Cetăţile leviţilor

35 Domnul i-a vorbit lui Moise în câmpiile Moabului, lângă Iordan, în faţa Ierihonului: „Porunceşte-le israeliţilor să dea leviţilor, din moştenirea pe care o vor avea, nişte cetăţi în care să poată locui. Să le mai dea şi păşuni în jurul acestor cetăţi. Cetăţile să fie ale lor, ca să locuiască în ele, iar păşunile să fie pentru vitele, turmele şi celelalte animale ale lor.

Păşunile din jurul cetăţilor pe care le veţi da leviţilor să aibă, începând de la zidul exterior al cetăţii, o mie de coţi[a] de jur-împrejur. În afara cetăţii să număraţi două mii de coţi[b] în partea de răsărit, două mii de coţi în partea de apus, două mii de coţi în partea de nord şi două mii de coţi în partea de sud, astfel încât cetatea să fie în mijloc. Acestea să fie păşunile lor din jurul cetăţilor lor.

Şase din cetăţile pe care le veţi da leviţilor să fie cetăţi de refugiu, în care să poată fugi ucigaşul. Pe lângă acestea să le mai daţi patruzeci şi două de cetăţi. Astfel, toate cetăţile pe care trebuie să le daţi leviţilor să fie în număr de patruzeci şi opt, împreună cu păşunile din jurul lor.

Cetăţile pe care le veţi oferi din moştenirea israeliţilor, să fie date astfel: cei ce au multe cetăţi să dea mai multe şi cei ce au puţine cetăţi să dea mai puţine; fiecare seminţie să dea leviţilor din cetăţile ei, ţinând cont de moştenirea pe care a primit-o.“

Cetăţile de refugiu

Domnul i-a mai zis lui Moise: 10 „Vorbeşte-le israeliţilor şi spune-le: «Când veţi trece Iordanul în Canaan, 11 să alegeţi câteva cetăţi care să fie locuri de refugiu, unde să poată fugi ucigaşul care a omorât fără voie o persoană. 12 Aceste cetăţi vor fi locuri de refugiu dinaintea răzbunătorului, astfel încât ucigaşul să nu fie omorât înainte de a se înfăţişa în faţa adunării pentru a fi judecat. 13 Din cetăţile pe care le veţi da, şase să fie cetăţi de refugiu. 14 Trei să le daţi de partea aceasta a Iordanului şi trei în Canaan, ca cetăţi de refugiu. 15 Aceste şase cetăţi să fie locuri de refugiu pentru israeliţi, pentru străini şi pentru peregrinii din mijlocul vostru, pentru ca orice ucigaş care a omorât fără voie o persoană să poată fugi acolo.

16 Dacă un om loveşte pe cineva cu un obiect de fier şi-l ucide, acel om este un ucigaş; ucigaşul trebuie să fie omorât. 17 Dacă cineva are în mână o piatră a cărei lovitură poate cauza moartea şi loveşte pe cineva omorându-l, acel om este un ucigaş; ucigaşul trebuie să fie omorât. 18 Dacă cineva are în mână un obiect de lemn care poate cauza moartea şi loveşte pe cineva şi-l omoară, acel om este un ucigaş; ucigaşul trebuie să fie omorât. 19 Răzbunătorul sângelui să-l omoare pe ucigaş; atunci când îl va întâlni să-l omoare. 20 Dacă cineva împinge cu ură un om sau dacă-l pândeşte şi aruncă cu ceva în el şi-l omoară 21 sau dacă-l loveşte cu pumnul din vrăjmăşie şi-l omoară, acel bărbat trebuie să fie omorât; el este un ucigaş. Răzbunătorul sângelui să-l omoare pe ucigaş când îl întâlneşte.

