21 As charcoal is to hot embers and wood to fire,
    so is a quarrelsome person for kindling strife.(H)
22 The words of a whisperer are like delicious morsels;
    they go down into the inner parts of the body.(I)
23 Like the glaze[a] covering an earthen vessel
    are smooth[b] lips with an evil heart.
24 An enemy dissembles in speaking
    while harboring deceit within;(J)
25 when an enemy speaks graciously, do not believe it,
    for there are seven abominations concealed within;(K)
26 though hatred is covered with guile,
    the enemy’s wickedness will be exposed in the assembly.(L)
27 Whoever digs a pit will fall into it,
    and a stone will come back on the one who starts it rolling.(M)
28 A lying tongue hates its victims,
    and a flattering mouth works ruin.(N)

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Footnotes

  1. 26.23 Cn: Heb silver of dross
  2. 26.23 Gk: Heb burning

12 Do you see a person wise in their own eyes?(A)
    There is more hope for a fool than for them.(B)

13 A sluggard says,(C) “There’s a lion in the road,
    a fierce lion roaming the streets!”(D)
14 As a door turns on its hinges,
    so a sluggard turns on his bed.(E)
15 A sluggard buries his hand in the dish;
    he is too lazy to bring it back to his mouth.(F)
16 A sluggard is wiser in his own eyes
    than seven people who answer discreetly.

17 Like one who grabs a stray dog by the ears
    is someone who rushes into a quarrel not their own.

18 Like a maniac shooting
    flaming arrows of death
19 is one who deceives their neighbor
    and says, “I was only joking!”

20 Without wood a fire goes out;
    without a gossip a quarrel dies down.(G)
21 As charcoal to embers and as wood to fire,
    so is a quarrelsome person for kindling strife.(H)
22 The words of a gossip are like choice morsels;
    they go down to the inmost parts.(I)

23 Like a coating of silver dross on earthenware
    are fervent[a] lips with an evil heart.
24 Enemies disguise themselves with their lips,(J)
    but in their hearts they harbor deceit.(K)
25 Though their speech is charming,(L) do not believe them,
    for seven abominations fill their hearts.(M)
26 Their malice may be concealed by deception,
    but their wickedness will be exposed in the assembly.
27 Whoever digs a pit(N) will fall into it;(O)
    if someone rolls a stone, it will roll back on them.(P)
28 A lying tongue hates those it hurts,
    and a flattering mouth(Q) works ruin.

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Footnotes

  1. Proverbs 26:23 Hebrew; Septuagint smooth

The Example of Abraham

What then are we to say was gained by[a] Abraham, our ancestor according to the flesh? For if Abraham was justified by works, he has something to boast about, but not before God.(A) For what does the scripture say? “Abraham believed[b] God, and it was reckoned to him as righteousness.”(B) Now to one who works, wages are not reckoned as a gift but as something due.(C) But to one who does not work but trusts him who justifies the ungodly, such faith is reckoned as righteousness. So also David pronounces a blessing on those to whom God reckons righteousness apart from works:

“Blessed are those whose iniquities are forgiven
    and whose sins are covered;(D)
blessed is the one against whom the Lord will not reckon sin.”

Is this blessing, then, pronounced only on the circumcised or also on the uncircumcised? We say, “Faith was reckoned to Abraham as righteousness.” 10 How then was it reckoned to him? Was it before or after he had been circumcised? It was not after but before he was circumcised. 11 He received the sign of circumcision as a seal of the righteousness that he had by faith[c] while he was still uncircumcised. The purpose was to make him the ancestor of all who believe[d] without being circumcised and who thus have righteousness reckoned to them,(E) 12 and likewise the ancestor of the circumcised who are not only circumcised but follow the example of the faith that our ancestor Abraham had before he was circumcised.

God’s Promise Realized through Faith

13 For the promise that he would inherit the world did not come to Abraham or to his descendants through the law but through the righteousness of faith.(F) 14 For if it is the adherents of the law who are to be the heirs, faith is null and the promise is void. 15 For the law brings wrath, but where there is no law, neither is there transgression.(G)

16 For this reason the promise depends on faith, in order that it may rest on grace, so that it may be guaranteed to all his descendants, not only to the adherents of the law but also to those who share the faith of Abraham (who is the father of all of us,(H) 17 as it is written, “I have made you the father of many nations”), in the presence of the God in whom he believed,[e] who gives life to the dead and calls into existence the things that do not exist.(I) 18 Hoping against hope, he believed that he would become “the father of many nations,” according to what was said, “So shall your descendants be.” 19 He did not weaken in faith when he considered his own body, which was already[f] as good as dead (for he was about a hundred years old), and the barrenness of Sarah’s womb.(J) 20 No distrust made him waver concerning the promise of God, but he grew strong in his faith as he gave glory to God, 21 being fully convinced that God was able to do what he had promised.(K) 22 Therefore “it was reckoned to him as righteousness.” 23 Now the words, “it was reckoned to him,” were written not for his sake alone(L) 24 but for ours also. It will be reckoned to us who believe[g] in him who raised Jesus our Lord from the dead,(M) 25 who was handed over for our trespasses and was raised for our justification.(N)

