Then the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 10 (A)Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them, ‘When you cross the Jordan into the land of Canaan, 11 (B)then you shall select for yourselves cities to be your (C)cities of refuge, so that the one who commits manslaughter by [a]killing a person (D)unintentionally may flee there. 12 (E)The cities shall [b]serve you as a refuge from the avenger, so that the one who commits manslaughter does not die until he stands before the congregation for [c]trial. 13 So the cities which you are to provide shall be six cities of refuge for you. 14 You (F)shall provide three cities across the Jordan, and three cities [d]in the land of Canaan; they are to be cities of refuge. 15 These six cities shall be a refuge for the sons of Israel, for the stranger, and for the foreign resident among them; so that anyone who [e]kills a person (G)unintentionally may flee there.

16 (H)But if he struck him with an iron object, so that he died, he is a murderer; the murderer must be put to death. 17 And if he struck him with a stone in the hand, by which he would die, and as a result he did die, he is a murderer; the murderer (I)must be put to death. 18 Or if he struck him with a wooden object in the hand, by which he would die, and as a result he did die, he is a murderer; the murderer must be put to death. 19 The blood avenger himself shall put the murderer to death; he himself shall put him to death when he meets him. 20 Now (J)if he pushed him in hatred, or he threw something at him [f](K)with malicious intent, and as a result he died, 21 or if he struck him with his hand with hostility, and as a result he died, the one who struck him must be put to death; he is a murderer. The blood avenger shall put the murderer to death when he meets him.

22 (L)But if he pushed him suddenly, without hostility, or threw any object at him without [g]malicious intent, 23 or had any [h]deadly stone, and without looking he dropped it on him so that he died, while he was not his enemy nor was he seeking [i]to harm him, 24 then (M)the congregation shall judge between the one who fatally struck the victim and the blood avenger in accordance with these ordinances. 25 And the congregation shall save the one who committed manslaughter from the hand of the blood avenger, and the congregation shall return him to his city of refuge to which he fled; and he shall live in it until the death of the high priest who was anointed with the holy oil. 26 But if at any time [j]he goes beyond the border of his city of refuge to which he flees, 27 and the blood avenger finds him outside the border of his city of refuge, and the blood avenger kills [k]him, he [l]will not be guilty of bloodshed, 28 because he should have remained in his city of refuge until the death of the high priest. But after the death of the high priest the one who committed manslaughter may return to the land of his property.

29 ‘These things shall be a (N)statutory ordinance for you throughout your generations in all your dwelling places.

30 (O)If anyone kills a person, the murderer shall be put to death on the [m]testimony of witnesses, but (P)no person shall be put to death on the testimony of only one witness. 31 Moreover, you shall not accept a ransom for the life of a murderer who is [n]condemned to death, but he must be put to death. 32 And you shall not accept a ransom for one who has fled to his city of refuge, so that he may return to live in the land [o]before the death of the priest. 33 (Q)So you shall not defile the land in which you live; for blood defiles the land, and no atonement can be made for the land for the blood that is shed on it, except (R)by the blood of the one who shed it. 34 So you shall not (S)defile the land in which you live, in the midst of which (T)I dwell; for I the Lord am dwelling in the midst of the sons of Israel.’”

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Footnotes

  1. Numbers 35:11 Lit fatally striking
  2. Numbers 35:12 Lit be to you
  3. Numbers 35:12 Lit judgment
  4. Numbers 35:14 Lit you shall give in
  5. Numbers 35:15 Lit strikes
  6. Numbers 35:20 Lit in pursuit
  7. Numbers 35:22 Lit pursuit
  8. Numbers 35:23 Lit stone by which he would die
  9. Numbers 35:23 Lit his harm
  10. Numbers 35:26 Lit the one who committed manslaughter
  11. Numbers 35:27 Lit the one who committed manslaughter
  12. Numbers 35:27 Lit he has no bloodguilt
  13. Numbers 35:30 Lit mouth
  14. Numbers 35:31 Lit guilty
  15. Numbers 35:32 Or until

Appointment of Cities of Refuge

Then the Lord told Moses, 10 “Tell the Israelis that when they have crossed the Jordan River into the land of Canaan, 11 they are to designate some towns of refuge so that anyone who kills someone inadvertently may flee there. 12 They are to serve as cities of refuge from a blood avenger[a] in order to keep the inadvertent killer from dying until he has stood trial in the presence of the community. 13 You are to set aside six towns of refuge. 14 Appoint three towns this side of the Jordan River and three towns in the land of Canaan to serve as the towns of refuge, 15 that is, places[b] of refuge for the Israelis, the resident alien,[c] and any travelers among them. Anyone who kills a person inadvertently may flee there.”

