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Tribus al oriente del Jordán

32 Las tribus de Rubén y Gad poseían una enorme cantidad de animales. Así que cuando vieron que las tierras de Jazer y Galaad eran ideales para sus rebaños y manadas, se acercaron a Moisés, al sacerdote Eleazar y a los otros jefes de la comunidad y les dijeron:

—Observen las ciudades de Atarot, Dibón, Jazer, Nimra, Hesbón, Eleale, Sibma,[a] Nebo y Beón. El Señor conquistó todo este territorio para la comunidad de Israel y es ideal para todos nuestros animales. Si contamos con su favor, permítannos ocupar esta tierra como nuestra propiedad en lugar de darnos tierra al otro lado del río Jordán.

—¿Significa esto que ustedes pretenden quedarse aquí mientras sus hermanos cruzan el río y combaten sin su apoyo?—preguntó Moisés a los hombres de Gad y de Rubén—. ¿Por qué quieren desalentar al resto del pueblo de Israel de cruzar a la tierra que el Señor le ha dado? Sus antepasados hicieron lo mismo cuando los envié de Cades-barnea a explorar la tierra. Después que subieron al valle de Escol y exploraron la tierra, desanimaron al pueblo de Israel para que no entrara a la tierra que el Señor le daba. 10 Por eso el Señor se enojó mucho contra ellos y juró: 11 “De todos los que rescaté de Egipto, ninguno de veinte años o más verá jamás la tierra que juré dar a Abraham, a Isaac y a Jacob, porque no me han obedecido de corazón. 12 Las únicas excepciones son Caleb, hijo de Jefone el cenezeo, y Josué, hijo de Nun, porque ellos han seguido al Señor de todo corazón”.

13 »El Señor se enojó con los israelitas y los hizo vagar en el desierto durante cuarenta años hasta que murió la generación entera que había pecado a los ojos del Señor. 14 ¡Pero ahora aquí están ustedes, raza de pecadores, haciendo exactamente lo mismo! Ustedes están provocando que el Señor se enoje aún más con Israel. 15 ¡Si ustedes se alejan de él y él abandona nuevamente al pueblo en el desierto, ustedes serán responsables de la destrucción de la nación entera!

16 Pero ellos se acercaron a Moisés y le dijeron:

—Nosotros simplemente queremos construir corrales para nuestros animales y ciudades fortificadas para nuestras esposas e hijos. 17 Después tomaremos las armas e iremos al frente de nuestros hermanos israelitas a la batalla, hasta que los llevemos seguros a su tierra. Mientras tanto, nuestras familias se quedarán en las ciudades fortificadas que construiremos aquí, para que no corran peligro de los ataques de la gente del lugar. 18 No volveremos a nuestras casas hasta que todo el pueblo de Israel haya recibido su porción de tierra. 19 Sin embargo, no reclamamos ninguna parte de la tierra del otro lado del Jordán. Preferimos vivir aquí, al oriente del Jordán y la aceptamos como nuestra porción de tierra.

20 Entonces Moisés les dijo:

—Si ustedes cumplen su palabra y se preparan para ir a la batalla del Señor, 21 y si sus tropas cruzan el Jordán y siguen en la lucha hasta que el Señor expulse a sus enemigos, 22 entonces podrán volver cuando el Señor haya conquistado la tierra. Habrán cumplido con su deber ante el Señor y ante el resto del pueblo de Israel. Y la tierra al oriente del Jordán será su propiedad de parte del Señor. 23 Pero si no cumplen su palabra, entonces habrán pecado contra el Señor y estén seguros de que su pecado los alcanzará. 24 Adelante, entonces, construyan ciudades para sus familias y corrales para sus rebaños, pero cumplan con todo lo que prometieron.

25 Entonces los hombres de Gad y de Rubén respondieron:

—Nosotros, tus servidores, seguiremos tus instrucciones al pie de la letra. 26 Nuestros hijos y nuestras esposas, los rebaños y el ganado permanecerán aquí en las ciudades de Galaad. 27 Pero todos los que puedan portar armas cruzarán al otro lado a fin de combatir para el Señor, así como tú has dicho.

