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De koperen slang

21 Harad, de koning van de Kanaänieten die in het Zuiderland woonden, hoorde dat Israël langs de Verspiedersweg kwam. Hij viel Israël aan en nam een aantal mensen gevangen mee. Toen deed het volk Israël een belofte aan de Heer: "Als U dit volk helemaal in onze macht geeft, zullen we al hun steden verwoesten." De Heer luisterde naar hen en gaf hun de overwinning over de Kanaänieten. Ze doodden hen en verwoestten hun steden. Daarom noemde Mozes die plaats Horma (= 'vernietiging').

Ze vertrokken van de berg Hor in de richting van de Rietzee. Want zo wilden ze om het land Edom heen trekken. Maar het volk werd onderweg ongeduldig. Ze mopperden en klaagden tegen God en tegen Mozes: "Waarom hebben jullie ons uit Egypte meegenomen? Om ons dood te laten gaan in de woestijn? Want er is hier geen brood en geen water. En dat flauwe spul (het manna) komt ons de neus uit." Toen stuurde de Heer giftige slangen op hen af, die hen beten. Heel veel mensen stierven. Toen ging het volk naar Mozes en zei: "We hebben verkeerd gedaan, want we hebben tegen de Heer en tegen jou gemopperd. Vraag alsjeblieft aan de Heer dat Hij ervoor zorgt dat de slangen weggaan!" Toen bad Mozes voor het volk. En de Heer zei tegen Mozes: "Maak een gifslang van koper en zet die op een paal. Iedereen die gebeten is, moet naar die slang kijken. Dan zal hij blijven leven." Toen maakte Mozes een koperen slang en zette die op een paal. Als iemand was gebeten en naar de koperen slang keek, bleef hij in leven.

De bron bij Beër

10 Daarna vertrokken de Israëlieten naar Obot. Daar zetten ze hun tenten op. 11 Van Obot trokken ze naar de heuvels van Abarim. Die liggen in de woestijn die aan de oostkant van Moab ligt. 12 Van daar gingen ze naar de Zered-beek. 13 Van de Zered trokken ze naar de overkant van de Arnon. De Arnon stroomt in de woestijn en komt uit het gebied van de Amorieten. Want de Arnon is de grens tussen Moab en de Amorieten. 14 (Daarom wordt er gezegd in het Boek van de Oorlogen van de Heer: 'Waheb in Sufa, en de dalen van de Arnon, 15 en op de hellingen van de beken die stromen naar de plaats Ar en tot aan de grens van Moab komen.') 16 Van daar gingen ze naar Beër. Daar bij Beër is de bron waarvan de Heer tegen Mozes zei: "Laat het volk bij elkaar komen, dan zal Ik ze water geven." 17 Daar maakte het volk dit lied:

'Borrel op, bron!
Zing om de beurt van de bron,
18 de bron die door koningen is gegraven,
die door de leiders van het volk is geboord met een koningsstaf,
met een heersersstaf.'

Koning Sihon van de Amorieten

19 Van de woestijn trokken ze naar Mattana. Van Mattana naar Nahaliël. 20 Van Nahaliël naar Bamot. Van Bamot naar het dal dat in de vlakte van Moab ligt, bij de berg van de Pisga, vanwaar je uitkijkt over de Wildernis.

21 Daar stuurde Israël boodschappers naar koning Sihon van de Amorieten. Ze moesten hem vragen: 22 "Mogen we door uw land trekken? We zullen op de weg blijven. We zullen niet dwars door akkers en wijngaarden gaan. We zullen geen bronwater drinken. We zullen over de grote weg gaan, totdat we uw land doorgetrokken zijn." 23 Maar Sihon wilde niet dat Israël door zijn land zou trekken. Hij riep zijn hele leger bij elkaar en ging Israël tegemoet in de woestijn. Bij Jaza viel hij Israël aan. 24 Maar Israël versloeg hem en veroverde zijn land vanaf de Arnon tot aan de Jabbok, de grens met het land van de Ammonieten. Want de grens van de Ammonieten werd goed verdedigd. 25 Israël veroverde alle steden van de Amorieten en ging er wonen: in Hesbon en alle andere plaatsen. 26 Hesbon was de stad waar koning Sihon woonde. Sihon had tegen de vorige koning van Moab gestreden en het hele land van Moab veroverd, tot aan de Arnon. 27 Daarom hebben de mensen die spreuken schrijven het volgende lied gemaakt:

