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War with Midian

31 The Lord spoke to Moses, ‘Execute vengeance for the Israelites against the Midianites. After that, you will be gathered to your people.’(A)

So Moses spoke to the people, ‘Equip some of your men for war. They will go against Midian to inflict the Lord’s vengeance(B) on them. Send one thousand men to war from each Israelite tribe.’ So one thousand were recruited from each Israelite tribe out of the thousands[a] in Israel – twelve thousand equipped for war. Moses sent one thousand from each tribe to war. They went with Phinehas son of Eleazar the priest, in whose care were the holy objects and signal trumpets.

They waged war against Midian, as the Lord had commanded Moses, and killed every male.(C) Along with the others slain by them, they killed the Midianite kings – Evi, Rekem, Zur, Hur, and Reba, the five kings of Midian.(D) They also killed Balaam son of Beor(E) with the sword. The Israelites took the Midianite women and their dependents captive, and they plundered all their cattle, flocks, and property.(F) 10 Then they burned all the cities where the Midianites lived, as well as all their encampments, 11 and took away all the spoils of war and the captives, both people and animals. 12 They brought the prisoners, animals, and spoils of war to Moses, the priest Eleazar, and the Israelite community at the camp on the plains of Moab by the Jordan opposite Jericho.

13 Moses, the priest Eleazar, and all the leaders of the community went to meet them outside the camp. 14 But Moses became furious with the officers, the commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds, who were returning from the military campaign. 15 ‘Have you let every female live? ’ he asked them. 16 ‘Yet they are the ones who, at Balaam’s advice, incited the Israelites to unfaithfulness against the Lord in the Peor incident, so that the plague came against the Lord’s community.(G) 17 So now, kill every male among the dependents and kill every woman who has gone to bed with a man,(H) 18 but keep alive for yourselves all the young females who have not gone to bed with a man.(I)

19 ‘You are to remain outside the camp for seven days. All of you and your prisoners who have killed a person or touched the dead are to purify yourselves on the third day and the seventh day.(J) 20 Also purify everything: garments, leather goods, things made of goat hair, and every article of wood.’(K)

21 Then the priest Eleazar said to the soldiers who had gone to battle, ‘This is the legal statute the Lord commanded Moses: 22 The gold, silver, bronze, iron, tin, and lead –  23 everything that can withstand fire – you are to pass through fire, and it will be clean. It must still be purified with the purification water.(L) Anything that cannot withstand fire, pass through the water. 24 On the seventh day wash your clothes, and you will be clean.(M) After that you may enter the camp.’

25 The Lord told Moses, 26 ‘You, the priest Eleazar, and the family heads of the community are to take a count of what was captured, people and animals. 27 Then divide the captives between the troops who went out to war and the entire community.(N) 28 Set aside a tribute for the Lord from what belongs to the fighting men who went out to war: one out of every five hundred people, cattle, donkeys, sheep, and goats. 29 Take the tribute from their half and give it to the priest Eleazar as a contribution to the Lord. 30 From the Israelites’ half, take one out of every fifty from the people, cattle, donkeys, sheep, and goats, all the livestock, and give them to the Levites who perform the duties of[b] the Lord’s tabernacle.’

31 So Moses and the priest Eleazar did as the Lord commanded Moses. 32 The captives remaining from the plunder the army had taken totalled:

675,000 sheep and goats,

33 72,000 cattle,

34 61,000 donkeys,

35 and 32,000 people, all the females who had not gone to bed with a man.

36 The half portion for those who went out to war numbered:

337,500 sheep and goats,

37 and the tribute to the Lord was 675

from the sheep and goats;

38 from the 36,000 cattle,

the tribute to the Lord was 72;

39 from the 30,500 donkeys,

the tribute to the Lord was 61;

40 and from the 16,000 people,

the tribute to the Lord was 32 people.

41 Moses gave the tribute to the priest Eleazar as a contribution for the Lord, as the Lord had commanded Moses.

42 From the Israelites’ half, which Moses separated from the men who fought, 43 the community’s half was:

337,500 sheep and goats,

44 36,000 cattle,

45 30,500 donkeys,

46 and 16,000 people.

47 Moses took one out of every fifty, selected from the people and the livestock of the Israelites’ half. He gave them to the Levites who perform the duties of the Lord’s tabernacle, as the Lord had commanded him.