Footnotes

  1. 4.1 Other ancient authorities read say about
  2. 4.3 Or trusted in
  3. 4.11 Or trust
  4. 4.11 Or trust
  5. 4.17 Or trusted
  6. 4.19 Other ancient authorities lack already
  7. 4.24 Or trust

Abraham Justified by Faith

What then shall we say(A) that Abraham, our forefather according to the flesh,(B) discovered in this matter? If, in fact, Abraham was justified by works, he had something to boast about—but not before God.(C) What does Scripture say? “Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness.”[a](D)

Now to the one who works, wages are not credited as a gift(E) but as an obligation. However, to the one who does not work but trusts God who justifies the ungodly, their faith is credited as righteousness.(F) David says the same thing when he speaks of the blessedness of the one to whom God credits righteousness apart from works:

“Blessed are those
    whose transgressions are forgiven,
    whose sins are covered.
Blessed is the one
    whose sin the Lord will never count against them.”[b](G)

Is this blessedness only for the circumcised, or also for the uncircumcised?(H) We have been saying that Abraham’s faith was credited to him as righteousness.(I) 10 Under what circumstances was it credited? Was it after he was circumcised, or before? It was not after, but before! 11 And he received circumcision as a sign, a seal of the righteousness that he had by faith while he was still uncircumcised.(J) So then, he is the father(K) of all who believe(L) but have not been circumcised, in order that righteousness might be credited to them. 12 And he is then also the father of the circumcised who not only are circumcised but who also follow in the footsteps of the faith that our father Abraham had before he was circumcised.

13 It was not through the law that Abraham and his offspring received the promise(M) that he would be heir of the world,(N) but through the righteousness that comes by faith.(O) 14 For if those who depend on the law are heirs, faith means nothing and the promise is worthless,(P) 15 because the law brings wrath.(Q) And where there is no law there is no transgression.(R)

16 Therefore, the promise comes by faith, so that it may be by grace(S) and may be guaranteed(T) to all Abraham’s offspring—not only to those who are of the law but also to those who have the faith of Abraham. He is the father of us all.(U) 17 As it is written: “I have made you a father of many nations.”[c](V) He is our father in the sight of God, in whom he believed—the God who gives life(W) to the dead and calls(X) into being things that were not.(Y)

18 Against all hope, Abraham in hope believed and so became the father of many nations,(Z) just as it had been said to him, “So shall your offspring be.”[d](AA) 19 Without weakening in his faith, he faced the fact that his body was as good as dead(AB)—since he was about a hundred years old(AC)—and that Sarah’s womb was also dead.(AD) 20 Yet he did not waver through unbelief regarding the promise of God, but was strengthened(AE) in his faith and gave glory to God,(AF) 21 being fully persuaded that God had power to do what he had promised.(AG) 22 This is why “it was credited to him as righteousness.”(AH) 23 The words “it was credited to him” were written not for him alone, 24 but also for us,(AI) to whom God will credit righteousness—for us who believe in him(AJ) who raised Jesus our Lord from the dead.(AK) 25 He was delivered over to death for our sins(AL) and was raised to life for our justification.(AM)

Footnotes

  1. Romans 4:3 Gen. 15:6; also in verse 22
  2. Romans 4:8 Psalm 32:1,2
  3. Romans 4:17 Gen. 17:5
  4. Romans 4:18 Gen. 15:5

27 Do not boast about tomorrow,
    for you do not know what a day may bring.(A)
Let another praise you and not your own mouth,
    a stranger and not your own lips.(B)
A stone is heavy, and sand is weighty,
    but a fool’s provocation is heavier than both.(C)
Wrath is cruel, anger is overwhelming,
    but who is able to stand before jealousy?
Better is open rebuke
    than hidden love.(D)
Well meant are the wounds a friend inflicts,
    but profuse are the kisses of an enemy.
The sated appetite spurns honey,
    but to a ravenous appetite even the bitter is sweet.(E)
Like a bird that strays from its nest
    is one who strays from home.
Perfume and incense make the heart glad,
    but the soul is torn by trouble.[a]
10 Do not forsake your friend or the friend of your parent;
    do not go to the house of your kindred in the day of your calamity.
Better is a neighbor who is nearby
    than kindred who are far away.(F)
11 Be wise, my child, and make my heart glad,
    so that I may answer whoever reproaches me.(G)
12 The clever see danger and hide,
    but the simple go on and suffer for it.(H)
13 Take the garment of one who has given surety for a stranger;
    seize the pledge given as surety for foreigners.[b](I)
14 Whoever blesses a neighbor with a loud voice,
    rising early in the morning,
    will be counted as cursing.
15 A continual dripping on a rainy day
    and a contentious wife are alike;(J)
16 to restrain her is to restrain the wind
    or to grasp oil in the right hand.[c]
17 Iron sharpens iron,
    and one person sharpens the wits[d] of another.
18 Anyone who tends a fig tree will eat its fruit,
    and anyone who takes care of a master will be honored.(K)
19 Just as water reflects the face,
    so one human heart reflects another.
20 Sheol and Abaddon are never satisfied,
    and human eyes are never satisfied.(L)
21 The crucible is for silver, and the furnace is for gold,
    so a person is tested[e] by being praised.(M)
22 Crush a fool in a mortar with a pestle
    along with crushed grain,
    but the folly will not be driven out.(N)