'Kom naar Hesbon!
Versterk en herbouw de stad van Sihon!
28 Want uit Hesbon trok Sihons leger op
en verspreidde zich als een vuur over Moab.
Het vernietigde de stad Ar-Moab
en de leiders die heersten over de bergen van de Arnon.
29 Pas maar op, Moab!
Je bent verloren, volk van de god Kamos!
Jullie mannen sloegen op de vlucht voor Sihon.
En Kamos liet hen door Sihon gevangen nemen.
De vrouwen uit zijn land liet hij gevangen meenemen als buit.
30 Maar nu hebben we hen verslagen!
Hesbon is verwoest, samen met Dibon.
We hebben het land vanaf Nofat tot aan Medeba verwoest.'

31 Zo ging Israël in het land van de Amorieten wonen. 32 Daarna liet Mozes Jaëzer verkennen. Ze veroverden Jaëzer en de dorpen die daarbij hoorden. Ze verjoegen de Amorieten die daar woonden.

Koning Og van Bazan

33 Daarna trokken ze in de richting van Bazan. Og, de koning van Bazan, trok hun met zijn hele leger tegemoet. Want hij wilde hen bij Edreï aanvallen. 34 Maar de Heer zei tegen Mozes: "Wees niet bang voor hem. Want Ik geef hem en zijn hele volk en zijn land in jullie macht. Jullie zullen met hem hetzelfde doen als met koning Sihon van de Amorieten die in Hesbon woonde." 35 Zo versloegen ze hem, zijn zonen en zijn hele volk. Niemand ontkwam. Zo veroverden ze zijn land.

Arad Destroyed

21 When the Canaanite king of Arad,(A) who lived in the Negev,(B) heard that Israel was coming along the road to Atharim, he attacked the Israelites and captured some of them. Then Israel made this vow(C) to the Lord: “If you will deliver these people into our hands, we will totally destroy[a](D) their cities.” The Lord listened to Israel’s plea and gave the Canaanites(E) over to them. They completely destroyed them(F) and their towns; so the place was named Hormah.[b](G)

The Bronze Snake

They traveled from Mount Hor(H) along the route to the Red Sea,[c](I) to go around Edom.(J) But the people grew impatient on the way;(K) they spoke against God(L) and against Moses, and said, “Why have you brought us up out of Egypt(M) to die in the wilderness?(N) There is no bread! There is no water!(O) And we detest this miserable food!”(P)

Then the Lord sent venomous snakes(Q) among them; they bit the people and many Israelites died.(R) The people came to Moses(S) and said, “We sinned(T) when we spoke against the Lord and against you. Pray that the Lord(U) will take the snakes away from us.” So Moses prayed(V) for the people.

The Lord said to Moses, “Make a snake and put it up on a pole;(W) anyone who is bitten can look at it and live.” So Moses made a bronze snake(X) and put it up on a pole. Then when anyone was bitten by a snake and looked at the bronze snake, they lived.(Y)

The Journey to Moab

10 The Israelites moved on and camped at Oboth.(Z) 11 Then they set out from Oboth and camped in Iye Abarim, in the wilderness that faces Moab(AA) toward the sunrise. 12 From there they moved on and camped in the Zered Valley.(AB) 13 They set out from there and camped alongside the Arnon(AC), which is in the wilderness extending into Amorite territory. The Arnon is the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites.(AD) 14 That is why the Book of the Wars(AE) of the Lord says:

“. . . Zahab[d] in Suphah and the ravines,
    the Arnon 15 and[e] the slopes of the ravines
that lead to the settlement of Ar(AF)
    and lie along the border of Moab.”

16 From there they continued on to Beer,(AG) the well where the Lord said to Moses, “Gather the people together and I will give them water.”

17 Then Israel sang this song:(AH)

“Spring up, O well!
    Sing about it,
18 about the well that the princes dug,
    that the nobles of the people sank—
    the nobles with scepters and staffs.”

Then they went from the wilderness to Mattanah, 19 from Mattanah to Nahaliel, from Nahaliel to Bamoth, 20 and from Bamoth to the valley in Moab where the top of Pisgah(AI) overlooks the wasteland.

