Numbers 3
King James Version
3 These also are the generations of Aaron and Moses in the day that the Lord spake with Moses in mount Sinai.
2 And these are the names of the sons of Aaron; Nadab the firstborn, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar.
3 These are the names of the sons of Aaron, the priests which were anointed, whom he consecrated to minister in the priest's office.
4 And Nadab and Abihu died before the Lord, when they offered strange fire before the Lord, in the wilderness of Sinai, and they had no children: and Eleazar and Ithamar ministered in the priest's office in the sight of Aaron their father.
5 And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying,
6 Bring the tribe of Levi near, and present them before Aaron the priest, that they may minister unto him.
7 And they shall keep his charge, and the charge of the whole congregation before the tabernacle of the congregation, to do the service of the tabernacle.
8 And they shall keep all the instruments of the tabernacle of the congregation, and the charge of the children of Israel, to do the service of the tabernacle.
9 And thou shalt give the Levites unto Aaron and to his sons: they are wholly given unto him out of the children of Israel.
10 And thou shalt appoint Aaron and his sons, and they shall wait on their priest's office: and the stranger that cometh nigh shall be put to death.
11 And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying,
12 And I, behold, I have taken the Levites from among the children of Israel instead of all the firstborn that openeth the matrix among the children of Israel: therefore the Levites shall be mine;
13 Because all the firstborn are mine; for on the day that I smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt I hallowed unto me all the firstborn in Israel, both man and beast: mine shall they be: I am the Lord.
14 And the Lord spake unto Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, saying,
15 Number the children of Levi after the house of their fathers, by their families: every male from a month old and upward shalt thou number them.
16 And Moses numbered them according to the word of the Lord, as he was commanded.
17 And these were the sons of Levi by their names; Gershon, and Kohath, and Merari.
18 And these are the names of the sons of Gershon by their families; Libni, and Shimei.
19 And the sons of Kohath by their families; Amram, and Izehar, Hebron, and Uzziel.
20 And the sons of Merari by their families; Mahli, and Mushi. These are the families of the Levites according to the house of their fathers.
21 Of Gershon was the family of the Libnites, and the family of the Shimites: these are the families of the Gershonites.
22 Those that were numbered of them, according to the number of all the males, from a month old and upward, even those that were numbered of them were seven thousand and five hundred.
23 The families of the Gershonites shall pitch behind the tabernacle westward.
24 And the chief of the house of the father of the Gershonites shall be Eliasaph the son of Lael.
25 And the charge of the sons of Gershon in the tabernacle of the congregation shall be the tabernacle, and the tent, the covering thereof, and the hanging for the door of the tabernacle of the congregation,
26 And the hangings of the court, and the curtain for the door of the court, which is by the tabernacle, and by the altar round about, and the cords of it for all the service thereof.
27 And of Kohath was the family of the Amramites, and the family of the Izeharites, and the family of the Hebronites, and the family of the Uzzielites: these are the families of the Kohathites.
28 In the number of all the males, from a month old and upward, were eight thousand and six hundred, keeping the charge of the sanctuary.
29 The families of the sons of Kohath shall pitch on the side of the tabernacle southward.
30 And the chief of the house of the father of the families of the Kohathites shall be Elizaphan the son of Uzziel.
31 And their charge shall be the ark, and the table, and the candlestick, and the altars, and the vessels of the sanctuary wherewith they minister, and the hanging, and all the service thereof.
32 And Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest shall be chief over the chief of the Levites, and have the oversight of them that keep the charge of the sanctuary.
33 Of Merari was the family of the Mahlites, and the family of the Mushites: these are the families of Merari.
34 And those that were numbered of them, according to the number of all the males, from a month old and upward, were six thousand and two hundred.
35 And the chief of the house of the father of the families of Merari was Zuriel the son of Abihail: these shall pitch on the side of the tabernacle northward.
36 And under the custody and charge of the sons of Merari shall be the boards of the tabernacle, and the bars thereof, and the pillars thereof, and the sockets thereof, and all the vessels thereof, and all that serveth thereto,
37 And the pillars of the court round about, and their sockets, and their pins, and their cords.
38 But those that encamp before the tabernacle toward the east, even before the tabernacle of the congregation eastward, shall be Moses, and Aaron and his sons, keeping the charge of the sanctuary for the charge of the children of Israel; and the stranger that cometh nigh shall be put to death.