22 Dar dacă cineva loveşte dintr-odată un om, nu din duşmănie, sau dacă aruncă cu un obiect în el, fără să-l fi pândit dinainte, 23 sau dacă, fără să-l vadă, aruncă în el cu o piatră care poate cauza moartea şi acesta moare, atunci, de vreme ce nu i-a fost duşman şi n-a intenţionat să-l rănească, 24 adunarea trebuie să judece între el şi răzbunătorul sângelui, ţinând cont de următoarele legi: 25 Adunarea trebuie să-l elibereze pe ucigaş din mâna răzbunătorului de sânge şi să-l trimită înapoi în cetatea de refugiu în care fugise. El să locuiască acolo până la moartea marelui preot care a fost uns cu untdelemn sfânt. 26 Dar dacă ucigaşul trece dincolo de limitele cetăţii de refugiu în care a fugit 27 şi răzbunătorul sângelui îl găseşte în afara cetăţii, atunci răzbunătorul sângelui îl poate omorî pe ucigaş şi nu va fi vinovat de omor. 28 Acuzatul trebuie să rămână în cetatea de refugiu până la moartea marelui preot. Numai după moartea marelui preot se poate reîntoarce la proprietatea lui.

29 Acestea vor fi pentru voi hotărâri pe baza cărora să judecaţi toate generaţiile care vor urma, oriunde veţi locui:

30 Dacă cineva a ucis o persoană, ucigaşul trebuie să fie omorât doar pe baza mărturiei mai multor martori. Nimeni să nu fie ucis doar pe baza mărturiei unei singure persoane.

31 Să nu acceptaţi răscumpărare pentru viaţa unui ucigaş vinovat de moarte. El trebuie să fie omorât!

32 Să nu acceptaţi răscumpărare pentru cel care a fugit într-o cetate de refugiu şi să nu-i daţi voie să se întoarcă şi să locuiască în proprietatea lui înainte de moartea marelui preot.

33 Să nu pângăriţi ţara unde veţi locui. Sângele pângăreşte ţara şi nu se poate face altfel de ispăşire pentru pământul peste care a fost vărsat sânge, decât prin sângele celui care l-a vărsat. 34 Să nu pângăriţi deci ţara în care veţi locui şi în care voi locui şi Eu, căci Eu, Domnul, locuiesc în mijlocul israeliţilor.»“

Footnotes

  1. Numeri 35:4 Aproximativ 500 m
  2. Numeri 35:5 Aproximativ 1000 m

35 And the Lord spake unto Moses in the plains of Moab by Jordan near Jericho, saying,

Command the children of Israel, that they give unto the Levites of the inheritance of their possession cities to dwell in; and ye shall give also unto the Levites suburbs for the cities round about them.

And the cities shall they have to dwell in; and the suburbs of them shall be for their cattle, and for their goods, and for all their beasts.

And the suburbs of the cities, which ye shall give unto the Levites, shall reach from the wall of the city and outward a thousand cubits round about.

And ye shall measure from without the city on the east side two thousand cubits, and on the south side two thousand cubits, and on the west side two thousand cubits, and on the north side two thousand cubits; and the city shall be in the midst: this shall be to them the suburbs of the cities.

And among the cities which ye shall give unto the Levites there shall be six cities for refuge, which ye shall appoint for the manslayer, that he may flee thither: and to them ye shall add forty and two cities.

So all the cities which ye shall give to the Levites shall be forty and eight cities: them shall ye give with their suburbs.

And the cities which ye shall give shall be of the possession of the children of Israel: from them that have many ye shall give many; but from them that have few ye shall give few: every one shall give of his cities unto the Levites according to his inheritance which he inheriteth.

And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying,

10 Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When ye be come over Jordan into the land of Canaan;

11 Then ye shall appoint you cities to be cities of refuge for you; that the slayer may flee thither, which killeth any person at unawares.

12 And they shall be unto you cities for refuge from the avenger; that the manslayer die not, until he stand before the congregation in judgment.

13 And of these cities which ye shall give six cities shall ye have for refuge.

14 Ye shall give three cities on this side Jordan, and three cities shall ye give in the land of Canaan, which shall be cities of refuge.

15 These six cities shall be a refuge, both for the children of Israel, and for the stranger, and for the sojourner among them: that every one that killeth any person unawares may flee thither.

16 And if he smite him with an instrument of iron, so that he die, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to death.

17 And if he smite him with throwing a stone, wherewith he may die, and he die, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to death.