28 Así que Moisés dio las órdenes al sacerdote Eleazar, a Josué, hijo de Nun, y a los jefes de los clanes de Israel, 29 y dijo: «Los hombres de Gad y de Rubén que están armados para la batalla deben cruzar el Jordán con ustedes y luchar para el Señor. Si lo hacen, cuando terminen de conquistar la tierra denles la región de Galaad como su propiedad. 30 Pero si se niegan a armarse y a cruzar con ustedes, entonces estarán obligados a aceptar una porción de tierra en Canaán, con el resto de ustedes».

31 Entonces las tribus de Gad y de Rubén volvieron a decir: «Nosotros somos tus servidores, ¡y haremos lo que el Señor ha ordenado! 32 Cruzaremos el Jordán hacia Canaán bien armados a luchar para el Señor, pero nuestra propiedad estará aquí en este lado del Jordán».

33 Moisés asignó tierra a las tribus de Gad y de Rubén y a la media tribu de Manasés, hijo de José. Les entregó el territorio de Sehón, rey de los amorreos, y la tierra de Og, rey de Basán, toda la tierra con sus ciudades y tierras vecinas.

34 Los descendientes de Gad construyeron las ciudades de Dibón, Atarot, Aroer, 35 Atarot-sofán, Jazer, Jogbeha, 36 Bet-nimra y Bet-arán. Todas eran ciudades fortificadas con corrales para sus rebaños.

37 Los descendientes de Rubén construyeron las ciudades de Hesbón, Eleale, Quiriataim, 38 Nebo, Baal-meón y Sibma. Cambiaron los nombres de algunas de las ciudades que conquistaron y reconstruyeron.

39 Entonces los descendientes de Maquir, de la tribu de Manasés, fueron a Galaad, la conquistaron y expulsaron a los amorreos que vivían allí. 40 Moisés dio Galaad a los maquiritas, descendientes de Manasés, y ahí se establecieron. 41 El pueblo de Jair, otro clan de la tribu de Manasés, conquistó muchas de las ciudades de Galaad y cambió el nombre de esa región a Ciudades de Jair.[b] 42 Mientras tanto, un hombre llamado Noba conquistó el pueblo de Kenat y sus aldeas vecinas y a esa región le dio su propio nombre.

Footnotes

  1. 32:3 Así aparece en el Pentateuco Samaritano y en la versión griega (ver también 32:38); en hebreo dice Sebam.
  2. 32:41 En hebreo Havot-jair.

The Tribes Settling East of the Jordan(A)

32 Now the children of Reuben and the children of Gad had a very great multitude of livestock; and when they saw the land of (B)Jazer and the land of (C)Gilead, that indeed the region was a place for livestock, the children of Gad and the children of Reuben came and spoke to Moses, to Eleazar the priest, and to the leaders of the congregation, saying, “Ataroth, Dibon, Jazer, (D)Nimrah, (E)Heshbon, Elealeh, (F)Shebam, Nebo, and (G)Beon, the country (H)which the Lord defeated before the congregation of Israel, is a land for livestock, and your servants have livestock.” Therefore they said, “If we have found favor in your sight, let this land be given to your servants as a possession. Do not take us over the Jordan.”

And Moses said to the children of Gad and to the children of Reuben: “Shall your brethren go to war while you sit here? Now why will you (I)discourage the heart of the children of Israel from going over into the land which the Lord has given them? Thus your fathers did (J)when I sent them away from Kadesh Barnea (K)to see the land. For (L)when they went up to the Valley of Eshcol and saw the land, they discouraged the heart of the children of Israel, so that they did not go into the land which the Lord had given them. 10 (M)So the Lord’s anger was aroused on that day, and He swore an oath, saying, 11 ‘Surely none of the men who came up from Egypt, (N)from twenty years old and above, shall see the land of which I swore to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, because (O)they have not wholly followed Me, 12 except Caleb the son of Jephunneh, the Kenizzite, and Joshua the son of Nun, (P)for they have wholly followed the Lord.’ 13 So the Lord’s anger was aroused against Israel, and He made them (Q)wander in the wilderness forty years, until (R)all the generation that had done evil in the sight of the Lord was gone. 14 And look! You have risen in your fathers’ place, a brood of sinful men, to increase still more the (S)fierce anger of the Lord against Israel. 15 For if you (T)turn away from following Him, He will once again leave them in the wilderness, and you will destroy all these people.”