Defeat of Sihon and Og

21 Israel sent messengers(AJ) to say to Sihon(AK) king of the Amorites:(AL)

22 “Let us pass through your country. We will not turn aside into any field or vineyard, or drink water from any well. We will travel along the King’s Highway until we have passed through your territory.(AM)

23 But Sihon would not let Israel pass through his territory.(AN) He mustered his entire army and marched out into the wilderness against Israel. When he reached Jahaz,(AO) he fought with Israel.(AP) 24 Israel, however, put him to the sword(AQ) and took over his land(AR) from the Arnon to the Jabbok,(AS) but only as far as the Ammonites,(AT) because their border was fortified. 25 Israel captured all the cities of the Amorites(AU) and occupied them,(AV) including Heshbon(AW) and all its surrounding settlements. 26 Heshbon was the city of Sihon(AX) king of the Amorites,(AY) who had fought against the former king of Moab(AZ) and had taken from him all his land as far as the Arnon.(BA)

27 That is why the poets say:

“Come to Heshbon and let it be rebuilt;
    let Sihon’s city be restored.

28 “Fire went out from Heshbon,
    a blaze from the city of Sihon.(BB)
It consumed(BC) Ar(BD) of Moab,
    the citizens of Arnon’s heights.(BE)
29 Woe to you, Moab!(BF)
    You are destroyed, people of Chemosh!(BG)
He has given up his sons as fugitives(BH)
    and his daughters as captives(BI)
    to Sihon king of the Amorites.

30 “But we have overthrown them;
    Heshbon’s dominion has been destroyed all the way to Dibon.(BJ)
We have demolished them as far as Nophah,
    which extends to Medeba.(BK)

31 So Israel settled in the land of the Amorites.(BL)

32 After Moses had sent spies(BM) to Jazer,(BN) the Israelites captured its surrounding settlements and drove out the Amorites who were there. 33 Then they turned and went up along the road toward Bashan(BO),(BP) and Og king of Bashan and his whole army marched out to meet them in battle at Edrei.(BQ)

34 The Lord said to Moses, “Do not be afraid of him, for I have delivered him into your hands, along with his whole army and his land. Do to him what you did to Sihon king of the Amorites, who reigned in Heshbon.(BR)

35 So they struck him down, together with his sons and his whole army, leaving them no survivors.(BS) And they took possession of his land.(BT)

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 21:2 The Hebrew term refers to the irrevocable giving over of things or persons to the Lord, often by totally destroying them; also in verse 3.
  2. Numbers 21:3 Hormah means destruction.
  3. Numbers 21:4 Or the Sea of Reeds
  4. Numbers 21:14 Septuagint; Hebrew Waheb
  5. Numbers 21:15 Or “I have been given from Suphah and the ravines / of the Arnon 15 to

Canaanites Defeated at Hormah

21 The (A)king of Arad, the Canaanite, who dwelt in the South, heard that Israel was coming on the road to Atharim. Then he fought against Israel and took some of them prisoners. (B)So Israel made a vow to the Lord, and said, “If You will indeed deliver this people into my hand, then (C)I will utterly destroy their cities.” And the Lord listened to the voice of Israel and delivered up the Canaanites, and they utterly destroyed them and their cities. So the name of that place was called [a]Hormah.

The Bronze Serpent

Then they journeyed from Mount Hor by the Way of the Red Sea, to (D)go around the land of Edom; and the soul of the people became very [b]discouraged on the way. And the people (E)spoke against God and against Moses: “Why have you brought us up out of Egypt to die in the wilderness? For there is no food and no water, and our soul [c]loathes this worthless bread.” So (F)the Lord sent (G)fiery serpents among the people, and they bit the people; and many of the people of Israel died.

(H)Therefore the people came to Moses, and said, “We have (I)sinned, for we have spoken against the Lord and against you; (J)pray to the Lord that He take away the serpents from us.” So Moses prayed for the people.

Then the Lord said to Moses, (K)“Make a (L)fiery serpent, and set it on a pole; and it shall be that everyone who is bitten, when he looks at it, shall live.” So (M)Moses made a bronze serpent, and put it on a pole; and so it was, if a serpent had bitten anyone, when he looked at the bronze serpent, he lived.