18 Or if he smite him with an hand weapon of wood, wherewith he may die, and he die, he is a murderer: the murderer shall surely be put to death.

19 The revenger of blood himself shall slay the murderer: when he meeteth him, he shall slay him.

20 But if he thrust him of hatred, or hurl at him by laying of wait, that he die;

21 Or in enmity smite him with his hand, that he die: he that smote him shall surely be put to death; for he is a murderer: the revenger of blood shall slay the murderer, when he meeteth him.

22 But if he thrust him suddenly without enmity, or have cast upon him any thing without laying of wait,

23 Or with any stone, wherewith a man may die, seeing him not, and cast it upon him, that he die, and was not his enemy, neither sought his harm:

24 Then the congregation shall judge between the slayer and the revenger of blood according to these judgments:

25 And the congregation shall deliver the slayer out of the hand of the revenger of blood, and the congregation shall restore him to the city of his refuge, whither he was fled: and he shall abide in it unto the death of the high priest, which was anointed with the holy oil.

26 But if the slayer shall at any time come without the border of the city of his refuge, whither he was fled;

27 And the revenger of blood find him without the borders of the city of his refuge, and the revenger of blood kill the slayer; he shall not be guilty of blood:

28 Because he should have remained in the city of his refuge until the death of the high priest: but after the death of the high priest the slayer shall return into the land of his possession.

29 So these things shall be for a statute of judgment unto you throughout your generations in all your dwellings.

30 Whoso killeth any person, the murderer shall be put to death by the mouth of witnesses: but one witness shall not testify against any person to cause him to die.

31 Moreover ye shall take no satisfaction for the life of a murderer, which is guilty of death: but he shall be surely put to death.

32 And ye shall take no satisfaction for him that is fled to the city of his refuge, that he should come again to dwell in the land, until the death of the priest.

33 So ye shall not pollute the land wherein ye are: for blood it defileth the land: and the land cannot be cleansed of the blood that is shed therein, but by the blood of him that shed it.

34 Defile not therefore the land which ye shall inhabit, wherein I dwell: for I the Lord dwell among the children of Israel.

35 Und der HERR redete mit Mose auf den Gefilde der Moabiter am Jordan gegenüber Jericho und sprach:

Gebiete den Kindern Israel, daß sie den Leviten Städte geben von ihren Erbgütern zur Wohnung;

dazu Vorstädte um die Städte her sollt ihr den Leviten auch geben, daß sie in den Städten wohnen und in den Vorstädten ihr Vieh und Gut und allerlei Tiere haben.

Die Weite aber der Vorstädte, die ihr den Leviten gebt, soll tausend Ellen draußen vor der Stadtmauer umher haben.

So sollt ihr nun messen außen an der Stadt von der Ecke gegen Morgen zweitausend Ellen und von der Ecke gegen Mittag zweitausend Ellen und von der Ecke gegen Abend zweitausend Ellen und von der Ecke gegen Mitternacht zweitausend Ellen, daß die Stadt in der Mitte sei. Das sollen ihre Vorstädte sein.

Und unter den Städten, die ihr den Leviten geben werdet, sollt ihr sechs Freistädte geben, daß dahinein fliehe, wer einen Totschlag getan hat. Über dieselben sollt ihr noch zweiundvierzig Städte geben,

daß alle Städte, die ihr den Leviten gebt, seien achtundvierzig mit ihren Vorstädten.

Und sollt derselben desto mehr geben von denen, die viel besitzen unter den Kindern Israel, und desto weniger von denen, die wenig besitzen; ein jeglicher nach seinem Erbteil, das ihm zugeteilt wird, soll Städte den Leviten geben.

Und der HERR redete mit Mose und sprach:

10 Rede mit den Kindern Israel und sprich zu ihnen: Wenn ihr über den Jordan ins Land Kanaan kommt,

11 sollt ihr Städte auswählen, daß sie Freistädte seien, wohin fliehe, wer einen Totschlag unversehens tut.