16 Then they came near to him and said: “We will build sheepfolds here for our livestock, and cities for our little ones, 17 but (U)we ourselves will be armed, ready to go before the children of Israel until we have brought them to their place; and our little ones will dwell in the fortified cities because of the inhabitants of the land. 18 (V)We will not return to our homes until every one of the children of Israel has [a]received his inheritance. 19 For we will not inherit with them on the other side of the Jordan and beyond, (W)because our inheritance has fallen to us on this eastern side of the Jordan.”

20 Then (X)Moses said to them: “If you do this thing, if you arm yourselves before the Lord for the war, 21 and all your armed men cross over the Jordan before the Lord until He has driven out His enemies from before Him, 22 and (Y)the land is subdued before the Lord, then afterward (Z)you may return and be blameless before the Lord and before Israel; and (AA)this land shall be your possession before the Lord. 23 But if you do not do so, then take note, you have sinned against the Lord; and be sure (AB)your sin will find you out. 24 (AC)Build cities for your little ones and folds for your sheep, and do [b]what has proceeded out of your mouth.”

25 And the children of Gad and the children of Reuben spoke to Moses, saying: “Your servants will do as my lord commands. 26 (AD)Our little ones, our wives, our flocks, and all our livestock will be there in the cities of Gilead; 27 (AE)but your servants will cross over, every man armed for war, before the Lord to battle, just as my lord says.”

28 So Moses gave command (AF)concerning them to Eleazar the priest, to Joshua the son of Nun, and to the chief fathers of the tribes of the children of Israel. 29 And Moses said to them: “If the children of Gad and the children of Reuben cross over the Jordan with you, every man armed for battle before the Lord, and the land is subdued before you, then you shall give them the land of Gilead as a possession. 30 But if they do not cross over armed with you, they shall have possessions among you in the land of Canaan.”

31 Then the children of Gad and the children of Reuben answered, saying: “As the Lord has said to your servants, so we will do. 32 We will cross over armed before the Lord into the land of Canaan, but the possession of our inheritance shall remain with us on this side of the Jordan.”

33 So (AG)Moses gave to the children of Gad, to the children of Reuben, and to half the tribe of Manasseh the son of Joseph, (AH)the kingdom of Sihon king of the Amorites and the kingdom of Og king of Bashan, the land with its cities within the borders, the cities of the surrounding country. 34 And the children of Gad built (AI)Dibon and Ataroth and (AJ)Aroer, 35 Atroth and Shophan and (AK)Jazer and Jogbehah, 36 (AL)Beth Nimrah and Beth Haran, (AM)fortified cities, and folds for sheep. 37 And the children of Reuben built (AN)Heshbon and Elealeh and Kirjathaim, 38 (AO)Nebo and (AP)Baal Meon (AQ)(their names being changed) and Shibmah; and they gave other names to the cities which they built.

39 And the children of (AR)Machir the son of Manasseh went to Gilead and took it, and [c]dispossessed the Amorites who were in it. 40 So Moses (AS)gave Gilead to Machir the son of Manasseh, and he dwelt in it. 41 Also (AT)Jair the son of Manasseh went and took its small towns, and called them (AU)Havoth Jair.[d] 42 Then Nobah went and took Kenath and its villages, and he called it Nobah, after his own name.

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 32:18 possessed
  2. Numbers 32:24 what you said you would do
  3. Numbers 32:39 drove out
  4. Numbers 32:41 Lit. Towns of Jair

The Petition of the Reubenites and Gadites

32 [a] Now the Reubenites and the Gadites possessed a very large number of cattle. When they saw that the lands of Jazer and Gilead were ideal for cattle,[b] the Gadites and the Reubenites came and addressed Moses, Eleazar the priest, and the leaders of the community. They said, “Ataroth, Dibon, Jazer, Nimrah, Heshbon, Elealeh, Sebam,[c] Nebo, and Beon,[d] the land that the Lord subdued[e] before the community of Israel, is ideal for cattle, and your servants have cattle.” So they said, “If we have found favor in your sight,[f] let this land be given to your servants for our inheritance. Do not have us cross[g] the Jordan River.”[h]

