Poporul trimite iscoade în Canaan

13 Domnul i-a zis lui Moise: „Trimite oameni să iscodească ţara Canaanului pe care o dau israeliţilor. Din fiecare seminţie a părinţilor lor să trimiţi câte un om; toţi să fie dintre conducătorii lor.“ Moise i-a trimis din pustia Paran, după porunca Domnului; toţi aceştia erau conducători ai israeliţilor. Acestea sunt numele lor:

din seminţia lui Ruben: Şamua, fiul lui Zachur;

din seminţia lui Simeon: Şafat, fiul lui Hori;

din seminţia lui Iuda: Caleb, fiul lui Iefune;

din seminţia lui Isahar: Igal, fiul lui Iosif;

din seminţia lui Efraim: Osea, fiul lui Nun;

din seminţia lui Beniamin: Palti, fiul lui Rafu;

10 din seminţia lui Zabulon: Gadiel, fiul lui Sodi;

11 din seminţia lui Iosif (mai exact din seminţia lui Manase): Gadi, fiul lui Susi;

12 din seminţia lui Dan: Amiel, fiul lui Ghemali;

13 din seminţia lui Aşer: Setur, fiul lui Mihael;

14 din seminţia lui Neftali: Nahbi, fiul lui Vofsi;

15 din seminţia lui Gad: Gheuel, fiul lui Machi.

16 Acestea sunt numele oamenilor pe care i-a trimis Moise să iscodească ţara. Moise a schimbat numele lui Osea, fiul lui Nun, în Iosua[a].

17 Moise i-a trimis să iscodescă ţara Canaan, zicându-le: „Mergeţi de aici spre Neghev[b], urcaţi muntele 18 şi vedeţi cum este ţara: dacă poporul care locuieşte acolo este puternic sau slab, dacă sunt mulţi sau puţini, 19 dacă ţara în care locuiesc este bună sau rea, dacă oraşele în care locuiesc sunt ca nişte tabere sau sunt fortificate, 20 dacă ţara este bogată sau săracă şi dacă sunt copaci în ea sau nu. Fiţi curajoşi şi aduceţi câteva din roadele ţării.“ Era pe vremea când începeau să se coacă strugurii.

21 Şi astfel ei s-au dus şi au iscodit ţara, începând de la pustia Ţin până la Rehob, lângă Lebo-Hamat[c]. 22 Au urcat spre Neghev şi au ajuns la Hebron; acolo erau anachiţii Ahiman, Şeşai şi Talmai. (Hebronul a fost zidit cu şapte ani înaintea cetăţii Ţoan din Egipt). 23 Apoi au ajuns în valea Eşcol[d]; acolo au tăiat o ramură de viţă cu un singur ciorchine de struguri, după care doi dintre ei l-au dus pe un drug. De asemenea, au luat şi nişte rodii şi smochine. 24 Locul acela a fost numit valea Eşcol, din cauza ciorchinelui pe care israeliţii l-au tăiat de acolo.

Raportul iscoadelor

25 S-au întors de la iscodirea ţării după patruzeci de zile. 26 Au venit înaintea lui Moise, a lui Aaron şi a întregii adunări a israeliţilor în pustia Paran, la Kadeş; le-au adus veşti, lor şi întregii adunări, şi le-au arătat roadele ţării. 27 Ei i-au zis lui Moise: „Am ajuns în ţara în care ne-ai trimis şi, într-adevăr, acolo curge lapte şi miere; acesta este rodul ei. 28 Însă locuitorii ţării sunt puternici, iar cetăţile lor sunt fortificate şi mari; mai mult, i-am văzut acolo şi pe anachiţi. 29 Amalekiţii locuiesc în ţinutul Neghev; hitiţii, iebusiţii şi amoriţii locuiesc în munţi, iar canaaniţii locuiesc lângă mare şi de-a lungul Iordanului.“

30 Atunci Caleb a liniştit poporul înaintea lui Moise şi a zis:

– Haideţi să mergem şi să o ocupăm, căci sigur vom putea s-o cucerim!

31 Dar oamenii care au mers cu el au zis:

– Nu putem să înaintăm împotriva acestui popor pentru că este mai puternic decât noi.

