Introduction

Proverbes de Salomon[a], fils de David, roi d’Israël. Ils ont pour but d’enseigner aux hommes la sagesse et de les éduquer, pour qu’ils comprennent les paroles prononcées avec intelligence, et qu’ils reçoivent une éducation réfléchie en vue d’être justes, de vivre selon le droit et dans la droiture. Ces proverbes donneront aux gens sans expérience[b] le bon sens et aux jeunes de la connaissance et du jugement. Que le sage écoute et il enrichira son savoir, et l’homme avisé acquerra l’art de bien se conduire. Ces proverbes sont destinés à faire comprendre les maximes et les paraboles et à pénétrer les propos des sages et leurs paroles énigmatiques.

La clé de la sagesse

C’est par la crainte de l’Eternel que commence la connaissance[c],
mépriser la sagesse et l’éducation, c’est être un insensé.

La vie selon la Sagesse

Se garder de mauvaises fréquentations

Mon fils, sois attentif à l’éducation que tu reçois de ton père
et ne néglige pas l’instruction de ta mère,
car elles seront comme une belle couronne sur ta tête
et comme des colliers à ton cou.
10 Mon fils, si des gens malfaisants veulent t’entraîner,
ne leur cède pas.
11 S’ils te disent : « Viens avec nous,
dressons une embuscade pour tuer quelqu’un,
tendons, sans raison, un piège à l’innocent :
12 nous l’engloutirons tout vif comme le séjour des morts,
il disparaîtra tout entier comme ceux qui descendent dans la tombe.
13 Nous ferons main basse sur un tas de biens précieux,
nous remplirons nos maisons de butin.
14 Tu en auras ta part avec nous,
nous ferons tous bourse commune »,
15 mon fils, ne te mets pas en route avec ces gens-là,
évite d’emprunter les mêmes chemins qu’eux,
16 car ils se précipitent vers le mal,
ils ont hâte de répandre le sang.
17 Mais il est vain de vouloir tendre un filet
pendant que tous les oiseaux t’observent[d].
18 En vérité, c’est au péril de leur propre vie que ces gens-là dressent des embûches,
c’est à eux-mêmes qu’ils tendent des pièges.
19 C’est à cela qu’aboutiront tous ceux qui cherchent à s’enrichir par des voies malhonnêtes :
un gain mal acquis fait périr celui qui le détient.

Les appels de la sagesse

20 La Sagesse crie bien haut dans les rues,
sa voix résonne sur les places publiques.
21 Dominant le tumulte, elle appelle.
Près des portes de la ville[e], elle fait entendre ses paroles, disant :
22 Gens sans expérience, jusques à quand vous complairez-vous dans votre inexpérience ?
Et vous, moqueurs, jusqu’à quand prendrez-vous plaisir à vous moquer ?
Et vous, insensés, jusqu’à quand détesterez-vous la connaissance ?
23 Ecoutez mes avertissements,
voici : je répandrai sur vous mon Esprit
et je vous ferai connaître mes paroles.
24 J’ai appelé et vous m’avez résisté,
j’ai tendu la main et personne n’y a prêté attention.
25 Vous avez rejeté tous mes conseils
et vous n’avez pas voulu de mes avertissements.
26 C’est pourquoi, lorsque le malheur fondra sur vous, je rirai,
quand la terreur vous saisira, je me moquerai.
27 Quand l’épouvante, comme une tempête, viendra sur vous,
que le malheur fondra sur vous comme un ouragan,
et que la détresse et l’angoisse vous assailliront,
28 alors ils m’appelleront, mais je ne répondrai pas.
Ils me chercheront, mais ne me trouveront pas[f].
29 Puisqu’ils ont détesté la connaissance
et qu’ils n’ont pas choisi de craindre l’Eternel,
30 qu’ils n’ont pas voulu de mes conseils
et qu’ils ont dédaigné tous mes avertissements,
31 eh bien, ils récolteront les fruits de leur conduite
et ils se repaîtront jusqu’à ce qu’ils en aient plus qu’assez de leurs propres projets.
32 Car la présomption des gens inexpérimentés causera leur mort,
et l’assurance des insensés les perdra.
33 Mais celui qui m’écoute habitera en sécurité,
il vivra tranquille, sans avoir à redouter le malheur.

Footnotes

  1. 1.1 Pour les noms proverbes et Salomon, voir l’introduction.
  2. 1.4 gens sans expérience: expression qui traduit un mot hébreu rendu aussi, dans les Proverbes, par stupides.
  3. 1.7 Voir 9.10 ; 15.33 ; 31.30 ; Jb 28.28 ; Ps 111.10.
  4. 1.17 L’oiseau aperçoit le filet et s’envole. Le jeune homme averti fait comme lui et évite les pièges qui se retournent en fin de compte contre ceux qui les tendent (v. 18).
  5. 1.21 Les juges siégeaient aux portes de la ville (31.23 ; Rt 4.11 ; Jb 29.7), les marchés se tenaient sur les places attenantes (2 R 7.1).
  6. 1.28 Voir Jr 11.11 ; Mi 3.4.