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Footnotes

  1. 27.9 Gk: Heb the sweetness of a friend is better than one’s own counsel
  2. 27.13 Vg and 20.16: Heb for a foreign woman
  3. 27.16 Meaning of Heb uncertain
  4. 27.17 Heb face
  5. 27.21 Heb lacks is tested

27 Do not boast(A) about tomorrow,
    for you do not know what a day may bring.(B)

Let someone else praise you, and not your own mouth;
    an outsider, and not your own lips.(C)

Stone is heavy and sand(D) a burden,
    but a fool’s provocation is heavier than both.

Anger is cruel and fury overwhelming,
    but who can stand before jealousy?(E)

Better is open rebuke
    than hidden love.

Wounds from a friend can be trusted,
    but an enemy multiplies kisses.(F)

One who is full loathes honey from the comb,
    but to the hungry even what is bitter tastes sweet.

Like a bird that flees its nest(G)
    is anyone who flees from home.

Perfume(H) and incense bring joy to the heart,
    and the pleasantness of a friend
    springs from their heartfelt advice.

10 Do not forsake your friend or a friend of your family,
    and do not go to your relative’s house when disaster(I) strikes you—
    better a neighbor nearby than a relative far away.

11 Be wise, my son, and bring joy to my heart;(J)
    then I can answer anyone who treats me with contempt.(K)

12 The prudent see danger and take refuge,
    but the simple keep going and pay the penalty.(L)

13 Take the garment of one who puts up security for a stranger;
    hold it in pledge if it is done for an outsider.(M)

14 If anyone loudly blesses their neighbor early in the morning,
    it will be taken as a curse.

15 A quarrelsome wife is like the dripping(N)
    of a leaky roof in a rainstorm;
16 restraining her is like restraining the wind
    or grasping oil with the hand.

17 As iron sharpens iron,
    so one person sharpens another.

18 The one who guards a fig tree will eat its fruit,(O)
    and whoever protects their master will be honored.(P)

19 As water reflects the face,
    so one’s life reflects the heart.[a]

20 Death and Destruction[b] are never satisfied,(Q)
    and neither are human eyes.(R)

21 The crucible for silver and the furnace for gold,(S)
    but people are tested by their praise.

22 Though you grind a fool in a mortar,
    grinding them like grain with a pestle,
    you will not remove their folly from them.

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Footnotes

  1. Proverbs 27:19 Or so others reflect your heart back to you
  2. Proverbs 27:20 Hebrew Abaddon

24 After those days his wife Elizabeth conceived, and for five months she remained in seclusion. She said, 25 “This is what the Lord has done for me in this time, when he looked favorably on me and took away the disgrace I have endured among my people.”(A)

The Birth of Jesus Foretold

26 In the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent by God to a town in Galilee called Nazareth,(B) 27 to a virgin engaged to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David. The virgin’s name was Mary.(C) 28 And he came to her and said, “Greetings, favored one! The Lord is with you.”[a](D) 29 But she was much perplexed by his words and pondered what sort of greeting this might be. 30 The angel said to her, “Do not be afraid, Mary, for you have found favor with God. 31 And now, you will conceive in your womb and bear a son, and you will name him Jesus.(E) 32 He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High, and the Lord God will give to him the throne of his ancestor David.(F) 33 He will reign over the house of Jacob forever, and of his kingdom there will be no end.”(G) 34 Mary said to the angel, “How can this be, since I am a virgin?”[b] 35 The angel said to her, “The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you; therefore the child to be born[c] will be holy; he will be called Son of God.(H) 36 And now, your relative Elizabeth in her old age has also conceived a son, and this is the sixth month for her who was said to be barren. 37 For nothing will be impossible with God.”(I) 38 Then Mary said, “Here am I, the servant of the Lord; let it be with me according to your word.” Then the angel departed from her.

