Cetăţile leviţilor

35 Domnul i-a vorbit lui Moise în câmpiile Moabului, lângă Iordan, în faţa Ierihonului: „Porunceşte-le israeliţilor să dea leviţilor, din moştenirea pe care o vor avea, nişte cetăţi în care să poată locui. Să le mai dea şi păşuni în jurul acestor cetăţi. Cetăţile să fie ale lor, ca să locuiască în ele, iar păşunile să fie pentru vitele, turmele şi celelalte animale ale lor.

Păşunile din jurul cetăţilor pe care le veţi da leviţilor să aibă, începând de la zidul exterior al cetăţii, o mie de coţi[a] de jur-împrejur. În afara cetăţii să număraţi două mii de coţi[b] în partea de răsărit, două mii de coţi în partea de apus, două mii de coţi în partea de nord şi două mii de coţi în partea de sud, astfel încât cetatea să fie în mijloc. Acestea să fie păşunile lor din jurul cetăţilor lor.

Şase din cetăţile pe care le veţi da leviţilor să fie cetăţi de refugiu, în care să poată fugi ucigaşul. Pe lângă acestea să le mai daţi patruzeci şi două de cetăţi. Astfel, toate cetăţile pe care trebuie să le daţi leviţilor să fie în număr de patruzeci şi opt, împreună cu păşunile din jurul lor.

Cetăţile pe care le veţi oferi din moştenirea israeliţilor, să fie date astfel: cei ce au multe cetăţi să dea mai multe şi cei ce au puţine cetăţi să dea mai puţine; fiecare seminţie să dea leviţilor din cetăţile ei, ţinând cont de moştenirea pe care a primit-o.“

Cetăţile de refugiu

Domnul i-a mai zis lui Moise: 10 „Vorbeşte-le israeliţilor şi spune-le: «Când veţi trece Iordanul în Canaan, 11 să alegeţi câteva cetăţi care să fie locuri de refugiu, unde să poată fugi ucigaşul care a omorât fără voie o persoană. 12 Aceste cetăţi vor fi locuri de refugiu dinaintea răzbunătorului, astfel încât ucigaşul să nu fie omorât înainte de a se înfăţişa în faţa adunării pentru a fi judecat. 13 Din cetăţile pe care le veţi da, şase să fie cetăţi de refugiu. 14 Trei să le daţi de partea aceasta a Iordanului şi trei în Canaan, ca cetăţi de refugiu. 15 Aceste şase cetăţi să fie locuri de refugiu pentru israeliţi, pentru străini şi pentru peregrinii din mijlocul vostru, pentru ca orice ucigaş care a omorât fără voie o persoană să poată fugi acolo.

16 Dacă un om loveşte pe cineva cu un obiect de fier şi-l ucide, acel om este un ucigaş; ucigaşul trebuie să fie omorât. 17 Dacă cineva are în mână o piatră a cărei lovitură poate cauza moartea şi loveşte pe cineva omorându-l, acel om este un ucigaş; ucigaşul trebuie să fie omorât. 18 Dacă cineva are în mână un obiect de lemn care poate cauza moartea şi loveşte pe cineva şi-l omoară, acel om este un ucigaş; ucigaşul trebuie să fie omorât. 19 Răzbunătorul sângelui să-l omoare pe ucigaş; atunci când îl va întâlni să-l omoare. 20 Dacă cineva împinge cu ură un om sau dacă-l pândeşte şi aruncă cu ceva în el şi-l omoară 21 sau dacă-l loveşte cu pumnul din vrăjmăşie şi-l omoară, acel bărbat trebuie să fie omorât; el este un ucigaş. Răzbunătorul sângelui să-l omoare pe ucigaş când îl întâlneşte.

22 Dar dacă cineva loveşte dintr-odată un om, nu din duşmănie, sau dacă aruncă cu un obiect în el, fără să-l fi pândit dinainte, 23 sau dacă, fără să-l vadă, aruncă în el cu o piatră care poate cauza moartea şi acesta moare, atunci, de vreme ce nu i-a fost duşman şi n-a intenţionat să-l rănească, 24 adunarea trebuie să judece între el şi răzbunătorul sângelui, ţinând cont de următoarele legi: 25 Adunarea trebuie să-l elibereze pe ucigaş din mâna răzbunătorului de sânge şi să-l trimită înapoi în cetatea de refugiu în care fugise. El să locuiască acolo până la moartea marelui preot care a fost uns cu untdelemn sfânt. 26 Dar dacă ucigaşul trece dincolo de limitele cetăţii de refugiu în care a fugit 27 şi răzbunătorul sângelui îl găseşte în afara cetăţii, atunci răzbunătorul sângelui îl poate omorî pe ucigaş şi nu va fi vinovat de omor. 28 Acuzatul trebuie să rămână în cetatea de refugiu până la moartea marelui preot. Numai după moartea marelui preot se poate reîntoarce la proprietatea lui.