48 The officers who were over the thousands of the army, the commanders of thousands and of hundreds, approached Moses 49 and told him, ‘Your servants have taken a census of the fighting men under our command, and not one of us is missing. 50 So we have presented to the Lord an offering of the gold articles each man found – armlets, bracelets, rings, earrings, and necklaces – to make atonement for ourselves before the Lord.’(O)

51 Moses and the priest Eleazar received from them all the articles made out of gold. 52 All the gold of the contribution they offered to the Lord, from the commanders of thousands and of hundreds, was 192 kilograms.[c] 53 Each of the soldiers had taken plunder for himself.(P) 54 Moses and the priest Eleazar received the gold from the commanders of thousands and of hundreds and brought it into the tent of meeting as a memorial for the Israelites before the Lord.

Footnotes

  1. 31:5 Or clans
  2. 31:30 Or who protect
  3. 31:52 Lit 16,750 shekels

IX. BOTTINO E DIVISIONI

Guerra santa contro Madian

31 Il Signore disse a Mosè: «Compi la vendetta degli Israeliti contro i Madianiti, poi sarai riunito ai tuoi antenati». Mosè disse al popolo: «Mobilitate fra di voi uomini per la guerra e marcino contro Madian per eseguire la vendetta del Signore su Madian. Manderete in guerra mille uomini per tribù di tutte le tribù d'Israele». Così furono forniti, dalle migliaia d'Israele, mille uomini per tribù, cioè dodicimila uomini armati per la guerra. Mosè mandò in guerra quei mille uomini per tribù e con loro Pincas, figlio del sacerdote Eleazaro, il quale portava gli oggetti sacri e aveva in mano le trombe dell'acclamazione. Marciarono dunque contro Madian come il Signore aveva ordinato a Mosè, e uccisero tutti i maschi. Uccisero anche, oltre i loro caduti, i re di Madian Evi, Rekem, Sur, Ur e Reba cioè cinque re di Madian; uccisero anche di spada Balaam figlio di Beor. Gli Israeliti fecero prigioniere le donne di Madian e i loro fanciulli e depredarono tutto il loro bestiame, tutti i loro greggi e ogni loro bene; 10 appiccarono il fuoco a tutte le città che quelli abitavano e a tutti i loro attendamenti 11 e presero tutto il bottino e tutta la preda, gente e bestiame. 12 Poi condussero i prigionieri, la preda e il bottino a Mosè, al sacerdote Eleazaro e alla comunità degli Israeliti, accampati nelle steppe di Moab, presso il Giordano di fronte a Gerico.

Massacro delle donne e purificazione del bottino

13 Mosè, il sacerdote Eleazaro e tutti i principi della comunità uscirono loro incontro fuori dell'accampamento. 14 Mosè si adirò contro i comandanti dell'esercito, capi di migliaia e capi di centinaia, che tornavano da quella spedizione di guerra. 15 Mosè disse loro: «Avete lasciato in vita tutte le femmine? 16 Proprio loro, per suggerimento di Balaam, hanno insegnato agli Israeliti l'infedeltà verso il Signore, nella faccenda di Peor, per cui venne il flagello nella comunità del Signore. 17 Ora uccidete ogni maschio tra i fanciulli e uccidete ogni donna che si è unita con un uomo; 18 ma tutte le fanciulle che non si sono unite con uomini, conservatele in vita per voi. 19 Voi poi accampatevi per sette giorni fuori del campo; chiunque ha ucciso qualcuno e chiunque ha toccato un cadavere si purifichi il terzo e il settimo giorno; questo per voi e per i vostri prigionieri. 20 Purificherete anche ogni veste, ogni oggetto di pelle, ogni lavoro di pelo di capra e ogni oggetto di legno».

21 Il sacerdote Eleazaro disse ai soldati che erano andati in guerra: «Questo è l'ordine della legge che il Signore ha prescritto a Mosè: 22 L'oro, l'argento, il rame, il ferro, lo stagno e il piombo, 23 quanto può sopportare il fuoco, lo farete passare per il fuoco e sarà reso puro; ma sarà purificato anche con l'acqua della purificazione; quanto non può sopportare il fuoco, lo farete passare per l'acqua. 24 Vi laverete le vesti il settimo giorno e sarete puri; poi potrete entrare nell'accampamento».