32 Astfel ei au adus israeliţilor un raport nefavorabil despre ţara pe care au iscodit-o, zicând: „Ţara pe care am străbătut-o ca s-o iscodim este o ţară care îşi mănâncă locuitorii şi toţi oamenii pe care i-am văzut în ea sunt înalţi. 33 Acolo am văzut uriaşi[e] (anachiţii provin din uriaşi); când ne uitam la ei, parcă eram nişte lăcuste şi aşa ne considerau şi ei.“

Footnotes

  1. Numeri 13:16 Osea (ebr.: Hoşea) înseamnă El mântuie, iar Iosua (ebr.: Iehoşua) înseamnă Domnul mântuie
  2. Numeri 13:17 Ţinutul pustiu din sudul Canaanului, între Beer-Şeba şi Kadeş-Barnea; şi în vs. 22, 29
  3. Numeri 13:21 Sau: intrarea în Hamat
  4. Numeri 13:23 Valea Eşkol înseamnă Valea Ciorchinelui (şi în v. 24)
  5. Numeri 13:33 Ebr.: Nefilim (Cei căzuţi); vezi Gen. 6:4

Parashah 37: Shlach L’kha (Send on your behalf) 13:1–15:41

13 Adonai said to Moshe, “Send men on your behalf to reconnoiter the land of Kena‘an, which I am giving to the people of Isra’el. From each ancestral tribe send someone who is a leader in his tribe.” Moshe dispatched them from the Pa’ran Desert as Adonai had ordered; all of them were leading men among the people of Isra’el. Here are their names:

from the tribe of Re’uven, Shamua the son of Zakur;
from the tribe of Shim‘on, Shafat the son of Hori;
from the tribe of Y’hudah, Kalev the son of Y’funeh;
from the tribe of Yissakhar, Yig’al the son of Yosef;
from the tribe of Efrayim, Hoshea the son of Nun;
from the tribe of Binyamin, Palti the son of Rafu;
10 from the tribe of Z’vulun, Gadi’el the son of Sodi;
11 from the tribe of Yosef, that is, from the tribe of M’nasheh, Gadi the son of Susi;
12 from the tribe of Dan, ‘Ammi’el the son of G’malli;
13 from the tribe of Asher, S’tur the son of Mikha’el;
14 from the tribe of Naftali, Nachbi the son of Vofsi; and
15 from the tribe of Gad, Ge’u’el the son of Makhi.

16 These are the names of the men Moshe sent out to reconnoiter the land. Moshe gave to Hoshea the son of Nun the name Y’hoshua.

17 Moshe sent them to reconnoiter the land of Kena‘an, instructing them, “Go on up to the Negev and into the hills, 18 and see what the land is like. Notice the people living there, whether they are strong or weak, few or many; 19 and what kind of country they live in, whether it is good or bad; and what kind of cities they live in, open or fortified. 20 See whether the land is fertile or unproductive and whether there is wood in it or not. Finally, be bold enough to bring back some of the fruit of the land.”

When they left it was the season for the first grapes to ripen. (ii) 21 They went up and reconnoitered the land from the Tzin Desert to Rechov near the entrance to Hamat. 22 They went up into the Negev and arrived at Hevron; Achiman, Sheshai and Talmai, the ‘Anakim, lived there. (Hevron was built seven years before Tzo‘an in Egypt.) 23 They came to the Eshkol Valley; and there they cut off a branch bearing one cluster of grapes, which they carried on a pole between two of them; they also took pomegranates and figs. 24 That place was called the Valley of Eshkol [cluster], because of the cluster which the people of Isra’el cut down there.

25 Forty days later, they returned from reconnoitering the land 26 and went to Moshe, Aharon and the entire community of the people of Isra’el at Kadesh in the Pa’ran Desert, where they brought back word to them and to the entire community and showed them the fruit of the land. 27 What they told him was this: “We entered the land where you sent us, and indeed it does flow with milk and honey — here is its fruit! 28 However the people living in the land are fierce, and the cities are fortified and very large. Moreover, we saw the ‘Anakim there. 29 ‘Amalek lives in the area of the Negev; the Hitti, the Y’vusi and the Emori live in the hills; and the Kena‘ani live by the sea and alongside the Yarden.”

30 Kalev silenced the people around Moshe and said, “We ought to go up immediately and take possession of it; there is no question that we can conquer it.” 31 But the men who had gone with him said, “We can’t attack those people, because they are stronger than we are”; 32 and they spread a negative report about the land they had reconnoitered for the people of Isra’el by saying, “The land we passed through in order to spy it out is a land that devours its inhabitants. All the people we saw there were giant! 33 We saw the N’filim, the descendants of ‘Anak, who was from the N’filim; to ourselves we looked like grasshoppers by comparison, and we looked that way to them too!”