29 Acestea vor fi pentru voi hotărâri pe baza cărora să judecaţi toate generaţiile care vor urma, oriunde veţi locui:

30 Dacă cineva a ucis o persoană, ucigaşul trebuie să fie omorât doar pe baza mărturiei mai multor martori. Nimeni să nu fie ucis doar pe baza mărturiei unei singure persoane.

31 Să nu acceptaţi răscumpărare pentru viaţa unui ucigaş vinovat de moarte. El trebuie să fie omorât!

32 Să nu acceptaţi răscumpărare pentru cel care a fugit într-o cetate de refugiu şi să nu-i daţi voie să se întoarcă şi să locuiască în proprietatea lui înainte de moartea marelui preot.

33 Să nu pângăriţi ţara unde veţi locui. Sângele pângăreşte ţara şi nu se poate face altfel de ispăşire pentru pământul peste care a fost vărsat sânge, decât prin sângele celui care l-a vărsat. 34 Să nu pângăriţi deci ţara în care veţi locui şi în care voi locui şi Eu, căci Eu, Domnul, locuiesc în mijlocul israeliţilor.»“

Footnotes

  1. Numeri 35:4 Aproximativ 500 m
  2. Numeri 35:5 Aproximativ 1000 m

Cities for the Levites

35 The Lord spoke to Moses in (A)the plains of Moab by the Jordan at Jericho, saying, (B)“Command the people of Israel to give to the Levites some of the inheritance of their possession as cities for them to dwell in. And you shall give to the Levites pasturelands around the cities. The cities shall be theirs to dwell in, and their pasturelands shall be for their cattle and for their livestock and for all their beasts. The pasturelands of the cities, which you shall give to the Levites, shall reach from the wall of the city outward a thousand cubits[a] all around. And you shall measure, outside the city, on the east side two thousand cubits, and on the south side two thousand cubits, and on the west side two thousand cubits, and on the north side two thousand cubits, the city being in the middle. This shall belong to them as pastureland for their cities.

“The cities that you give to the Levites shall be (C)the six cities of refuge, where you shall permit the manslayer to flee, and in addition to them you shall give forty-two cities. All the cities that you give to the Levites shall be (D)forty-eight, with their pasturelands. And as for the cities that you shall give (E)from the possession of the people of Israel, (F)from the larger tribes you shall take many, and from the smaller tribes you shall take few; each, in proportion to the inheritance that it inherits, shall give of its cities to the Levites.”

Cities of Refuge

And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 10 “Speak to the people of Israel and say to them, (G)When you cross the Jordan into the land of Canaan, 11 (H)then you shall select cities to be cities of refuge for you, that the manslayer who kills any person without intent may flee there. 12 The cities shall be for you a refuge from the avenger, that the manslayer may not die until he stands before the congregation for judgment. 13 And the cities that you give shall be your (I)six cities of refuge. 14 (J)You shall give three cities beyond the Jordan, and three cities in the land of Canaan, to be cities of refuge. 15 These six cities shall be for refuge for the people of Israel, and (K)for the stranger and for the sojourner among them, that anyone who kills any person without intent may flee there.

16 (L)“But if he struck him down with an iron object, so that he died, he is a murderer. The murderer shall be put to death. 17 And if he struck him down with a stone tool that could cause death, and he died, he is a murderer. The murderer shall be put to death. 18 Or if he struck him down with a wooden tool that could cause death, and he died, he is a murderer. The murderer shall be put to death. 19 (M)The avenger of blood shall himself put the murderer to death; when he meets him, he shall put him to death. 20 And if he pushed him out of hatred or hurled something at him, (N)lying in wait, so that he died, 21 or in enmity struck him down with his hand, so that he died, then he who struck the blow shall be put to death. He is a murderer. (O)The avenger of blood shall put the murderer to death when he meets him.

22 “But if he pushed him suddenly without enmity, or hurled anything on him (P)without lying in wait 23 or used a stone that could cause death, and without seeing him dropped it on him, so that he died, though he was not his enemy and did not seek his harm, 24 then (Q)the congregation shall judge between the manslayer and (R)the avenger of blood, in accordance with these rules. 25 And the congregation shall rescue the manslayer from the hand of the avenger of blood, and the congregation shall restore him to his city of refuge to which he had fled, and he shall live in it (S)until the death of the high priest (T)who was anointed with the holy oil. 26 But if the manslayer shall at any time go beyond the boundaries of his city of refuge to which he fled, 27 and (U)the avenger of blood finds him outside the boundaries of his city of refuge, and the avenger of blood kills the manslayer, he shall not be guilty of blood. 28 For he must remain in his city of refuge (V)until the death of the high priest, but after the death of the high priest the manslayer may return to the land of his possession. 29 And these things shall be for (W)a statute and rule for you throughout your generations in all your dwelling places.