39 All that were numbered of the Levites, which Moses and Aaron numbered at the commandment of the Lord, throughout their families, all the males from a month old and upward, were twenty and two thousand.
40 And the Lord said unto Moses, Number all the firstborn of the males of the children of Israel from a month old and upward, and take the number of their names.
41 And thou shalt take the Levites for me (I am the Lord) instead of all the firstborn among the children of Israel; and the cattle of the Levites instead of all the firstlings among the cattle of the children of Israel.
42 And Moses numbered, as the Lord commanded him, all the firstborn among the children of Israel.
43 And all the firstborn males by the number of names, from a month old and upward, of those that were numbered of them, were twenty and two thousand two hundred and threescore and thirteen.
44 And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying,
45 Take the Levites instead of all the firstborn among the children of Israel, and the cattle of the Levites instead of their cattle; and the Levites shall be mine: I am the Lord.
46 And for those that are to be redeemed of the two hundred and threescore and thirteen of the firstborn of the children of Israel, which are more than the Levites;
47 Thou shalt even take five shekels apiece by the poll, after the shekel of the sanctuary shalt thou take them: (the shekel is twenty gerahs:)
48 And thou shalt give the money, wherewith the odd number of them is to be redeemed, unto Aaron and to his sons.
49 And Moses took the redemption money of them that were over and above them that were redeemed by the Levites:
50 Of the firstborn of the children of Israel took he the money; a thousand three hundred and threescore and five shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary:
51 And Moses gave the money of them that were redeemed unto Aaron and to his sons, according to the word of the Lord, as the Lord commanded Moses.
Numbers 3
English Standard Version
The Sons of Aaron
3 These are the generations of Aaron and Moses at the time when the Lord spoke with Moses on Mount Sinai. 2 These are the names of the sons of Aaron: (A)Nadab the firstborn, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. 3 These are the names of the sons of Aaron, (B)the anointed priests, (C)whom he ordained to serve as priests. 4 (D)But Nadab and Abihu died before the Lord when they offered unauthorized fire before the Lord in the wilderness of Sinai, and they had no children. So Eleazar and Ithamar served as priests in the lifetime of Aaron their father.
Duties of the Levites
5 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 6 (E)“Bring the tribe of Levi near, and set them before Aaron the priest, that they may minister to him. 7 They shall keep guard over him and over the whole congregation before the tent of meeting, (F)as they minister at the tabernacle. 8 They shall guard all the furnishings of the tent of meeting, and keep guard over the people of Israel as they minister at the tabernacle. 9 And (G)you shall give the Levites to Aaron and his sons; they are (H)wholly given to him from among the people of Israel. 10 And you shall appoint Aaron and his sons, and (I)they shall guard their priesthood. But if (J)any outsider comes near, he shall be put to death.”
11 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 12 “Behold, (K)I have taken the Levites from among the people of Israel instead of every firstborn who opens the womb among the people of Israel. The Levites shall be mine, 13 for (L)all the firstborn are mine. (M)On the day that I struck down all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, I consecrated for my own all the firstborn in Israel, both of man and of beast. They shall be mine: I am the Lord.”
14 And the Lord spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, saying, 15 “List the sons of Levi, by fathers' houses and by clans; (N)every male from a month old and upward you shall list.” 16 So Moses listed them according to the word of the Lord, as he was commanded. 17 (O)And these were the sons of Levi by their names: Gershon and Kohath and Merari. 18 And these are the names of the sons of Gershon by their clans: (P)Libni and Shimei. 19 And the sons of Kohath by their clans: (Q)Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel. 20 And the sons of Merari by their clans: (R)Mahli and Mushi. These are the clans of the Levites, by their fathers' houses.
