Cities of Refuge

The Lord said to Moses, 10 “Speak to the Israelites and tell them: When you cross the Jordan into the land of Canaan, 11 designate cities to serve as cities of refuge for you, so that a person who kills someone unintentionally may flee there.(A) 12 You will have the cities as a refuge from the avenger,(B) so that the one who kills someone will not die until he stands trial before the assembly. 13 The cities you select will be your six cities of refuge. 14 Select three cities across the Jordan and three cities in the land of Canaan to be cities of refuge.(C) 15 These six cities will serve as a refuge for the Israelites and for the alien or temporary resident among them, so that anyone who kills a person unintentionally may flee there.

16 “If anyone strikes a person with an iron object and death results, he is a murderer; the murderer must be put to death.(D) 17 If anyone has in his hand a stone capable of causing death and strikes another person and he dies, the murderer must be put to death. 18 If anyone has in his hand a wooden object capable of causing death and strikes another person and he dies, the murderer must be put to death. 19 The avenger of blood himself is to kill the murderer; when he finds him, he is to kill him.(E) 20 Likewise, if anyone in hatred pushes a person or throws an object at him with malicious intent and he dies, 21 or if in hostility he strikes him with his hand and he dies, the one who struck him must be put to death; he is a murderer. The avenger of blood is to kill the murderer when he finds him.

22 “But if anyone suddenly pushes a person without hostility or throws any object at him without malicious intent 23 or without looking drops a stone that could kill a person and he dies, but he was not his enemy and didn’t intend to harm him, 24 the assembly is to judge between the person who kills someone and the avenger of blood according to these ordinances. 25 The assembly is to protect the one who kills someone from the avenger of blood. Then the assembly will return him to the city of refuge he fled to, and he must live there until the death of the high priest who was anointed with the holy oil.(F)

26 “If the one who kills someone ever goes outside the border of the city of refuge he fled to, 27 and the avenger of blood finds him outside the border of his city of refuge and kills him, the avenger will not be guilty of bloodshed, 28 for the one who killed a person was supposed to live in his city of refuge until the death of the high priest. Only after the death of the high priest may the one who has killed a person return to the land he possesses. 29 These instructions will be a statutory ordinance for you throughout your generations wherever you live.

30 “If anyone kills a person, the murderer is to be put to death based on the word of witnesses. But no one is to be put to death based on the testimony of one witness.(G) 31 You are not to accept a ransom for the life of someone who is guilty of murder; he must be put to death. 32 Neither should you accept a ransom for the person who flees to his city of refuge, allowing him to return and live in the land before the death of the high priest.

33 “Do not defile the land where you live, for bloodshed defiles the land,(H) and there can be no atonement for the land because of the blood that is shed on it, except by the blood of the person who shed it. 34 Do not make the land unclean where you live and where I dwell; for I, the Lord, reside among the Israelites.”

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Then the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 10 (A)Speak to the sons of Israel and say to them, ‘When you cross the Jordan into the land of Canaan, 11 (B)then you shall select for yourselves cities to be your (C)cities of refuge, so that the one who commits manslaughter by [a]killing a person (D)unintentionally may flee there. 12 (E)The cities shall [b]serve you as a refuge from the avenger, so that the one who commits manslaughter does not die until he stands before the congregation for [c]trial. 13 So the cities which you are to provide shall be six cities of refuge for you. 14 You (F)shall provide three cities across the Jordan, and three cities [d]in the land of Canaan; they are to be cities of refuge. 15 These six cities shall be a refuge for the sons of Israel, for the stranger, and for the foreign resident among them; so that anyone who [e]kills a person (G)unintentionally may flee there.

16 (H)But if he struck him with an iron object, so that he died, he is a murderer; the murderer must be put to death. 17 And if he struck him with a stone in the hand, by which he would die, and as a result he did die, he is a murderer; the murderer (I)must be put to death. 18 Or if he struck him with a wooden object in the hand, by which he would die, and as a result he did die, he is a murderer; the murderer must be put to death. 19 The blood avenger himself shall put the murderer to death; he himself shall put him to death when he meets him. 20 Now (J)if he pushed him in hatred, or he threw something at him [f](K)with malicious intent, and as a result he died, 21 or if he struck him with his hand with hostility, and as a result he died, the one who struck him must be put to death; he is a murderer. The blood avenger shall put the murderer to death when he meets him.

22 (L)But if he pushed him suddenly, without hostility, or threw any object at him without [g]malicious intent, 23 or had any [h]deadly stone, and without looking he dropped it on him so that he died, while he was not his enemy nor was he seeking [i]to harm him, 24 then (M)the congregation shall judge between the one who fatally struck the victim and the blood avenger in accordance with these ordinances. 25 And the congregation shall save the one who committed manslaughter from the hand of the blood avenger, and the congregation shall return him to his city of refuge to which he fled; and he shall live in it until the death of the high priest who was anointed with the holy oil. 26 But if at any time [j]he goes beyond the border of his city of refuge to which he flees, 27 and the blood avenger finds him outside the border of his city of refuge, and the blood avenger kills [k]him, he [l]will not be guilty of bloodshed, 28 because he should have remained in his city of refuge until the death of the high priest. But after the death of the high priest the one who committed manslaughter may return to the land of his property.

29 ‘These things shall be a (N)statutory ordinance for you throughout your generations in all your dwelling places.

30 (O)If anyone kills a person, the murderer shall be put to death on the [m]testimony of witnesses, but (P)no person shall be put to death on the testimony of only one witness. 31 Moreover, you shall not accept a ransom for the life of a murderer who is [n]condemned to death, but he must be put to death. 32 And you shall not accept a ransom for one who has fled to his city of refuge, so that he may return to live in the land [o]before the death of the priest. 33 (Q)So you shall not defile the land in which you live; for blood defiles the land, and no atonement can be made for the land for the blood that is shed on it, except (R)by the blood of the one who shed it. 34 So you shall not (S)defile the land in which you live, in the midst of which (T)I dwell; for I the Lord am dwelling in the midst of the sons of Israel.’”

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Footnotes

  1. Numbers 35:11 Lit fatally striking
  2. Numbers 35:12 Lit be to you
  3. Numbers 35:12 Lit judgment
  4. Numbers 35:14 Lit you shall give in
  5. Numbers 35:15 Lit strikes
  6. Numbers 35:20 Lit in pursuit
  7. Numbers 35:22 Lit pursuit
  8. Numbers 35:23 Lit stone by which he would die
  9. Numbers 35:23 Lit his harm
  10. Numbers 35:26 Lit the one who committed manslaughter
  11. Numbers 35:27 Lit the one who committed manslaughter
  12. Numbers 35:27 Lit he has no bloodguilt
  13. Numbers 35:30 Lit mouth
  14. Numbers 35:31 Lit guilty
  15. Numbers 35:32 Or until