12 Und sollen unter euch solche Freistädte sein vor dem Bluträcher, daß der nicht sterben müsse, der einen Totschlag getan hat, bis daß er vor der Gemeinde vor Gericht gestanden sei.

13 Und der Städte, die ihr geben werdet zu Freistädten, sollen sechs sein.

14 Drei sollt ihr geben diesseit des Jordans und drei im Lande Kanaan.

15 Das sind die sechs Freistädte, den Kindern Israel und den Fremdlingen und den Beisassen unter euch, daß dahin fliehe, wer einen Totschlag getan hat unversehens.

16 Wer jemand mit einem Eisen schlägt, daß er stirbt, der ist ein Totschläger und soll des Todes sterben.

17 Wirft er ihn mit einem Stein, mit dem jemand mag getötet werden, daß er davon stirbt, so ist er ein Totschläger und soll des Todes sterben.

18 Schlägt er ihn aber mit einem Holz, mit dem jemand mag totgeschlagen werden, daß er stirbt, so ist er ein Totschläger und soll des Todes sterben.

19 Der Rächer des Bluts soll den Totschläger zum Tode bringen; wo er ihm begegnet, soll er ihn töten.

20 Stößt er ihn aus Haß oder wirft etwas auf ihn aus List, daß er stirbt,

21 oder schlägt ihn aus Feindschaft mit seiner Hand, daß er stirbt, so soll er des Todes sterben, der ihn geschlagen hat; denn er ist ein Totschläger. Der Rächer des Bluts soll ihn zum Tode bringen, wo er ihm begegnet.

22 Wenn er ihn aber ungefähr stößt, ohne Feindschaft, oder wirft irgend etwas auf ihn unversehens

23 oder wirft irgend einen Stein auf ihn, davon man sterben mag, und er hat's nicht gesehen, also daß er stirbt, und er ist nicht sein Feind, hat ihm auch kein Übles gewollt,

24 so soll die Gemeinde richten zwischen dem, der geschlagen hat, und dem Rächer des Bluts nach diesen Rechten.

25 Und die Gemeinde soll den Totschläger erretten von der Hand des Bluträchers und soll ihn wiederkommen lassen zu der Freistadt, dahin er geflohen war; und er soll daselbst bleiben, bis daß der Hohepriester sterbe, den man mit dem heiligen Öl gesalbt hat.

26 Wird aber der Totschläger aus seiner Freistadt Grenze gehen, dahin er geflohen ist,

27 und der Bluträcher findet ihn außerhalb der Grenze seiner Freistadt und schlägt ihn tot, so soll er des Bluts nicht schuldig sein.

28 Denn er sollte in seiner Freistadt bleiben bis an den Tod des Hohenpriesters, und nach des Hohenpriesters Tod wieder zum Lande seines Erbguts kommen.

29 Das soll euch ein Recht sein bei euren Nachkommen, überall, wo ihr wohnt.

30 Den Totschläger soll man töten nach dem Mund zweier Zeugen. Ein Zeuge soll nicht aussagen über eine Seele zum Tode.

31 Und ihr sollt keine Versühnung nehmen für die Seele eines Totschlägers; denn er ist des Todes schuldig, und er soll des Todes sterben.

32 Und sollt keine Versühnung nehmen für den, der zur Freistadt geflohen ist, daß er wiederkomme, zu wohnen im Lande, bis der Priester sterbe.

33 Und schändet das Land nicht, darin ihr wohnet; denn wer blutschuldig ist, der schändet das Land, und das Land kann vom Blut nicht versöhnt werden, das darin vergossen wird, außer durch das Blut des, der es vergossen hat.

34 Verunreinigt das Land nicht, darin ihr wohnet, darin ich auch wohne; denn ich bin der HERR, der unter den Kindern Israel wohnt.

Cities for the Levites

35 And the Lord spoke to Moses in (A)the plains of Moab by the Jordan across from Jericho, saying: (B)“Command the children of Israel that they give the Levites cities to dwell in from the inheritance of their possession, and you shall also give the Levites (C)common-land around the cities. They shall have the cities to dwell in; and their common-land shall be for their cattle, for their herds, and for all their animals. The common-land of the cities which you will give the Levites shall extend from the wall of the city outward a thousand cubits all around. And you shall measure outside the city on the east side two thousand cubits, on the south side two thousand cubits, on the west side two thousand cubits, and on the north side two thousand cubits. The city shall be in the middle. This shall belong to them as common-land for the cities.