21 To Gershon belonged the clan of the Libnites and the clan of the Shimeites; these were the clans of the Gershonites. 22 Their listing according to the number of all the males from a month old and upward was[a] 7,500. 23 (S)The clans of the Gershonites were to camp behind the tabernacle on the west, 24 with Eliasaph, the son of Lael as chief of the fathers' house of the Gershonites. 25 And the (T)guard duty of the sons of Gershon in the tent of meeting involved (U)the tabernacle, (V)the tent with (W)its covering, (X)the screen for the entrance of the tent of meeting, 26 (Y)the hangings of the court, (Z)the screen for the door of the court that is around the tabernacle and the altar, and (AA)its cords—all the service connected with these.
27 To Kohath belonged the clan of the (AB)Amramites and the clan of the Izharites and the clan of the Hebronites and the clan of the Uzzielites; these are the clans of the Kohathites. 28 According to the number of all the males, from a month old and upward, there were 8,600, keeping guard over the sanctuary. 29 The clans of the sons of Kohath were to camp on the south side of the tabernacle, 30 with (AC)Elizaphan the son of Uzziel as chief of the fathers' house of the clans of the Kohathites. 31 And their guard duty involved (AD)the ark, (AE)the table, (AF)the lampstand, (AG)the altars, the vessels of the sanctuary with which the priests minister, and (AH)the screen; all the service connected with these. 32 And Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest was to be chief over the chiefs of the Levites, and to have oversight of those who kept guard over the sanctuary.
33 To Merari belonged the clan of the Mahlites and the clan of the Mushites: these are the clans of Merari. 34 Their listing according to the number of all the males from a month old and upward was 6,200. 35 And the chief of the fathers' house of the clans of Merari was Zuriel the son of Abihail. They were to camp on the north side of the tabernacle. 36 (AI)And the appointed guard duty of the sons of Merari involved the (AJ)frames of the tabernacle, (AK)the bars, (AL)the pillars, the bases, and all their accessories; all the service connected with these; 37 also (AM)the pillars around the court, with their bases and (AN)pegs and (AO)cords.
38 Those who were to camp before the tabernacle on the east, before the tent of meeting toward the sunrise, were Moses and Aaron and his sons, (AP)guarding the sanctuary itself, to protect[b] the people of Israel. And any outsider who came near was to be put to death. 39 All those listed among the Levites, whom Moses and Aaron listed at the commandment of the Lord, by clans, all the males from a month old and upward, were (AQ)22,000.
Redemption of the Firstborn
40 And the Lord said to Moses, “List all the firstborn males of the people of Israel, from a month old and upward, taking the number of their names. 41 (AR)And you shall take the Levites for me—I am the Lord—instead of all the firstborn among the people of Israel, and the cattle of the Levites instead of all the firstborn among the cattle of the people of Israel.” 42 So Moses listed all the firstborn among the people of Israel, as the Lord commanded him. 43 And all the firstborn males, according to the number of names, from a month old and upward as listed were 22,273.
44 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 45 (AS)“Take the Levites instead of all the firstborn among the people of Israel, and the cattle of the Levites instead of their cattle. The Levites shall be mine: I am the Lord. 46 And (AT)as the redemption price for the 273 of the firstborn of the people of Israel, over and above the number of the male Levites, 47 you shall take (AU)five shekels[c] per head; you shall take them according to (AV)the shekel of the sanctuary (the shekel of twenty gerahs[d]), 48 and give the money to Aaron and his sons as the redemption price for those who are over.” 49 So Moses took the redemption money from those who were over and above those redeemed by the Levites. 50 From the firstborn of the people of Israel he took the money, (AW)1,365 shekels, by the shekel of the sanctuary. 51 And Moses (AX)gave the redemption money to Aaron and his sons, according to the word of the Lord, as the Lord commanded Moses.