Chapter 13

The Twelve Scouts. The Lord said to Moses: Send men to reconnoiter the land of Canaan, which I am giving the Israelites. You shall send one man from each ancestral tribe, every one a leader among them. (A)So Moses sent them from the wilderness of Paran, at the direction of the Lord. All of them were leaders among the Israelites. These were their names:

from the tribe of Reuben, Shammua, son of Zaccur;

from the tribe of Simeon, Shaphat, son of Hori;

from the tribe of Judah, Caleb, son of Jephunneh;

from the tribe of Issachar, Igal;

for the Josephites, from the tribe of Ephraim, Hoshea, son of Nun;

from the tribe of Benjamin, Palti, son of Raphu;

10 from the tribe of Zebulun, Gaddiel, son of Sodi;

11 for the Josephites, from the tribe of Manasseh, Gaddi, son of Susi;

12 from the tribe of Dan, Ammiel, son of Gemalli;

13 from the tribe of Asher, Sethur, son of Michael;

14 from the tribe of Naphtali, Nahbi, son of Vophsi;

15 from the tribe of Gad, Geuel, son of Machi.

16 These are the names of the men whom Moses sent to reconnoiter the land. But Hoshea, son of Nun, Moses called Joshua.[a]

17 In sending them to reconnoiter the land of Canaan, Moses said to them, “Go up there in the Negeb, up into the highlands, 18 and see what kind of land it is and whether the people living there are strong or weak, few or many. 19 Is the country in which they live good or bad? Are the towns in which they dwell open or fortified? 20 Is the soil fertile or barren, wooded or clear? And do your best to get some of the fruit of the land.” It was then the season for early grapes.

21 So they went up and reconnoitered the land from the wilderness of Zin[b] as far as where Rehob adjoins Lebo-hamath. 22 (B)Going up by way of the Negeb, they reached Hebron, where Ahiman, Sheshai and Talmai, descendants of the Anakim,[c] were. (Now Hebron had been built seven years before Zoan in Egypt.) 23 They also reached the Wadi Eshcol,[d] where they cut down a branch with a single cluster of grapes on it, which two of them carried on a pole, as well as some pomegranates and figs. 24 It was because of the cluster the Israelites cut there that they called the place Wadi Eshcol.(C)

Their Report. 25 They returned from reconnoitering the land forty days later. 26 (D)Proceeding directly to Moses and Aaron and the whole community of the Israelites in the wilderness of Paran at Kadesh, they made a report to them and to the whole community, showing them the fruit of the land. 27 They told Moses: “We came to the land to which you sent us. It does indeed flow with milk and honey, and here is its fruit. 28 However, the people who are living in the land are powerful, and the towns are fortified and very large.(E) Besides, we saw descendants of the Anakim there. 29 Amalekites live in the region of the Negeb; Hittites, Jebusites and Amorites dwell in the highlands, and Canaanites along the sea and the banks of the Jordan.”

30 Caleb, however, quieted the people before Moses and said, “We ought to go up and seize the land, for we can certainly prevail over it.” 31 But the men who had gone up with him said, “We cannot attack these people; they are too strong for us.” 32 They spread discouraging reports(F) among the Israelites about the land they had reconnoitered, saying, “The land that we went through and reconnoitered is a land that consumes its inhabitants. And all the people we saw there are huge. 33 (G)There we saw the Nephilim[e] (the Anakim are from the Nephilim); in our own eyes we seemed like mere grasshoppers, and so we must have seemed to them.”

Footnotes

  1. 13:16 Joshua: in Hebrew, “Jehoshua,” which was later modified to “Jeshua,” the Hebrew name for “Jesus.” Hoshea and Joshua are variants of one original name meaning “the Lord saves.” Cf. Mt 1:21.
  2. 13:21 The wilderness of Zin: north of Paran and southwest of the Dead Sea. It is quite distinct from “the wilderness of Sin” near the border of Egypt (Ex 16:1; 17:1; Nm 33:11). Lebo-hamath: a town near Riblah (Jer 39:5–6) at the southern border of Hamath, an independent kingdom in southern Syria. David’s conquests extended as far as Hamath (2 Sm 8:9–11), and Lebo-hamath thus formed the northern border of the ideal extent of Israel’s possessions (Nm 34:7–9; Ez 47:15; 48:1). This may suggest that this verse was inserted precisely to extend the scope of the reconnaissance; cf. Dt 1:24.
  3. 13:22, 28 Anakim: an aboriginal race in southern Palestine, largely absorbed by the Canaanites. Either because of their tall stature or because of the massive stone structures left by them, the Israelites regarded them as giants.
  4. 13:23 Eshcol: means “cluster.”
  5. 13:33 Nephilim: i.e., “fallen ones” (in the Septuagint, “giants”), a reference to fallen heroes of old. Cf. Gn 6:4.