Divisione del bottino

25 Il Signore disse a Mosè: 26 «Tu, con il sacerdote Eleazaro e con i capi dei casati della comunità, fà il censimento di tutta la preda che è stata fatta: della gente e del bestiame; 27 dividi la preda fra i combattenti che sono andati in guerra e tutta la comunità. 28 Dalla parte spettante ai soldati che sono andati in guerra preleverai un contributo per il Signore: cioè l'uno per cinquecento delle persone e del grosso bestiame, degli asini e del bestiame minuto. 29 Lo prenderete sulla metà di loro spettanza e lo darai al sacerdote Eleazaro come offerta da fare con il rito di elevazione in onore del Signore. 30 Della metà che spetta agli Israeliti prenderai l'uno per cinquanta delle persone del grosso bestiame, degli asini e del bestiame minuto; lo darai ai leviti, che hanno la custodia della Dimora del Signore».

31 Mosè e il sacerdote Eleazaro fecero come il Signore aveva ordinato a Mosè. 32 Ora il bottino, cioè tutto ciò che rimaneva della preda fatta da coloro che erano stati in guerra, consisteva in seicentosettantacinquemila capi di bestiame minuto, 33 settantaduemila capi di grosso bestiame, 34 sessantunmila asini 35 e trentaduemila persone, ossia donne che non si erano unite con uomini. 36 La metà, cioè la parte di quelli che erano andati in guerra, fu di trecentotrentasettemilacinquecento capi di bestiame minuto, 37 dei quali seicentosettantacinque per il tributo al Signore; 38 trentaseimila capi di grosso bestiame, dei quali settantadue per l'offerta al Signore; 39 trentamilacinquecento asini, dei quali sessantuno per l'offerta al Signore, 40 e sedicimila persone, delle quali trentadue per l'offerta al Signore. 41 Mosè diede al sacerdote Eleazaro il contributo dell'offerta prelevata per il Signore, come il Signore gli aveva ordinato. 42 La metà che spettava agli Israeliti, dopo che Mosè ebbe fatto la spartizione con gli uomini andati in guerra, 43 la metà spettante alla comunità fu di trecentotrentasettemilacinquecento capi di bestiame minuto, 44 trentaseimila capi di grosso bestiame, 45 trentamilacinquecento asini 46 e sedicimila persone. 47 Da questa metà che spettava agli Israeliti, Mosè prese l'uno per cinquanta degli uomini e degli animali e li diede ai leviti che hanno la custodia della Dimora del Signore, come il Signore aveva ordinato a Mosè.

Le offerte

48 I comandanti delle migliaia dell'esercito, capi di migliaia e capi di centinaia, si avvicinarono a Mosè e gli dissero: 49 «I tuoi servi hanno fatto il computo dei soldati che erano sotto i nostri ordini e non ne manca neppure uno. 50 Per questo portiamo, in offerta al Signore, ognuno quello che ha trovato di oggetti d'oro: bracciali, braccialetti, anelli, pendenti, collane, per il rito espiatorio per le nostre persone davanti al Signore». 51 Mosè e il sacerdote Eleazaro presero dalle loro mani quell'oro, tutti gli oggetti lavorati.

52 Tutto l'oro dell'offerta, che essi consacrarono al Signore con il rito dell'elevazione, da parte dei capi di migliaia e dei capi di centinaia, pesava sedicimilasettecentocinquanta sicli. 53 Gli uomini dell'esercito si tennero il bottino che ognuno aveva fatto per conto suo. 54 Mosè e il sacerdote Eleazaro presero l'oro dei capi di migliaia e di centinaia e lo portarono nella tenda del convegno come memoriale per gli Israeliti davanti al Signore.

Vengeance on the Midianites

31 The Lord said to Moses, “Take vengeance on the Midianites(A) for the Israelites. After that, you will be gathered to your people.(B)

So Moses said to the people, “Arm some of your men to go to war against the Midianites so that they may carry out the Lord’s vengeance(C) on them. Send into battle a thousand men from each of the tribes of Israel.” So twelve thousand men armed for battle,(D) a thousand from each tribe, were supplied from the clans of Israel. Moses sent them into battle,(E) a thousand from each tribe, along with Phinehas(F) son of Eleazar, the priest, who took with him articles from the sanctuary(G) and the trumpets(H) for signaling.