30 “If anyone kills a person, the murderer shall be put to death on the (X)evidence of witnesses. But no person shall be put to death on the testimony of one witness. 31 Moreover, you shall accept no ransom for the life of a murderer, who is guilty of death, but he shall be put to death. 32 And you shall accept no ransom for him who has fled to his city of refuge, that he may return to dwell in the land before the death of the high priest. 33 You shall not (Y)pollute the land in which you live, for blood (Z)pollutes the land, and no atonement can be made for the land for the blood that is shed in it, except (AA)by the blood of the one who shed it. 34 (AB)You shall not defile the land in which you live, in the midst of which I dwell, (AC)for I the Lord dwell in the midst of the people of Israel.”

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 35:4 A cubit was about 18 inches or 45 centimeters

Cities for the Levites

35 Then the Lord spoke to Moses in the plains of Moab by the Jordan [across from] Jericho, saying, “Command the Israelites to give to the Levites cities to live in from the inheritance of their possession; and you shall give to the Levites pasture lands around the cities. The cities shall be theirs to live in; and their pasture lands shall be for their cattle and for their herds and for all their livestock.

“The pasture lands around the cities which you shall give to the Levites shall reach from the wall of the city and outward a thousand cubits (1,500 ft.) around. You shall also measure outside the city on the east, south, west, and north sides two thousand cubits (3,000 ft.), with the city in the center. This shall belong to the Levites as pasture lands for the cities.

Cities of Refuge

[Among] the cities which you give to the Levites shall be the six cities of refuge, which you shall provide for the one who commits manslaughter to flee to; and in addition to them you shall give forty-two cities [to the Levites]. So you shall give to the Levites forty-eight cities in all, together with their pasture lands. As for the cities which you shall give from the possession of the Israelites, from the larger tribes you shall take many and from the smaller tribes few; each tribe shall give [at least some] of its cities to the Levites in proportion to [the size of] its inheritance which it possesses.”

Then the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 10 “Tell the Israelites, ‘When you cross the Jordan [River] into the land of Canaan, 11 then you shall select for yourselves cities to be cities of refuge, so that the one who kills any person unintentionally may escape there. 12 The cities shall be to you as a refuge from the avenger, so that the one who has caused the death of another will not be killed until he has had a [fair] trial before the congregation. 13 The cities which you are to provide shall be your six cities of refuge. 14 You shall provide three cities on this [east] side of the Jordan [River], and three [more] cities in the land of Canaan; they are to be the cities of refuge. 15 These six cities shall be a refuge for the Israelites and for the stranger and the resident alien among them; so that anyone who kills a person unintentionally may escape there.

16 ‘But if he struck [a]his victim down [intentionally] with an iron object so that he died, he is a murderer; the murderer shall certainly be put to death. 17 If he struck his victim down [intentionally] with a stone in hand, which may cause a person to die, and he died, he is a murderer; the murderer shall certainly be put to death. 18 Or if he struck his victim down [intentionally] with a wooden object in hand, which may cause a person to die, and he died, he is a murderer; the murderer shall certainly be put to death. 19 The blood avenger shall himself put the murderer to death; he shall put him to death when he meets him. 20 But if he pushed his victim out of hatred or threw something at him with malicious intent, and he died, 21 or if, in enmity, he struck the victim down with his hand, and he died, the one that struck the victim shall certainly be put to death; he is a murderer. The blood avenger shall put the murderer to death when he meets him.

22 ‘But if he pushed the victim suddenly, not in enmity, or threw anything at him without malicious intent, 23 or without seeing him hit him [accidentally] with a stone object that could kill him, and he died, and [the offender] was not his enemy nor intending to harm him, 24 then the congregation shall judge between the offender and the blood avenger according to these ordinances. 25 The congregation shall rescue the offender from the hand of the blood avenger and return him to his city of refuge, [the place] to which he had escaped; and he shall live there until the death of the high priest who was anointed with the sacred oil. 26 But if at any time the one guilty of manslaughter comes outside the border of his city of refuge to which he fled, 27 and the blood avenger finds him outside the border of his city of refuge and kills the offender, the blood avenger will not be guilty of murder, 28 because the offender should have remained in his city of refuge until the death of the high priest. But after the high priest’s death the offender shall return to the land of his possession.

29 ‘These things shall be a statute for you throughout your generations wherever you may be.