Footnotes
- Numbers 3:22 Hebrew their listing was
- Numbers 3:38 Hebrew guard
- Numbers 3:47 A shekel was about 2/5 ounce or 11 grams
- Numbers 3:47 A gerah was about 1/50 ounce or 0.6 gram
Nombres 3
La Bible du Semeur
Les prêtres
3 Voici la liste des descendants d’Aaron et de Moïse à l’époque où l’Eternel s’adressa à Moïse sur le mont Sinaï.
2 Voici les noms des fils d’Aaron : l’aîné s’appelait Nadab, puis vinrent Abihou, Eléazar et Itamar. 3 Ils étaient prêtres ayant reçu l’onction pour être investis de la fonction sacerdotale. 4 Mais Nadab et Abihou moururent devant l’Eternel, dans le désert du Sinaï, parce qu’ils lui avaient présenté un feu profane ; ils n’avaient pas eu d’enfants. Eléazar et Itamar exercèrent le ministère sacerdotal sous la supervision de leur père Aaron[a].
Les lévites, au service des prêtres
5 L’Eternel parla à Moïse en ces termes : 6 Fais venir la tribu de Lévi et mets ses membres à la disposition du prêtre Aaron pour qu’ils l’assistent[b]. 7 Ils seront à son service et au service de toute la communauté devant la tente de la Rencontre, pour accomplir les tâches relatives au tabernacle. 8 Ils prendront soin de tous les ustensiles de la tente de la Rencontre et seront au service des Israélites pour accomplir les tâches relatives au tabernacle. 9 Donc, tu mettras les lévites à la disposition d’Aaron et de ses fils ; ils lui[c] seront attribués comme représentants des Israélites. 10 Tu veilleras à ce qu’Aaron et ses fils exercent les fonctions sacerdotales ; celui qui ne serait pas de leur famille et qui s’approcherait du tabernacle sera puni de mort.
11 L’Eternel parla encore à Moïse en ces termes : 12 Voici : j’ai choisi les lévites du milieu des Israélites à la place de tous les premiers-nés des mères israélites ; ils m’appartiennent donc. 13 Tout premier-né m’appartient en effet, depuis le jour où j’ai fait mourir tous les premiers-nés des Egyptiens et où je me suis consacré tout premier-né en Israël, tant ceux des hommes que ceux des animaux. Ils sont à moi. Je suis l’Eternel[d].
Le recensement, le campement et les fonctions des lévites
14 Là-dessus, l’Eternel commanda à Moïse, au désert du Sinaï : 15 Fais le recensement des descendants de Lévi, selon leurs groupes familiaux et leurs familles ; tu compteras tous les lévites de sexe masculin de l’âge d’un mois et plus[e].
16 Moïse fit ce recensement sur l’ordre de l’Eternel de la manière qu’il lui avait prescrite.
17 Voici les noms des fils de Lévi : Guershôn, Qehath et Merari. 18 Guershôn avait pour fils Libni et Shimeï, qui ont donné leurs noms à leurs familles. 19 Qehath eut pour fils Amram et Yitsehar, Hébron et Ouzziel qui ont donné leur nom à leur famille. 20 Merari eut pour fils Mahli et Moushi qui ont donné leur nom à leur famille. Telles sont les familles des groupes familiaux de Lévi.
21 Les descendants de Guershôn comprennent la famille de Libni et celle de Shimeï, qui représentent les familles guershonites. 22 Elles comptaient au moment du recensement 7 500 membres de sexe masculin, âgés d’un mois et plus. 23 Les familles guershonites campaient derrière le tabernacle, du côté ouest. 24 Le chef de leur groupe familial était Eliasaph, fils de Laël. 25 Dans la tente de la Rencontre, ils avaient la responsabilité du tabernacle et de la tenture qui le recouvrait, du rideau de l’entrée de la tente, 26 des tentures du parvis qui entoure le tabernacle et l’autel, et de sa porte d’entrée ainsi que des cordages. Ils étaient chargés de tous les travaux liés à ces objets.
27 De Qehath sont issues les familles des Amramites, des Yitseharites, des Hébronites et des Ouzziélites, qui représentent les familles qehatites. 28 Elles comptaient 8 600[f] membres de sexe masculin de plus d’un mois. Ils étaient affectés au service du sanctuaire 29 et campaient du côté sud de la Demeure. 30 Leur chef était Elitsaphân, fils d’Ouzziel. 31 On avait confié à leur responsabilité : le coffre, la table, le chandelier, les autels, les objets sacrés dont on se sert pour officier, et le voile[g]. Ils étaient chargés de tous les travaux liés à ces objets.
