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The Nazirites

The Lord said to Moses, “Tell the Israelites: ‘A man or a woman might want to promise to belong to the Lord in a special way. This person will be called a Nazirite. During this time, he must not drink wine or beer. He must not drink vinegar made from wine or beer. He must not even drink grape juice or eat grapes or raisins. While he is a Nazirite, he must not eat anything that comes from the grapevine. He must not even eat the seeds or the skin.

“‘During the time he promised to belong to the Lord, he must not cut his hair. He must be holy until this special time is over. He must let his hair grow long. During his special time of belonging to the Lord, a Nazirite must not go near a dead body. Even if his own father, mother, brother or sister dies, he must not touch them. This would make him unclean. He must still keep his promise to belong to God in a special way. While he is a Nazirite, he belongs to the Lord.

“‘If he is next to someone who dies suddenly, his hair has been made unclean. It was part of his promise. So he must shave his head seven days later to be clean. 10 Then on the eighth day, he must bring two doves or two young pigeons to the priest. The priest will be at the entrance to the Holy Tent. 11 The priest will offer one as a sin offering. He will offer the other as a burnt offering. This removes sin so the man will belong to God. He had sinned because he was near a dead body. That same day he will again promise to let his hair grow for the Lord. 12 He must give himself to the Lord for another special time. He must bring a male lamb a year old. It will be a penalty offering. The days of the special time before don’t count. This is because he became unclean during his first special time.

13 “‘This is the teaching for a Nazirite. When the promised time is over, he must go to the entrance of the Meeting Tent. 14 There he will give his offerings to the Lord. He must offer a year-old male lamb as a burnt offering. It must have nothing wrong with it. He must also offer a year-old female lamb as a sin offering. There must be nothing wrong with it. And he must bring a male sheep for a fellowship offering. There must be nothing wrong with it. 15 He must also bring the grain offerings and drink offerings that go with them. And he must bring a basket of bread made without yeast. There must be loaves made with fine flour mixed with oil. And there must be wafers made without yeast spread with oil.

16 “‘The priest will give these offerings to the Lord. He will make the sin offering and the burnt offering. 17 Then he will kill the male sheep as a fellowship offering to the Lord. Along with it, he will present the basket of bread. He will also make the grain offering and the drink offering along with it.

18 “‘The Nazirite must go to the entrance of the Meeting Tent. There he must shave off his hair that he grew for his promise. The hair will be put in the fire that is under the sacrifice on the fellowship offering.

19 “‘After the Nazirite cuts off his hair, the priest will give him a boiled shoulder from the male sheep. From the basket he will also give him a loaf and a wafer. Both are made without yeast. 20 Then the priest will present them to the Lord. This is an offering presented before the Lord. They are holy and belong to the priest. Also, he is to present the breast and the thigh from the male sheep to the Lord. They also belong to the priest. After that, the Nazirite may drink wine.

21 “‘This is the teaching for the Nazirite promise. If a person makes the Nazirite promise, he must give all of these gifts to the Lord. If he promised to do more, he must keep his promise. That is also the teaching of the Nazirite promise.’”

The Priests’ Blessings

22 The Lord said to Moses, 23 “Tell Aaron and his sons, ‘This is how you should bless the Israelites. Say to them:

24 “May the Lord bless you and keep you.
25 May the Lord show you his kindness.
    May he have mercy on you.
26 May the Lord watch over you
    and give you peace.”’

27 “So Aaron and his sons will bless the Israelites with my name. And I will bless them.”

And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying,

Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, When either man or woman shall separate themselves to vow a vow of a Nazarite, to separate themselves unto the Lord:

He shall separate himself from wine and strong drink, and shall drink no vinegar of wine, or vinegar of strong drink, neither shall he drink any liquor of grapes, nor eat moist grapes, or dried.

All the days of his separation shall he eat nothing that is made of the vine tree, from the kernels even to the husk.

All the days of the vow of his separation there shall no razor come upon his head: until the days be fulfilled, in the which he separateth himself unto the Lord, he shall be holy, and shall let the locks of the hair of his head grow.