“Now among the cities which you will give to the Levites you shall appoint (D)six cities of refuge, to which a manslayer may flee. And to these you shall add forty-two cities. So all the cities you will give to the Levites shall be (E)forty-eight; these you shall give with their common-land. And the cities which you will give shall be (F)from the possession of the children of Israel; (G)from the larger tribe you shall give many, from the smaller you shall give few. Each shall give some of its cities to the Levites, in proportion to the inheritance that each receives.”

Cities of Refuge(H)

Then the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 10 “Speak to the children of Israel, and say to them: (I)‘When you cross the Jordan into the land of Canaan, 11 then (J)you shall appoint cities to be cities of refuge for you, that the manslayer who kills any person accidentally may flee there. 12 (K)They shall be cities of refuge for you from the avenger, that the manslayer may not die until he stands before the congregation in judgment. 13 And of the cities which you give, you shall have (L)six cities of refuge. 14 (M)You shall appoint three cities on this side of the Jordan, and three cities you shall appoint in the land of Canaan, which will be cities of refuge. 15 These six cities shall be for refuge for the children of Israel, (N)for the stranger, and for the sojourner among them, that anyone who kills a person accidentally may flee there.

16 (O)‘But if he strikes him with an iron implement, so that he dies, he is a murderer; the murderer shall surely be put to death. 17 And if he strikes him with a stone in the hand, by which one could die, and he does die, he is a murderer; the murderer shall surely be put to death. 18 Or if he strikes him with a wooden hand weapon, by which one could die, and he does die, he is a murderer; the murderer shall surely be put to death. 19 (P)The[a] avenger of blood himself shall put the murderer to death; when he meets him, he shall put him to death. 20 (Q)If he pushes him out of hatred or, (R)while lying in wait, hurls something at him so that he dies, 21 or in enmity he strikes him with his hand so that he dies, the one who struck him shall surely be put to death. He is a murderer. The avenger of blood shall put the murderer to death when he meets him.

22 ‘However, if he pushes him suddenly (S)without enmity, or throws anything at him without lying in wait, 23 or uses a stone, by which a man could die, throwing it at him without seeing him, so that he dies, while he was not his enemy or seeking his harm, 24 then (T)the congregation shall judge between the manslayer and the avenger of blood according to these judgments. 25 So the congregation shall deliver the manslayer from the hand of the avenger of blood, and the congregation shall return him to the city of refuge where he had fled, and (U)he shall remain there until the death of the high priest (V)who was anointed with the holy oil. 26 But if the manslayer at any time goes outside the limits of the city of refuge where he fled, 27 and the avenger of blood finds him outside the limits of his city of refuge, and the avenger of blood kills the manslayer, he shall not be guilty of [b]blood, 28 because he should have remained in his city of refuge until the death of the high priest. But after the death of the high priest the manslayer may return to the land of his possession.

29 ‘And these things shall be (W)a statute of judgment to you throughout your generations in all your dwellings. 30 Whoever kills a person, the murderer shall be put to death on the (X)testimony of witnesses; but one witness is not sufficient testimony against a person for the death penalty. 31 Moreover you shall take no ransom for the life of a murderer who is guilty of death, but he shall surely be put to death. 32 And you shall take no ransom for him who has fled to his city of refuge, that he may return to dwell in the land before the death of the priest. 33 So you shall not pollute the land where you are; for blood (Y)defiles the land, and no [c]atonement can be made for the land, for the blood that is shed on it, except (Z)by the blood of him who shed it. 34 Therefore (AA)do not defile the land which you inhabit, in the midst of which I dwell; for (AB)I the Lord dwell among the children of Israel.’ ”

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 35:19 A family member who is to avenge the victim
  2. Numbers 35:27 Murder
  3. Numbers 35:33 Lit. covering