Philippians 4:21-23
New International Version
Final Greetings
21 Greet all God’s people in Christ Jesus. The brothers and sisters who are with me(A) send greetings. 22 All God’s people(B) here send you greetings, especially those who belong to Caesar’s household.
23 The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ(C) be with your spirit.(D) Amen.[a]
Footnotes
- Philippians 4:23 Some manuscripts do not have Amen.
Philippians 4:21-23
New English Translation
Final Greetings
21 Give greetings to all the saints in Christ Jesus. The brothers[a] with me here send greetings. 22 All the saints greet you, especially those who belong to Caesar’s household. 23 The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit.[b]
Read full chapterFootnotes
- Philippians 4:21 tn Or perhaps, “The brothers and sisters” (so TEV, TNIV; cf. NRSV “The friends”; CEV “The Lord’s followers”) If “brothers” refers to Paul’s traveling companions, it is probably that only men are in view (cf. NAB, NLT). Since v. 22 mentions “all the saints,” which presumably includes everyone, it is more probable here that only Paul’s traveling companions are in view.
- Philippians 4:23 tc Most witnesses, including several significant ones (P46 א A D Ψ 33 1175 1241 1505 2464 M lat sy bo), have ἀμήν (amēn, “amen”) at the end of this letter, while an impressive combination of Alexandrian and Western mss (B F G 075 6 075 1739* 1881 sa Ambst) lack the valedictory particle. Such a conclusion is routinely added by scribes to NT books because a few of these books originally had such an ending (cf. Rom 16:27; Gal 6:18; Jude 25). A majority of Greek witnesses have the concluding ἀμήν in every NT book except Acts, James, and 3 John (and even in these books, ἀμήν is found in some witnesses). It is thus a predictable variant. Thus, on internal grounds, with sufficient support from external evidence, the preferred reading is the omission of ἀμήν.
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