All the days that he separateth himself unto the Lord he shall come at no dead body.

He shall not make himself unclean for his father, or for his mother, for his brother, or for his sister, when they die: because the consecration of his God is upon his head.

All the days of his separation he is holy unto the Lord.

And if any man die very suddenly by him, and he hath defiled the head of his consecration; then he shall shave his head in the day of his cleansing, on the seventh day shall he shave it.

10 And on the eighth day he shall bring two turtles, or two young pigeons, to the priest, to the door of the tabernacle of the congregation:

11 And the priest shall offer the one for a sin offering, and the other for a burnt offering, and make an atonement for him, for that he sinned by the dead, and shall hallow his head that same day.

12 And he shall consecrate unto the Lord the days of his separation, and shall bring a lamb of the first year for a trespass offering: but the days that were before shall be lost, because his separation was defiled.

13 And this is the law of the Nazarite, when the days of his separation are fulfilled: he shall be brought unto the door of the tabernacle of the congregation:

14 And he shall offer his offering unto the Lord, one he lamb of the first year without blemish for a burnt offering, and one ewe lamb of the first year without blemish for a sin offering, and one ram without blemish for peace offerings,

15 And a basket of unleavened bread, cakes of fine flour mingled with oil, and wafers of unleavened bread anointed with oil, and their meat offering, and their drink offerings.

16 And the priest shall bring them before the Lord, and shall offer his sin offering, and his burnt offering:

17 And he shall offer the ram for a sacrifice of peace offerings unto the Lord, with the basket of unleavened bread: the priest shall offer also his meat offering, and his drink offering.

18 And the Nazarite shall shave the head of his separation at the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, and shall take the hair of the head of his separation, and put it in the fire which is under the sacrifice of the peace offerings.

19 And the priest shall take the sodden shoulder of the ram, and one unleavened cake out of the basket, and one unleavened wafer, and shall put them upon the hands of the Nazarite, after the hair of his separation is shaven:

20 And the priest shall wave them for a wave offering before the Lord: this is holy for the priest, with the wave breast and heave shoulder: and after that the Nazarite may drink wine.

21 This is the law of the Nazarite who hath vowed, and of his offering unto the Lord for his separation, beside that that his hand shall get: according to the vow which he vowed, so he must do after the law of his separation.

22 And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying,

23 Speak unto Aaron and unto his sons, saying, On this wise ye shall bless the children of Israel, saying unto them,

24 The Lord bless thee, and keep thee:

25 The Lord make his face shine upon thee, and be gracious unto thee:

26 The Lord lift up his countenance upon thee, and give thee peace.

27 And they shall put my name upon the children of Israel, and I will bless them.

Instrucciones sobre el nazareato

El Señor se dirigió a Moisés y le dijo:

— Di a los israelitas: Si alguien, hombre o mujer, hace voto solemne de nazareo, consagrándose al Señor, deberá abstenerse de vino y de cualquier otra bebida embriagadora; no beberá vinagre hecho de vino o de otra bebida embriagadora; tampoco beberá zumo de uva ni comerá uvas frescas ni secas. Durante el período de su nazareato no comerá nada de lo que se obtiene de la vid, ni los granos de la uva ni el hollejo. Mientras dure su voto de nazareato no pasará navaja sobre su cabeza; hasta que se cumpla el tiempo de su consagración al Señor, será algo sagrado y dejará crecer su cabello sin cortarlo. Mientras dure su voto de nazareato en honor del Señor, no se acercará a ninguna persona muerta. Ni siquiera por su padre o su madre o su hermano o su hermana, en caso de que mueran, podrá contaminarse; porque tiene la consagración de Dios sobre su cabeza. Todo el tiempo de su nazareato será una persona consagrada al Señor.