They fought against Midian, as the Lord commanded Moses,(I) and killed every man.(J) Among their victims were Evi, Rekem, Zur, Hur and Reba(K)—the five kings of Midian.(L) They also killed Balaam son of Beor(M) with the sword.(N) The Israelites captured the Midianite women(O) and children and took all the Midianite herds, flocks and goods as plunder.(P) 10 They burned(Q) all the towns where the Midianites had settled, as well as all their camps.(R) 11 They took all the plunder and spoils, including the people and animals,(S) 12 and brought the captives, spoils(T) and plunder to Moses and Eleazar the priest and the Israelite assembly(U) at their camp on the plains of Moab, by the Jordan across from Jericho.(V)

13 Moses, Eleazar the priest and all the leaders of the community went to meet them outside the camp. 14 Moses was angry with the officers of the army(W)—the commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds—who returned from the battle.

15 “Have you allowed all the women to live?” he asked them. 16 “They were the ones who followed Balaam’s advice(X) and enticed the Israelites to be unfaithful to the Lord in the Peor incident,(Y) so that a plague(Z) struck the Lord’s people. 17 Now kill all the boys. And kill every woman who has slept with a man,(AA) 18 but save for yourselves every girl who has never slept with a man.

19 “Anyone who has killed someone or touched someone who was killed(AB) must stay outside the camp seven days.(AC) On the third and seventh days you must purify yourselves(AD) and your captives. 20 Purify every garment(AE) as well as everything made of leather, goat hair or wood.(AF)

21 Then Eleazar the priest said to the soldiers who had gone into battle,(AG) “This is what is required by the law that the Lord gave Moses: 22 Gold, silver, bronze, iron,(AH) tin, lead 23 and anything else that can withstand fire must be put through the fire,(AI) and then it will be clean. But it must also be purified with the water of cleansing.(AJ) And whatever cannot withstand fire must be put through that water. 24 On the seventh day wash your clothes and you will be clean.(AK) Then you may come into the camp.(AL)

Dividing the Spoils

25 The Lord said to Moses, 26 “You and Eleazar the priest and the family heads(AM) of the community are to count all the people(AN) and animals that were captured.(AO) 27 Divide(AP) the spoils equally between the soldiers who took part in the battle and the rest of the community. 28 From the soldiers who fought in the battle, set apart as tribute for the Lord(AQ) one out of every five hundred, whether people, cattle, donkeys or sheep. 29 Take this tribute from their half share and give it to Eleazar the priest as the Lord’s part. 30 From the Israelites’ half, select one out of every fifty, whether people, cattle, donkeys, sheep or other animals. Give them to the Levites, who are responsible for the care of the Lord’s tabernacle.(AR) 31 So Moses and Eleazar the priest did as the Lord commanded Moses.

32 The plunder remaining from the spoils(AS) that the soldiers took was 675,000 sheep, 33 72,000 cattle, 34 61,000 donkeys 35 and 32,000 women who had never slept with a man.

36 The half share of those who fought in the battle was:

337,500 sheep, 37 of which the tribute for the Lord(AT) was 675;

38 36,000 cattle, of which the tribute for the Lord was 72;

39 30,500 donkeys, of which the tribute for the Lord was 61;

40 16,000 people, of whom the tribute for the Lord was 32.

41 Moses gave the tribute to Eleazar the priest as the Lord’s part,(AU) as the Lord commanded Moses.(AV)

42 The half belonging to the Israelites, which Moses set apart from that of the fighting men— 43 the community’s half—was 337,500 sheep, 44 36,000 cattle, 45 30,500 donkeys 46 and 16,000 people. 47 From the Israelites’ half, Moses selected one out of every fifty people and animals, as the Lord commanded him, and gave them to the Levites, who were responsible for the care of the Lord’s tabernacle.

48 Then the officers(AW) who were over the units of the army—the commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds—went to Moses 49 and said to him, “Your servants have counted(AX) the soldiers under our command, and not one is missing.(AY) 50 So we have brought as an offering to the Lord the gold articles each of us acquired—armlets, bracelets, signet rings, earrings and necklaces—to make atonement for ourselves(AZ) before the Lord.”

51 Moses and Eleazar the priest accepted from them the gold—all the crafted articles. 52 All the gold from the commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds that Moses and Eleazar presented as a gift to the Lord weighed 16,750 shekels.[a] 53 Each soldier had taken plunder(BA) for himself. 54 Moses and Eleazar the priest accepted the gold from the commanders of thousands and commanders of hundreds and brought it into the tent of meeting(BB) as a memorial(BC) for the Israelites before the Lord.

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 31:52 That is, about 420 pounds or about 190 kilograms