Mary Visits Elizabeth

39 In those days Mary set out and went with haste to a Judean town in the hill country, 40 where she entered the house of Zechariah and greeted Elizabeth. 41 When Elizabeth heard Mary’s greeting, the child leaped in her womb. And Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit 42 and exclaimed with a loud cry, “Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb.(J) 43 And why has this happened to me, that the mother of my Lord comes to me?(K) 44 For as soon as I heard the sound of your greeting, the child in my womb leaped for joy. 45 And blessed is she who believed that there would be[d] a fulfillment of what was spoken to her by the Lord.”

Mary’s Song of Praise

46 And Mary[e] said,

“My soul magnifies the Lord,(L)
47     and my spirit rejoices in God my Savior,(M)
48 for he has looked with favor on the lowly state of his servant.
    Surely from now on all generations will call me blessed,(N)
49 for the Mighty One has done great things for me,
    and holy is his name;(O)
50 indeed, his mercy is for those who fear him
    from generation to generation.(P)
51 He has shown strength with his arm;
    he has scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts.(Q)
52 He has brought down the powerful from their thrones
    and lifted up the lowly;(R)
53 he has filled the hungry with good things
    and sent the rich away empty.(S)
54 He has come to the aid of his child Israel,
    in remembrance of his mercy,(T)
55 according to the promise he made to our ancestors,
    to Abraham and to his descendants forever.”(U)

56 And Mary remained with her about three months and then returned to her home.

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Footnotes

  1. 1.28 Other ancient authorities add Blessed are you among women
  2. 1.34 Gk I do not know a man
  3. 1.35 Other ancient authorities add of you
  4. 1.45 Or believed, for there will be
  5. 1.46 Other ancient authorities read Elizabeth

24 After this his wife Elizabeth became pregnant and for five months remained in seclusion. 25 “The Lord has done this for me,” she said. “In these days he has shown his favor and taken away my disgrace(A) among the people.”

The Birth of Jesus Foretold

26 In the sixth month of Elizabeth’s pregnancy, God sent the angel Gabriel(B) to Nazareth,(C) a town in Galilee, 27 to a virgin pledged to be married to a man named Joseph,(D) a descendant of David. The virgin’s name was Mary. 28 The angel went to her and said, “Greetings, you who are highly favored! The Lord is with you.”

29 Mary was greatly troubled at his words and wondered what kind of greeting this might be. 30 But the angel said to her, “Do not be afraid,(E) Mary; you have found favor with God.(F) 31 You will conceive and give birth to a son, and you are to call him Jesus.(G) 32 He will be great and will be called the Son of the Most High.(H) The Lord God will give him the throne of his father David,(I) 33 and he will reign over Jacob’s descendants forever; his kingdom(J) will never end.”(K)

34 “How will this be,” Mary asked the angel, “since I am a virgin?”

35 The angel answered, “The Holy Spirit will come on you,(L) and the power of the Most High(M) will overshadow you. So the holy one(N) to be born will be called[a] the Son of God.(O) 36 Even Elizabeth your relative is going to have a child(P) in her old age, and she who was said to be unable to conceive is in her sixth month. 37 For no word from God will ever fail.”(Q)

38 “I am the Lord’s servant,” Mary answered. “May your word to me be fulfilled.” Then the angel left her.

Mary Visits Elizabeth

39 At that time Mary got ready and hurried to a town in the hill country of Judea,(R) 40 where she entered Zechariah’s home and greeted Elizabeth. 41 When Elizabeth heard Mary’s greeting, the baby leaped in her womb, and Elizabeth was filled with the Holy Spirit.(S) 42 In a loud voice she exclaimed: “Blessed are you among women,(T) and blessed is the child you will bear! 43 But why am I so favored, that the mother of my Lord(U) should come to me? 44 As soon as the sound of your greeting reached my ears, the baby in my womb leaped for joy. 45 Blessed is she who has believed that the Lord would fulfill his promises to her!”

Mary’s Song(V)

46 And Mary said:

“My soul glorifies the Lord(W)
47     and my spirit rejoices in God my Savior,(X)
48 for he has been mindful
    of the humble state of his servant.(Y)
From now on all generations will call me blessed,(Z)
49     for the Mighty One has done great things(AA) for me—
    holy is his name.(AB)
50 His mercy extends to those who fear him,
    from generation to generation.(AC)
51 He has performed mighty deeds with his arm;(AD)
    he has scattered those who are proud in their inmost thoughts.(AE)
52 He has brought down rulers from their thrones
    but has lifted up the humble.(AF)
53 He has filled the hungry with good things(AG)
    but has sent the rich away empty.
54 He has helped his servant Israel,
    remembering to be merciful(AH)
55 to Abraham and his descendants(AI) forever,
    just as he promised our ancestors.”

56 Mary stayed with Elizabeth for about three months and then returned home.

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Footnotes

  1. Luke 1:35 Or So the child to be born will be called holy,