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Special Inheritance Laws

27 [a] Then the daughters of Zelophehad son of Hepher, the son of Gilead, the son of Machir, the son of Manasseh of the families of Manasseh,[b] the son of Joseph came forward. Now these are the names of his daughters: Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah. And they stood before Moses and Eleazar the priest and the leaders of the whole assembly at the entrance to the tent of meeting and said, “Our father died in the wilderness, although[c] he was not part of[d] the company of those that gathered themselves together against the Lord in the company of Korah, but he died for his own sin,[e] and he had no sons. Why should the name of our father be lost from among his family because he had no son? Give us a possession[f] among the relatives[g] of our father.”

So Moses brought their case before the Lord. The Lord said to Moses: “The daughters of Zelophehad have a valid claim.[h] You must indeed[i] give them possession of an inheritance among their father’s relatives, and you must transfer[j] the inheritance of their father to them. And you must tell the Israelites, ‘If a man dies[k] and has no son, then you must transfer his inheritance to his daughter; and if he has no daughter, then you are to give his inheritance to his brothers; 10 and if he has no brothers, then you are to give his inheritance to his father’s brothers; 11 and if his father has no brothers, then you are to give his inheritance to his relative nearest to him from his family, and he will possess it. This will be for the Israelites a legal requirement,[l] as the Lord commanded Moses.’”

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Footnotes

  1. Numbers 27:1 sn For additional information on this section, see N. H. Snaith, “The Daughters of Zelophehad,” VT 16 (1966): 124-27; and J. Weingreen, “The Case of the Daughters of Zelophehad,” VT 16 (1966): 518-22.
  2. Numbers 27:1 tc The phrase “of the families of Manasseh” is absent from the Latin Vulgate.
  3. Numbers 27:3 tn This clause begins with a vav (ו) on a pronoun, marking it out as a disjunctive vav. In this context it fits best to take it as a circumstantial clause introducing concession.
  4. Numbers 27:3 tn Heb “in the midst of.”
  5. Numbers 27:3 tn The word order is emphatic: “but in/on account of his own sins he died.”
  6. Numbers 27:4 tn That is, the possession of land, or property, among the other families of their tribe.
  7. Numbers 27:4 tn The word is “brothers,” but this can be interpreted more loosely to relatives. So also in v. 7.
  8. Numbers 27:7 tn Heb “[the daughters of Zelophehad] speak right” (using the participle דֹּבְרֹת [doverot] with כֵּן [ken]).
  9. Numbers 27:7 tn The Hebrew text uses the infinitive absolute with the imperfect tense. The imperfect is functioning as the imperfect of instruction, and so the infinitive strengthens the force of the instruction.
  10. Numbers 27:7 tn The verb is the Hiphil perfect with a vav (ו) consecutive, from the root עָבַר (ʿavar, “to pass over”). Here it functions as the equivalent of the imperfect of instruction: “and you shall cause to pass,” meaning, “transfer.”
  11. Numbers 27:8 tn Heb “a man, if he dies.”
  12. Numbers 27:11 tn The expression is חֻקַּת מִשְׁפָּט (khuqqat mishpat, “a statute of judgment”), which means it is a fixed enactment that determines justice. It is one which is established by God.

Zelophehad’s daughters’ inheritance

27 The daughters of Zelophehad, Hepher’s son, Gilead’s grandson, Machir’s great-grandson, and Manasseh’s great-great-grandson, belonging to the clan of Manasseh son of Joseph, came forward. His daughters’ names were Mahlah, Noah, Hoglah, Milcah, and Tirzah. They stood before Moses, Eleazar the priest, the chiefs, and the entire community at the entrance of the meeting tent and said, “Our father died in the desert. He wasn’t part of the community who gathered against the Lord with Korah’s community. He died for his own sin, but he had no sons. Why should our father’s name be taken away from his clan because he didn’t have a son? Give us property among our father’s brothers.”

Moses brought their case before the Lord. The Lord said to Moses: Zelophehad’s daughters are right in what they are saying. By all means, give them property as an inheritance among their father’s brothers. Hand over their father’s inheritance to them. Speak to the Israelites and say: If a man dies and doesn’t have a son, you must hand his inheritance over to his daughters. If he doesn’t have a daughter, you will give his inheritance to his brothers. 10 If he doesn’t have any brothers, you should give his inheritance to his father’s brothers. 11 If his father had no brothers, you should give his inheritance to his nearest relative from his clan. He will take possession of it. This will be a regulation and a case law for the Israelites, as the Lord commanded Moses.

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