Si una persona muere de repente cerca del nazareo, contaminará su cabello consagrado, por lo que deberá raparse la cabeza el día de su purificación, es decir el día séptimo, 10 y el octavo día traerá dos tórtolas o dos palominos al sacerdote, a la entrada de la Tienda del encuentro. 11 El sacerdote ofrecerá uno como ofrenda de purificación y el otro en holocausto; así hará expiación en favor del nazareo por el pecado en que incurrió al estar cerca del muerto. Ese mismo día consagrará nuevamente su cabeza, 12 comenzará un nuevo período de nazareato dedicado al Señor y traerá un cordero de un año en ofrenda de reparación. El período previo quedará anulado por cuanto su nazareato fue contaminado.

13 Este es el ritual para el nazareo: el día que se cumpla el período de su nazareato será conducido a la entrada de la Tienda del encuentro. 14 Como ofrenda al Señor presentará un cordero de un año sin defecto alguno en holocausto, una cordera de un año sin defecto alguno como ofrenda de purificación y un carnero sin defecto alguno en sacrificio de comunión. 15 Llevará también un canastillo de panes sin levadura hechos de flor de harina amasada con aceite, junto con tortas sin levadura untadas con aceite, además de la ofrenda de cereal y las correspondientes libaciones.

16 El sacerdote lo presentará todo ante el Señor y hará la ofrenda de purificación y el holocausto. 17 Ofrecerá el carnero en sacrificio de comunión al Señor, junto con el canastillo de los panes sin levadura y la ofrenda de cereal acompañada de las correspondientes libaciones. 18 Entonces el nazareo rapará su cabeza consagrada a la entrada de la Tienda del encuentro, tomará los cabellos de su cabeza consagrada y los pondrá sobre el fuego que arde debajo del sacrificio de comunión.

19 Después el sacerdote tomará la espaldilla ya cocida del carnero, junto con un pan y una torta sin levadura del canastillo, y lo pondrá todo en las manos del nazareo una vez que este se haya rapado la cabeza consagrada. 20 El sacerdote realizará el rito de la elevación en presencia del Señor, y todo le pertenecerá como ofrenda sagrada, además del pecho sometido al rito de la elevación y de la espaldilla reservada. Después de esto el nazareo podrá beber vino.

21 Así reza la ley para el que hace voto de nazareato. Pero si, además de las obligaciones de su nazareato, añade otra ofrenda al Señor, según le permitan sus recursos, deberá cumplir lo prometido de acuerdo con la ley del nazareato.

La bendición sacerdotal

22 El Señor se dirigió a Moisés y le dijo:

23 — Di a Aarón y a sus hijos: Así bendecirán a los israelitas:

24 ¡Que el Señor te bendiga y te proteja!
25 ¡Que el Señor te mire con benevolencia
y tenga misericordia de ti!
26 ¡Que el Señor te mire favorablemente
y te colme de paz!

27 Invocarán así mi nombre sobre los israelitas y yo los bendeciré.

Nasirlöften

Herren talade till Mose. Han sade: ”Tala till Israels barn och säg till dem: Om en man eller en kvinna avlägger ett löfte, ett nasirlöfte[a] att avskilja sig för Herren, (A) ska han avhålla sig från vin och starka drycker. Han får inte dricka någon syrad dryck av vin eller någon annan syrad stark dryck. Han får inte dricka druvsaft och inte heller äta druvor, vare sig färska eller torkade. Så länge hans nasirtid varar ska han inte äta något som kommer från vinstocken, inte ens dess kart eller späda skott. (B) Så länge hans nasirlöfte varar ska ingen rakkniv komma på hans huvud. Fram till slutet av de dagar som han är avskild för Herren ska han vara helig och låta håret växa fritt på sitt huvud.

Så länge han är avskild för Herren får han inte komma nära en död kropp. Inte ens genom sin far eller mor, sin bror eller syster får han orena sig om de skulle dö, för han bär på sitt huvud tecknet på att han är sin Guds nasir. Så länge hans nasirtid varar är han helgad åt Herren.

(C) Men om någon helt plötsligt dör i hans närhet och därigenom orenar hans huvud där han bär nasirtecknet, ska han raka sitt huvud den dag han blir ren. På sjunde dagen ska han raka det.