32 Le chef suprême des lévites était Eléazar, fils du prêtre Aaron. Il supervisait les lévites préposés au service du sanctuaire. 33 De Merari sont issues la famille de Mahli et celle de Moushi. 34 Ils étaient 6 200 de sexe masculin âgés de plus d’un mois. 35 Le chef du groupe familial et des familles de Merari était Tsouriel, fils d’Abihaïl. Ils campaient du côté nord de la Demeure. 36 Les Merarites étaient responsables des planches du tabernacle, de ses traverses, de ses piliers, de leurs socles et de tous les ustensiles, pour accomplir tous les travaux relatifs à ces objets. 37 Ils avaient aussi la charge des piliers autour du parvis avec leurs socles, leurs piquets et leurs cordages.
38 Moïse, Aaron et ses fils campaient devant le tabernacle, à l’est, devant la tente de la Rencontre. Ils étaient chargés du service du sanctuaire au nom des Israélites. Toute personne profane qui s’en serait approchée comme eux devait être mise à mort.
39 Le nombre total des lévites de sexe masculin d’un mois et plus, recensés par Moïse et Aaron sur l’ordre de l’Eternel et par familles, était de 22 000.
Le rachat des fils aînés
40 L’Eternel dit à Moïse : Fais à présent le recensement de tous les fils aînés parmi les Israélites depuis l’âge d’un mois et au-dessus, en dressant leur liste nominative. 41 A leur place, tu m’attribueras les lévites – je suis l’Eternel. Le bétail des lévites m’appartiendra aussi en échange de tous les premiers-nés du bétail des Israélites.
42 Moïse fit le recensement de tous les fils aînés des Israélites selon l’ordre que l’Eternel lui avait donné. 43 Le total des fils aînés âgés d’au moins un mois et dont il enregistra les noms était de 22 273.
44 L’Eternel parla à Moïse et dit : 45 Attribue-moi les lévites en échange de tous les fils aînés des Israélites, et le bétail des lévites à la place du leur, ainsi les lévites seront à moi. Je suis l’Eternel. 46 Pour le rachat des 273 fils aînés en surplus par rapport au nombre des lévites, 47 tu feras payer cinq pièces d’argent par tête au taux du sicle utilisé au sanctuaire, qui pèse vingt guéras[h]. 48 Tu donneras l’argent à Aaron et à ses fils comme prix du rachat de ceux qui sont en surplus par rapport au nombre des lévites.
49 Moïse reçut l’argent du rachat pour ceux qui étaient en excédent sur le nombre des fils aînés rachetés par les lévites ; 50 il reçut de la part des fils aînés israélites la somme de 1 365 sicles au taux du sicle en vigueur au sanctuaire. 51 Il remit l’argent du rachat à Aaron et à ses fils, selon l’ordre que l’Eternel lui avait donné.
Footnotes
- 3.4 Voir Lv 10.1-7.
- 3.6 Les lévites sont clairement distingués des prêtres, descendants d’Aaron (qui forment une branche des lévites). Ils seront les assistants, les aides des prêtres, mais n’accompliront pas toutes leurs fonctions.
- 3.9 Certains manuscrits du texte hébreu traditionnel, le Pentateuque samaritain et l’ancienne version grecque ont : me.
- 3.13 Voir Ex 13.1-16.
- 3.15 Les lévites ne devaient pas faire de service militaire ; c’est pourquoi ils ne sont pas comptés à partir de vingt ans comme les autres Israélites. Ce recensement sert à déterminer le rapport de leur nombre avec celui des premiers-nés (voir v. 40-51).
- 3.28 L’ancienne version grecque porte 8 300, ce qui s’accorde avec le total donné au v. 39.
- 3.31 Séparant le lieu saint du lieu très saint.
- 3.47 C’est-à-dire douze grammes. Comme il existait plusieurs systèmes de poids et mesures, il est précisé ici que c’est le système du sanctuaire qui est seul valable pour cette transaction. Le guéra valait environ 0,6 grammes d’argent ; le sicle pesait donc environ 12 grammes. Cette rançon constituera un revenu régulier pour les prêtres (voir 18.16).
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