The Beginning of Knowledge

The (A)proverbs of Solomon the son of David, king of Israel:

To know wisdom and instruction,
To [a]perceive the words of understanding,
To receive the instruction of wisdom,
Justice, judgment, and equity;
To give prudence to the (B)simple,
To the young man knowledge and discretion—
(C)A wise man will hear and increase learning,
And a man of understanding will [b]attain wise counsel,
To understand a proverb and an enigma,
The words of the wise and their (D)riddles.

(E)The fear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge,
But fools despise wisdom and instruction.

Shun Evil Counsel

(F)My son, hear the instruction of your father,
And do not forsake the law of your mother;
For they will be a (G)graceful ornament on your head,
And chains about your neck.

10 My son, if sinners entice you,
(H)Do not consent.
11 If they say, “Come with us,
Let us (I)lie in wait to shed blood;
Let us lurk secretly for the innocent without cause;
12 Let us swallow them alive like [c]Sheol,
And whole, (J)like those who go down to the Pit;
13 We shall find all kinds of precious [d]possessions,
We shall fill our houses with [e]spoil;
14 Cast in your lot among us,
Let us all have one purse”—
15 My son, (K)do not walk in the way with them,
(L)Keep your foot from their path;
16 (M)For their feet run to evil,
And they make haste to shed blood.
17 Surely, in [f]vain the net is spread
In the sight of any [g]bird;
18 But they lie in wait for their own blood,
They lurk secretly for their own lives.
19 (N)So are the ways of everyone who is greedy for gain;
It takes away the life of its owners.

The Call of Wisdom

20 (O)Wisdom calls aloud [h]outside;
She raises her voice in the open squares.
21 She cries out in the [i]chief concourses,
At the openings of the gates in the city
She speaks her words:
22 “How long, you [j]simple ones, will you love [k]simplicity?
For scorners delight in their scorning,
And fools hate knowledge.
23 Turn at my rebuke;
Surely (P)I will pour out my spirit on you;
I will make my words known to you.
24 (Q)Because I have called and you refused,
I have stretched out my hand and no one regarded,
25 Because you (R)disdained all my counsel,
And would have none of my rebuke,
26 (S)I also will laugh at your calamity;
I will mock when your terror comes,
27 When (T)your terror comes like a storm,
And your destruction comes like a whirlwind,
When distress and anguish come upon you.

28 “Then(U) they will call on me, but I will not answer;
They will seek me diligently, but they will not find me.
29 Because they (V)hated knowledge
And did not (W)choose the fear of the Lord,
30 (X)They would have none of my counsel
And despised my every rebuke.
31 Therefore (Y)they shall eat the fruit of their own way,
And be filled to the full with their own fancies.
32 For the [l]turning away of the simple will slay them,
And the complacency of fools will destroy them;
33 But whoever listens to me will dwell (Z)safely,
And (AA)will be [m]secure, without fear of evil.”

Footnotes

  1. Proverbs 1:2 understand or discern
  2. Proverbs 1:5 acquire
  3. Proverbs 1:12 Or the grave
  4. Proverbs 1:13 Lit. wealth
  5. Proverbs 1:13 plunder
  6. Proverbs 1:17 futility
  7. Proverbs 1:17 Lit. lord of the wing
  8. Proverbs 1:20 in the street
  9. Proverbs 1:21 LXX, Syr., Tg. top of the walls; Vg. the head of multitudes
  10. Proverbs 1:22 naive
  11. Proverbs 1:22 naivete
  12. Proverbs 1:32 waywardness
  13. Proverbs 1:33 at ease

The Purpose and Theme

The proverbs of Solomon, the son of David, king of Israel:

To know wisdom and instruction,
    to perceive the words of understanding,
to receive the instruction of wisdom,
    justice, judgment, and equity;
to give subtlety to the simple,
    to the young man knowledge and discretion—
a wise man will hear and will increase learning,
    and a man of understanding will attain wise counsel,
to understand a proverb and the interpretation,
    the words of the wise and their riddles.

The fear of the Lord is the beginning of knowledge,
    but fools despise wisdom and instruction.

The Prologue: Embrace Wisdom

My son, hear the instruction of your father,
    and do not forsake the teaching of your mother;
for they will be a garland of grace on your head,
    and chains about your neck.

10 My son, if sinners entice you,
    do not consent.
11 If they say, “Come with us,
    let us lie in wait for blood;
    let us lurk secretly for the innocent without cause;
12 let us swallow them up alive as the grave,
    and whole, as those who go down into the pit;
13 we will find all kinds of precious possessions;
    we will fill our houses with spoil;
14 cast in your lot among us,
    let us all have one purse”—
15 my son, do not walk in the way with them,
    keep your foot from their path;
16 for their feet run to evil
    and make haste to shed blood.
17 Surely in vain the net is spread
    in the sight of any bird.
18 They lie in wait for their own blood;
    they lurk secretly for their own lives.
19 So are the ways of everyone who is greedy of gain,
    which takes away the life of its owners.