Moses’ Response

Moses said to the Gadites and the Reubenites, “Must your brothers go to war while you[i] remain here? Why do you frustrate the intent[j] of the Israelites to cross over into the land that the Lord has given them? Your fathers did the same thing when I sent them from Kadesh Barnea to see the land. When[k] they went up to the Eshcol Valley and saw the land, they frustrated the intent of the Israelites so that they did not enter[l] the land that the Lord had given[m] them. 10 So the anger of the Lord was kindled that day, and he swore, 11 ‘Because they have not followed me wholeheartedly,[n] not[o] one of the men twenty years old and upward[p] who came from Egypt will see the land that I swore to give[q] to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, 12 except Caleb son of Jephunneh the Kenizzite, and Joshua son of Nun, for they followed the Lord wholeheartedly.’ 13 So the Lord’s anger was kindled against the Israelites, and he made them wander in the wilderness for forty years, until all that generation that had done wickedly before[r] the Lord was finished.[s] 14 Now look, you are standing in your fathers’ place, a brood of sinners, to increase still further the fierce wrath of the Lord against the Israelites. 15 For if you turn away from following him, he will once again abandon[t] them in the wilderness, and you will be the reason for their destruction.”[u]

The Offer of the Reubenites and Gadites

16 Then they came very close to him and said, “We will build sheep folds here for our flocks and cities for our families,[v] 17 but we will maintain ourselves in armed readiness[w] and go before the Israelites until whenever we have brought them to their place. Our descendants will be living in fortified towns as a protection against[x] the inhabitants of the land. 18 We will not return to our homes until every Israelite has his inheritance. 19 For we will not accept any inheritance on the other side of the Jordan River[y] and beyond, because our inheritance has come to us on this eastern side of the Jordan.”

20 Then Moses replied,[z] “If you will do this thing, and if you will arm yourselves for battle before the Lord, 21 and if all your armed men cross the Jordan before the Lord until he drives out his enemies from his presence 22 and the land is subdued before the Lord, then afterward you may return and be free of your obligation to the Lord and to Israel. This land will then be your possession in the Lord’s sight.

23 “But if you do not do this, then look, you will have sinned[aa] against the Lord. And know that your sin will find you out. 24 So build cities for your descendants and pens for your sheep, but do what you have said[ab] you would do.”

25 So the Gadites and the Reubenites replied to Moses, “Your servants will do as my lord commands. 26 Our children, our wives, our flocks, and all our livestock will be there in the cities of Gilead, 27 but your servants will cross over, every man armed for war, to do battle in the Lord’s presence, just as my lord says.”

28 So Moses gave orders about them to Eleazar the priest, to Joshua son of Nun, and to the heads of the families of the Israelite tribes. 29 Moses said to them: “If the Gadites and the Reubenites cross the Jordan with you, each one equipped for battle in the Lord’s presence, and you conquer the land,[ac] then you must allot them the territory of Gilead as their possession. 30 But if they do not cross over with you armed, they must receive possessions among you in Canaan.” 31 Then the Gadites and the Reubenites answered, “Your servants will do what the Lord has spoken.[ad] 32 We will cross armed in the Lord’s presence into the land of Canaan, and then the possession of our inheritance that we inherit will be ours on this side of the Jordan River.”[ae]

Land Assignment

33 So Moses gave to the Gadites, the Reubenites, and to half the tribe of Manasseh son of Joseph the realm of King Sihon of the Amorites, and the realm of King Og of Bashan, the entire land with its cities and the territory surrounding them.[af] 34 The Gadites rebuilt Dibon, Ataroth, Aroer, 35 Atroth Shophan, Jazer, Jogbehah, 36 Beth Nimrah, and Beth Haran as fortified cities, and constructed pens for their flocks. 37 The Reubenites rebuilt Heshbon, Elealeh, Kiriathaim, 38 Nebo, Baal Meon (with a change of name), and Sibmah. They renamed[ag] the cities they built.

39 The descendants of Machir son of Manasseh went to Gilead, took it, and dispossessed the Amorites who were in it. 40 So Moses gave Gilead to Machir, son of Manasseh, and he lived there.[ah] 41 Now Jair son of Manasseh went and captured their small towns and named them Havvoth Jair.[ai] 42 Then Nobah went and captured Kenath and its villages and called it Nobah after his own name.