From Mount Hor to Moab

10 Now the children of Israel moved on and (N)camped in Oboth. 11 And they journeyed from Oboth and camped at [d]Ije Abarim, in the wilderness which is east of Moab, toward the sunrise. 12 (O)From there they moved and camped in the Valley of Zered. 13 From there they moved and camped on the other side of the Arnon, which is in the wilderness that extends from the border of the Amorites; for (P)the Arnon is the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites. 14 Therefore it is said in the Book of the Wars of the Lord:

[e]“Waheb in Suphah,
The brooks of the Arnon,
15 And the slope of the brooks
That reaches to the dwelling of (Q)Ar,
And lies on the border of Moab.”

16 From there they went (R)to Beer, which is the well where the Lord said to Moses, “Gather the people together, and I will give them water.” 17 (S)Then Israel sang this song:

“Spring up, O well!
All of you sing to it—
18 The well the leaders sank,
Dug by the nation’s nobles,
By the (T)lawgiver, with their staves.”

And from the wilderness they went to Mattanah, 19 from Mattanah to Nahaliel, from Nahaliel to Bamoth, 20 and from Bamoth, in the valley that is in the [f]country of Moab, to the top of Pisgah which looks (U)down on the [g]wasteland.

King Sihon Defeated(V)

21 Then (W)Israel sent messengers to Sihon king of the Amorites, saying, 22 (X)“Let me pass through your land. We will not turn aside into fields or vineyards; we will not drink water from wells. We will go by the King’s Highway until we have passed through your territory.” 23 (Y)But Sihon would not allow Israel to pass through his territory. So Sihon gathered all his people together and [h]went out against Israel in the wilderness, (Z)and he came to Jahaz and fought against Israel. 24 Then (AA)Israel defeated him with the edge of the sword, and took possession of his land from the Arnon to the Jabbok, as far as the people of Ammon; for the border of the people of Ammon was fortified. 25 So Israel took all these cities, and Israel (AB)dwelt in all the cities of the Amorites, in Heshbon and in all its villages. 26 For Heshbon was the city of Sihon king of the Amorites, who had fought against the former king of Moab, and had taken all his land from his hand as far as the Arnon. 27 Therefore those who speak in [i]proverbs say:

“Come to Heshbon, let it be built;
Let the city of Sihon be repaired.

28 “For (AC)fire went out from Heshbon,
A flame from the city of Sihon;
It consumed (AD)Ar of Moab,
The lords of the (AE)heights of the Arnon.
29 Woe to you, (AF)Moab!
You have perished, O people of (AG)Chemosh!
He has given his (AH)sons as fugitives,
And his (AI)daughters into captivity,
To Sihon king of the Amorites.

30 “But we have shot at them;
Heshbon has perished (AJ)as far as Dibon.
Then we laid waste as far as Nophah,
Which reaches to (AK)Medeba.”

31 Thus Israel dwelt in the land of the Amorites. 32 Then Moses sent to [j]spy out (AL)Jazer; and they took its villages and drove out the Amorites who were there.

King Og Defeated(AM)

33 (AN)And they turned and went up by the way to (AO)Bashan. So Og king of Bashan went out against them, he and all his people, to battle (AP)at Edrei. 34 Then the Lord said to Moses, (AQ)“Do not fear him, for I have [k]delivered him into your hand, with all his people and his land; and (AR)you shall do to him as you did to Sihon king of the Amorites, who dwelt at Heshbon.” 35 (AS)So they defeated him, his sons, and all his people, until there was no survivor left him; and they took possession of his land.

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 21:3 Lit. Utter Destruction
  2. Numbers 21:4 impatient
  3. Numbers 21:5 detests
  4. Numbers 21:11 Lit. The Heaps of Abarim
  5. Numbers 21:14 Ancient unknown places; Vg. What He did in the Red Sea
  6. Numbers 21:20 Lit. field
  7. Numbers 21:20 Heb. Jeshimon
  8. Numbers 21:23 attacked
  9. Numbers 21:27 parables
  10. Numbers 21:32 secretly search
  11. Numbers 21:34 given you victory over him

Arad Destroyed

21 When (A)the Canaanite, the king of Arad, who lived in (B)the Negeb, heard that Israel was coming by the way of Atharim, he fought against Israel, and took some of them captive. (C)And Israel vowed a vow to the Lord and said, “If you will indeed give this people into my hand, then I will devote their cities to destruction.”[a] And the Lord heeded the voice of Israel and gave over the Canaanites, and they devoted them and their cities to destruction. So the name of the place was called (D)Hormah.[b]