The Call of Wisdom

20 Wisdom cries out in the street;
    she utters her voice in the markets.
21 She cries at the corner of the streets, in the openings of the gates;
    she speaks her words in the city, saying:

22 “How long, you simple ones, will you love simplicity?
    For the scorners delight in their scorning,
    and fools hate knowledge.
23 Turn at my reproof;
    surely I will pour out my spirit on you;
    I will make my words known to you.
24 Because I have called and you refused,
    I have stretched out my hand and no man regarded,
25 because you neglected all my counsel,
    and would have none of my reproof,
26 I also will laugh at your calamity;
    I will mock when your fear comes,
27 when your fear comes as desolation
    and your destruction comes as a whirlwind,
    when distress and anguish come upon you.

28 “Then they will call on me, but I will not answer;
    they will seek me early, but they will not find me.
29 Because they hated knowledge
    and did not choose the fear of the Lord,
30 they would have none of my counsel
    and despised all my reproof.
31 Therefore they will eat of the fruit of their own way,
    and be filled with their own devices.
32 For the turning away of the simple will slay them,
    and the prosperity of fools will destroy them.
33 But whoever listens to me will dwell safely,
    and will be secure from fear of evil.”

Purpose and Theme

The proverbs(A) of Solomon(B) son of David, king of Israel:(C)

for gaining wisdom and instruction;
    for understanding words of insight;
for receiving instruction in prudent behavior,
    doing what is right and just and fair;
for giving prudence to those who are simple,[a](D)
    knowledge and discretion(E) to the young—
let the wise listen and add to their learning,(F)
    and let the discerning get guidance—
for understanding proverbs and parables,(G)
    the sayings and riddles(H) of the wise.[b](I)

The fear of the Lord(J) is the beginning of knowledge,
    but fools[c] despise wisdom(K) and instruction.(L)

Prologue: Exhortations to Embrace Wisdom

Warning Against the Invitation of Sinful Men

Listen, my son,(M) to your father’s(N) instruction
    and do not forsake your mother’s teaching.(O)
They are a garland to grace your head
    and a chain to adorn your neck.(P)

10 My son, if sinful men entice(Q) you,
    do not give in(R) to them.(S)
11 If they say, “Come along with us;
    let’s lie in wait(T) for innocent blood,
    let’s ambush some harmless soul;
12 let’s swallow(U) them alive, like the grave,
    and whole, like those who go down to the pit;(V)
13 we will get all sorts of valuable things
    and fill our houses with plunder;
14 cast lots with us;
    we will all share the loot(W)”—
15 my son, do not go along with them,
    do not set foot(X) on their paths;(Y)
16 for their feet rush into evil,(Z)
    they are swift to shed blood.(AA)
17 How useless to spread a net
    where every bird can see it!
18 These men lie in wait(AB) for their own blood;
    they ambush only themselves!(AC)
19 Such are the paths of all who go after ill-gotten gain;
    it takes away the life of those who get it.(AD)

Wisdom’s Rebuke

20 Out in the open wisdom calls aloud,(AE)
    she raises her voice in the public square;
21 on top of the wall[d] she cries out,
    at the city gate she makes her speech:

22 “How long will you who are simple(AF) love your simple ways?
    How long will mockers delight in mockery
    and fools hate(AG) knowledge?
23 Repent at my rebuke!
    Then I will pour out my thoughts to you,
    I will make known to you my teachings.
24 But since you refuse(AH) to listen when I call(AI)
    and no one pays attention(AJ) when I stretch out my hand,
25 since you disregard all my advice
    and do not accept my rebuke,
26 I in turn will laugh(AK) when disaster(AL) strikes you;
    I will mock(AM) when calamity overtakes you(AN)
27 when calamity overtakes you like a storm,
    when disaster(AO) sweeps over you like a whirlwind,
    when distress and trouble overwhelm you.

28 “Then they will call to me but I will not answer;(AP)
    they will look for me but will not find me,(AQ)
29 since they hated knowledge
    and did not choose to fear the Lord.(AR)
30 Since they would not accept my advice
    and spurned my rebuke,(AS)
31 they will eat the fruit of their ways
    and be filled with the fruit of their schemes.(AT)
32 For the waywardness of the simple will kill them,
    and the complacency of fools will destroy them;(AU)
33 but whoever listens to me will live in safety(AV)
    and be at ease, without fear of harm.”(AW)

Footnotes

  1. Proverbs 1:4 The Hebrew word rendered simple in Proverbs denotes a person who is gullible, without moral direction and inclined to evil.
  2. Proverbs 1:6 Or understanding a proverb, namely, a parable, / and the sayings of the wise, their riddles
  3. Proverbs 1:7 The Hebrew words rendered fool in Proverbs, and often elsewhere in the Old Testament, denote a person who is morally deficient.
  4. Proverbs 1:21 Septuagint; Hebrew / at noisy street corners