Exploring Canaan

13 The Lord said to Moses, “Send some men to explore(A) the land of Canaan,(B) which I am giving to the Israelites.(C) From each ancestral tribe(D) send one of its leaders.”

So at the Lord’s command Moses sent them out from the Desert of Paran. All of them were leaders of the Israelites.(E) These are their names:

from the tribe of Reuben, Shammua son of Zakkur;

from the tribe of Simeon, Shaphat son of Hori;

from the tribe of Judah, Caleb son of Jephunneh;(F)

from the tribe of Issachar, Igal son of Joseph;

from the tribe of Ephraim, Hoshea son of Nun;(G)

from the tribe of Benjamin, Palti son of Raphu;

10 from the tribe of Zebulun, Gaddiel son of Sodi;

11 from the tribe of Manasseh (a tribe of Joseph), Gaddi son of Susi;

12 from the tribe of Dan, Ammiel son of Gemalli;

13 from the tribe of Asher, Sethur son of Michael;

14 from the tribe of Naphtali, Nahbi son of Vophsi;

15 from the tribe of Gad, Geuel son of Maki.

16 These are the names of the men Moses sent to explore(H) the land. (Moses gave Hoshea son of Nun(I) the name Joshua.)(J)

17 When Moses sent them to explore Canaan,(K) he said, “Go up through the Negev(L) and on into the hill country.(M) 18 See what the land is like and whether the people who live there are strong or weak, few or many. 19 What kind of land do they live in? Is it good or bad? What kind of towns do they live in? Are they unwalled or fortified? 20 How is the soil? Is it fertile or poor? Are there trees in it or not? Do your best to bring back some of the fruit of the land.(N)” (It was the season for the first ripe grapes.)(O)

21 So they went up and explored the land from the Desert of Zin(P) as far as Rehob,(Q) toward Lebo Hamath.(R) 22 They went up through the Negev and came to Hebron,(S) where Ahiman, Sheshai and Talmai,(T) the descendants of Anak,(U) lived. (Hebron had been built seven years before Zoan in Egypt.)(V) 23 When they reached the Valley of Eshkol,[a](W) they cut off a branch bearing a single cluster of grapes. Two of them carried it on a pole between them, along with some pomegranates(X) and figs.(Y) 24 That place was called the Valley of Eshkol because of the cluster of grapes the Israelites cut off there. 25 At the end of forty days(Z) they returned from exploring the land.(AA)

Report on the Exploration

26 They came back to Moses and Aaron and the whole Israelite community at Kadesh(AB) in the Desert of Paran.(AC) There they reported to them(AD) and to the whole assembly and showed them the fruit of the land.(AE) 27 They gave Moses this account: “We went into the land to which you sent us, and it does flow with milk and honey!(AF) Here is its fruit.(AG) 28 But the people who live there are powerful, and the cities are fortified and very large.(AH) We even saw descendants of Anak(AI) there.(AJ) 29 The Amalekites(AK) live in the Negev; the Hittites,(AL) Jebusites(AM) and Amorites(AN) live in the hill country;(AO) and the Canaanites(AP) live near the sea and along the Jordan.(AQ)

30 Then Caleb(AR) silenced the people before Moses and said, “We should go up and take possession of the land, for we can certainly do it.”

31 But the men who had gone up with him said, “We can’t attack those people; they are stronger than we are.”(AS) 32 And they spread among the Israelites a bad report(AT) about the land they had explored. They said, “The land we explored devours(AU) those living in it. All the people we saw there are of great size.(AV) 33 We saw the Nephilim(AW) there (the descendants of Anak(AX) come from the Nephilim). We seemed like grasshoppers(AY) in our own eyes, and we looked the same to them.”

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 13:23 Eshkol means cluster; also in verse 24.