30 ‘If anyone kills a person [intentionally], the murderer shall be put to death on the testimony of [two or more] witnesses; but no one shall be put to death on the testimony of [only] one witness. 31 Moreover, you shall not accept a ransom [in exchange] for the life of a murderer guilty and sentenced to death; but he shall certainly be put to death. 32 You shall not accept a ransom for him who has escaped to his city of refuge, so that he may return to live in his [own] land before the death of the high priest. 33 So you shall not pollute and defile the land in which you live; for [the shedding of innocent] blood pollutes and defiles the land. No atonement (expiation) can be made for the land for the [innocent] blood shed in it, except by the blood (execution) of him who shed it. 34 You shall not defile the land in which you live, in the midst of which I live, for I, the Lord, live among the people of Israel.’”

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 35:16 Lit him, and so throughout.

Towns for the Levites

35 On the plains of Moab by the Jordan across from Jericho,(A) the Lord said to Moses, “Command the Israelites to give the Levites towns to live in(B) from the inheritance the Israelites will possess. And give them pasturelands(C) around the towns. Then they will have towns to live in and pasturelands for the cattle they own and all their other animals.(D)

“The pasturelands around the towns that you give the Levites will extend a thousand cubits[a] from the town wall. Outside the town, measure two thousand cubits[b](E) on the east side, two thousand on the south side, two thousand on the west and two thousand on the north, with the town in the center. They will have this area as pastureland for the towns.(F)

Cities of Refuge(G)

“Six of the towns you give the Levites will be cities of refuge, to which a person who has killed someone may flee.(H) In addition, give them forty-two other towns. In all you must give the Levites forty-eight towns, together with their pasturelands. The towns you give the Levites from the land the Israelites possess are to be given in proportion to the inheritance of each tribe: Take many towns from a tribe that has many, but few from one that has few.”(I)

Then the Lord said to Moses: 10 “Speak to the Israelites and say to them: ‘When you cross the Jordan into Canaan,(J) 11 select some towns to be your cities of refuge, to which a person who has killed someone(K) accidentally(L) may flee. 12 They will be places of refuge from the avenger,(M) so that anyone accused of murder(N) may not die before they stand trial before the assembly.(O) 13 These six towns you give will be your cities of refuge.(P) 14 Give three on this side of the Jordan and three in Canaan as cities of refuge. 15 These six towns will be a place of refuge for Israelites and for foreigners residing among them, so that anyone who has killed another accidentally can flee there.

16 “‘If anyone strikes someone a fatal blow with an iron object, that person is a murderer; the murderer is to be put to death.(Q) 17 Or if anyone is holding a stone and strikes someone a fatal blow with it, that person is a murderer; the murderer is to be put to death. 18 Or if anyone is holding a wooden object and strikes someone a fatal blow with it, that person is a murderer; the murderer is to be put to death. 19 The avenger of blood(R) shall put the murderer to death; when the avenger comes upon the murderer, the avenger shall put the murderer to death.(S) 20 If anyone with malice aforethought shoves another or throws something at them intentionally(T) so that they die 21 or if out of enmity one person hits another with their fist so that the other dies, that person is to be put to death;(U) that person is a murderer. The avenger of blood(V) shall put the murderer to death when they meet.

22 “‘But if without enmity someone suddenly pushes another or throws something at them unintentionally(W) 23 or, without seeing them, drops on them a stone heavy enough to kill them, and they die, then since that other person was not an enemy and no harm was intended, 24 the assembly(X) must judge between the accused and the avenger of blood according to these regulations. 25 The assembly must protect the one accused of murder from the avenger of blood and send the accused back to the city of refuge to which they fled. The accused must stay there until the death of the high priest,(Y) who was anointed(Z) with the holy oil.(AA)

26 “‘But if the accused ever goes outside the limits of the city of refuge to which they fled 27 and the avenger of blood finds them outside the city, the avenger of blood may kill the accused without being guilty of murder. 28 The accused must stay in the city of refuge until the death of the high priest; only after the death of the high priest may they return to their own property.

29 “‘This is to have the force of law(AB) for you throughout the generations to come,(AC) wherever you live.(AD)

30 “‘Anyone who kills a person is to be put to death as a murderer only on the testimony of witnesses. But no one is to be put to death on the testimony of only one witness.(AE)

31 “‘Do not accept a ransom(AF) for the life of a murderer, who deserves to die. They are to be put to death.

32 “‘Do not accept a ransom for anyone who has fled to a city of refuge and so allow them to go back and live on their own land before the death of the high priest.

33 “‘Do not pollute the land where you are. Bloodshed pollutes the land,(AG) and atonement cannot be made for the land on which blood has been shed, except by the blood of the one who shed it. 34 Do not defile the land(AH) where you live and where I dwell,(AI) for I, the Lord, dwell among the Israelites.’”

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 35:4 That is, about 1,500 feet or about 450 meters
  2. Numbers 35:5 That is, about 3,000 feet or about 900 meters