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 32:1 sn While the tribes are on the other side of Jordan, the matter of which tribes would settle there has to be discussed. This chapter begins the settlement of Israel into the tribal territories, something to be continued in Joshua. The chapter has the petitions (vv. 1-5), the response by Moses (vv. 6-15), the proposal (vv. 16-27), and the conclusion of the matter (vv. 28-42). For literature on this subject, both critical and conservative, see S. E. Loewenstein, “The Relation of the Settlement of Gad and Reuben in Numbers 32:1-38, Its Background and Its Composition,” Tarbiz 42 (1972): 12-26; J. Mauchline, “Gilead and Gilgal, Some Reflections on the Israelite Occupation of Palestine,” VT 6 (1956): 19-33; and A. Bergmann, “The Israelite Tribe of Half-Manasseh,” JPOS 16 (1936): 224-54.
  2. Numbers 32:1 tn Heb “the place was a place of/for cattle.”
  3. Numbers 32:3 tc Smr and the LXX have Sibmah. Cf. v. 38.
  4. Numbers 32:3 tn Cf. Baal Meon in v. 38.
  5. Numbers 32:4 tn The verb is the Hiphil perfect of נָכָה (nakhah), a term that can mean “smite, strike, attack, destroy.”
  6. Numbers 32:5 tn Heb “eyes.”
  7. Numbers 32:5 tn The verb is the Hiphil jussive from עָבַר (ʿavar, “to cross over”). The idea of “cause to cross” or “make us cross” might be too harsh, but “take across” with the rest of the nation is what they are trying to avoid.
  8. Numbers 32:5 tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
  9. Numbers 32:6 tn The vav (ו) is a vav disjunctive prefixed to the pronoun; it fits best here as a circumstantial clause, “while you stay here.”
  10. Numbers 32:7 tn Heb “heart.” So also in v. 9.
  11. Numbers 32:9 tn The preterite with vav (ו) consecutive is here subordinated to the parallel yet chronologically later verb in the next clause.
  12. Numbers 32:9 tn The infinitive construct here with ל (lamed) is functioning as a result clause.
  13. Numbers 32:9 tn The Lord had not given it yet, but was going to give it. Hence, the perfect should be classified as a perfect of resolve.
  14. Numbers 32:11 tn The clause is difficult; it means essentially that “they have not made full [their coming] after” the Lord.
  15. Numbers 32:11 tn The sentence begins with “if they see….” This is the normal way for Hebrew to express a negative oath—“they will by no means see….” The sentence is elliptical; it is saying something like “[May God do so to me] if they see,” meaning they won’t see. Of course here God is taking the oath, which is an anthropomorphic act. He does not need to take an oath, and certainly could not swear by anyone greater, but it communicates to people his resolve.
  16. Numbers 32:11 tc The LXX adds “those knowing bad and good.”
  17. Numbers 32:11 tn The words “to give” are not in the Hebrew text but have been supplied in the translation for clarity.
  18. Numbers 32:13 tn Heb “in the eyes of.”
  19. Numbers 32:13 tn The verb is difficult to translate, since it has the idea of “complete, finish” (תָּמָם, tamam). It could be translated “consumed” in this passage (so KJV, ASV); NASB “was destroyed.”
  20. Numbers 32:15 tn The construction uses a verbal hendiadys with the verb “to add” serving to modify the main verb.
  21. Numbers 32:15 tn Heb “and you will destroy all this people.”
  22. Numbers 32:16 tn Heb “our little ones.”
  23. Numbers 32:17 tn The MT has חֻשִׁים (khushim); the verbal root is חוּשׁ (khush, “to make haste” or “hurry”). But in light of the Greek and Latin Vulgate the Hebrew should probably be emended to חֲמֻשִׁים (hamushim), a qal passive participle meaning “in battle array.” See further BDB 301 s.v. I חוּשׁ, BDB 332 s.v. חֲמֻשִׁים; HALOT 300 s.v. I חושׁ, חישׁ; HALOT 331 s.v. I חמשׁ.
  24. Numbers 32:17 tn Heb “from before.”
  25. Numbers 32:19 tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
  26. Numbers 32:20 tn Heb “said to them.”
  27. Numbers 32:23 tn The nuance of the perfect tense here has to be the future perfect.
  28. Numbers 32:24 tn Heb “that which goes out/has gone out of your mouth.”
  29. Numbers 32:29 tn Heb “and the land is subdued before you.”
  30. Numbers 32:31 tn Heb “that which the Lord has spoken to your servants, thus we will do.”
  31. Numbers 32:32 tn The word “River” is not in the Hebrew text, but has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
  32. Numbers 32:33 tn Heb “the land with its cities in the borders of the cities of the land all around.”
  33. Numbers 32:38 tn Heb “called names.”
  34. Numbers 32:40 tn Heb “in it.”
  35. Numbers 32:41 sn Havvoth Jair. The Hebrew name means “villages of Jair.”