Exceptions to Eligibility

16 “Whoever uses an iron implement to kill someone is to be adjudged[d] a murderer, and that murderer is certainly to be put to death. 17 Furthermore, whoever uses a stone implement to kill someone is to be adjudged[e] a murderer, and that murderer is certainly to be put to death. 18 Also, whoever uses a wooden implement to kill someone with it is to be adjudged[f] a murderer, and that murderer is certainly to be put to death. 19 The blood avenger himself is to execute the murderer. When he meets him, the blood avenger[g] is to put him to death. 20 If the killer[h] shoved his victim[i] out of hatred, or hurled something[j] at him while waiting in ambush so that he died, 21 or if he struck him with his hand out of hatred so that he died, then the killer is certainly to be put to death for murder. The avenger of blood is to put him to death when he meets him.”

Case Examples for Eligibility

22 “But if he pushed him suddenly without hatred, or if he hurled something[k] in his direction without waiting in ambush, 23 or if he hit him[l] with a stone carelessly[m] so that he was fatally injured, though he isn’t his enemy and he wasn’t seeking to commit evil against him, 24 then the community is to judge between the inadvertent killer and the blood avenger, following these ordinances. 25 The community is to release[n] the inadvertent killer from the blood avenger and return him to the town of refuge where he had fled. He is to live there until the High Priest dies, who will have anointed him with holy oil. 26 But if the inadvertent killer leaves the town of refuge where he had fled 27 and the blood avenger finds him outside the town of refuge where he had fled and kills him, the blood avenger is not to be found guilty of murder. 28 The inadvertent killer[o] is to live in the town of refuge until the High Priest dies. After the death of the High Priest, the inadvertent killer is to return to the land of his inheritance. 29 These are to be the statutes and ordinances for you throughout all your generations, regardless of where you live.”[p]

Capital Cases Require Multiple Witnesses

30 “Every murderer of a human being[q] is to be executed only according to testimony[r] given by multiple witnesses. A single witness is not to result in a death sentence.[s] 31 You are to receive no ransom for the life[t] of a killer who is guilty of murder; instead, he is to die. 32 You are not to receive payment of a[u] ransom for someone who had fled to a town of refuge but then left to live in his homeland before the death of the high priest. 33 You are not to pollute the land where you live, because blood defiles the land, and the land cannot atone for blood that has been spilled on it, except through the blood of the one who spilled it. 34 You are not to defile the land where you will be living, because I’m living among you. I am the Lord, who lives in Israel.”

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Footnotes

  1. Numbers 35:12 Or related redeemer
  2. Numbers 35:15 The Heb. lacks places
  3. Numbers 35:15 Lit. the foreigner
  4. Numbers 35:16 The Heb. lacks to be adjudged
  5. Numbers 35:17 The Heb. lacks to be adjudged
  6. Numbers 35:18 The Heb. lacks to be adjudged
  7. Numbers 35:19 Lit. him, he
  8. Numbers 35:20 Lit. If he
  9. Numbers 35:20 Lit. shoved him
  10. Numbers 35:20 The Heb. lacks something
  11. Numbers 35:22 The Heb. lacks something
  12. Numbers 35:23 The Heb. lacks or had he hit him
  13. Numbers 35:23 Lit. stone without seeing it
  14. Numbers 35:25 Lit. deliver
  15. Numbers 35:28 Lit. He
  16. Numbers 35:29 Or in all your dwelling places
  17. Numbers 35:30 Or soul
  18. Numbers 35:30 Lit. by the mouth
  19. Numbers 35:30 Or soul
  20. Numbers 35:31 Or soul
  21. Numbers 35:32 The Heb. lacks payment of a