10 På åttonde dagen ska han bära fram två turturduvor eller två unga duvor till prästen vid uppenbarelsetältets ingång. 11 Och prästen ska offra en till syndoffer och en till brännoffer och bringa försoning för honom, på grund av den synd han dragit på sig genom den döda kroppen. Sedan ska han samma dag helga sitt huvud. 12 Han ska inviga sig till nasir åt Herren samma antal dagar som han förut avskilt sig och han ska föra fram ett årsgammalt lamm till skuldoffer. Den förra löftestiden faller bort, eftersom hans nasirat blev orenat.

13 Detta är lagen om en nasir: Den dag hans nasirtid är slut ska han föras fram till uppenbarelsetältets ingång, 14 och han ska som sitt offer åt Herren bära fram ett årsgammalt felfritt lamm av hankön till brännoffer, ett årsgammalt felfritt lamm av honkön till syndoffer och en felfri bagge till gemenskapsoffer, 15 dessutom en korg med osyrat bröd, kakor av fint mjöl blandade med olja, osyrade tunnkakor smorda med olja samt det matoffer och dryckesoffer som hör till. 16 Prästen ska bära fram det inför Herrens ansikte och offra hans syndoffer och brännoffer. 17 Baggen ska han offra som gemenskapsoffer åt Herren tillsammans med korgen med de osyrade bröden. Prästen ska också offra det matoffer och dryckesoffer som hör till.

18 (D) Och vid ingången till uppenbarelsetältet ska nasiren raka sitt huvud på vilket han bär nasirtecknet. Han ska ta sitt huvudhår, sitt nasirtecken, och lägga det på elden som brinner under gemenskapsoffret. 19 När nasiren har rakat av sig nasirtecknet, ska prästen ta den kokta bogen av baggen och dessutom en osyrad kaka och en osyrad tunnkaka ur korgen och lägga det på nasirens händer. 20 (E) Och prästen ska lyfta det som ett lyftoffer inför Herrens ansikte. Det ska vara helgat åt prästen tillsammans med lyftofferbringan och offergärdslåret. Sedan får nasiren dricka vin igen.

21 Detta är lagen om den som har avlagt ett nasirlöfte, och vad han enligt nasirlöftet ska offra åt Herren, förutom vad han i övrigt kan skaffa. Han måste uppfylla det löfte han har avlagt enligt lagen om hans nasirat.”

Den prästerliga välsignelsen

22 Herren talade till Mose. Han sade: 23 ”Säg till Aron och hans söner: När ni välsignar[b] Israels barn ska ni säga till dem:

24 (F) Herren välsigne dig
    och bevare dig.
25 Herren låte sitt ansikte lysa över dig
    och vare dig nådig.
26 Herren vände sitt ansikte till dig
    och give dig frid.

27 Så ska de lägga mitt namn på Israels barn, och jag ska då välsigna dem.”

Footnotes

  1. 6:2 nasirlöfte   Bland Bibelns profeter levde Samuel (1 Sam 1:11), Simson (Dom 13:5) och Johannes Döparen (Luk 1:15) efter livslånga nasirlöften, och under Nya testamentets tid avlade både Paulus (Apg 18:18) och andra judekristna (Apg 21:23) tidsbegränsade nasirlöften. Det innebar att följa liknande helighetsregler som gällde för präster i tjänst (3 Mos 10:9, 21:1f).
  2. 6:23 När ni välsignar   Tempelprästerna välsignade med lyfta händer (3 Mos 9:22, liksom Jesus i Luk 24:50) och uttalade då Guds namn Jhvh utan omskrivningar. En välsignelse uttalades t ex vid avsked (Jos 14:13, 22:6f, 2 Sam 6:18). Välsignelsens ord har hittats på en silveramulett i en grav i Hinnomsdalen sydväst om Jerusalem från ca 600 f Kr. Det är det äldsta fragmentet av bibeltext som överlevt till i dag.