The Bronze Serpent

From Mount Hor (E)they set out by the way to the Red Sea, (F)to go around the land of Edom. And the people became impatient on the way. And the people (G)spoke against God and against Moses, (H)“Why have you brought us up out of Egypt to die in the wilderness? For there is no food and no water, and (I)we loathe this worthless food.” (J)Then the Lord sent fiery serpents among the people, and (K)they bit the people, so that many people of Israel died. (L)And the people came to Moses and said, “We have sinned, for we have spoken against the Lord and against you. (M)Pray to the Lord, that he take away the serpents from us.” So Moses prayed for the people. And the Lord said to Moses, “Make a fiery serpent and set it on a pole, and everyone who is bitten, when he sees it, shall live.” So (N)Moses made a bronze[c] serpent and set it on a pole. And if a serpent bit anyone, he would look at the bronze serpent and live.

The Song of the Well

10 And the people of Israel set out and (O)camped in Oboth. 11 (P)And they set out from Oboth and (Q)camped at Iye-abarim, in the wilderness that is opposite Moab, toward the sunrise. 12 From there they set out and camped in (R)the Valley of Zered. 13 From there they set out and camped on the other side of the Arnon, which is in the wilderness that extends from the border of the Amorites, for the (S)Arnon is the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites. 14 Therefore it is said in the Book of the Wars of the Lord,

“Waheb in Suphah, and the valleys of the Arnon,
15 and the slope of the valleys
that extends to the seat of (T)Ar,
and leans to the border of Moab.”

16 And from there they continued (U)to Beer;[d] that is the well of which the Lord said to Moses, “Gather the people together, so that (V)I may give them water.” 17 Then Israel sang this song:

“Spring up, O well!—Sing to it!—
18 the well that the princes made,
that the nobles of the people dug,
with (W)the scepter and with their staffs.”

And from the wilderness they went on to Mattanah, 19 and from Mattanah to Nahaliel, and from Nahaliel to Bamoth, 20 and from Bamoth to the valley lying in the region of Moab by the top of Pisgah (X)that looks down on the desert.[e]

King Sihon Defeated

21 Then (Y)Israel sent messengers to Sihon king of the Amorites, saying, 22 (Z)“Let me pass through your land. We will not turn aside into field or vineyard. We will not drink the water of a well. We will go by the King's Highway until we have passed through your territory.” 23 (AA)But Sihon would not allow Israel to pass through his territory. He gathered all his people together and went out against Israel to the wilderness and (AB)came to Jahaz and fought against Israel. 24 (AC)And Israel defeated him with the edge of the sword and took possession of his land from the Arnon to the (AD)Jabbok, as far as to the Ammonites, for the border of the Ammonites was strong. 25 And Israel took all these cities, and Israel settled in all the cities of the Amorites, in Heshbon, and in all its villages. 26 For Heshbon was the city of Sihon the king of the Amorites, who had fought against the former king of Moab and taken all his land out of his hand, as far as the Arnon. 27 Therefore the (AE)ballad singers say,

“Come to (AF)Heshbon, let it be built;
    let the city of Sihon be established.
28 For (AG)fire came out from (AH)Heshbon,
    flame from the city of Sihon.
It devoured (AI)Ar of Moab,
    and swallowed[f] the heights of the Arnon.
29 (AJ)Woe to you, O Moab!
    You are undone, O people of (AK)Chemosh!
He has made his sons fugitives,
    and his daughters captives,
    to an Amorite king, Sihon.
30 So we overthrew them;
    Heshbon, as far as (AL)Dibon, perished;
    and we laid waste as far as Nophah;
    fire spread as far as (AM)Medeba.”[g]

King Og Defeated

31 Thus Israel lived in the land of the Amorites. 32 And Moses sent to spy out (AN)Jazer, and they captured its villages and dispossessed the Amorites who were there. 33 Then they turned and went up by the way to Bashan. And Og the king of Bashan came out against them, he and all his people, to battle (AO)at Edrei. 34 (AP)But the Lord said to Moses, “Do not fear him, for I have given him into your hand, and all his people, and his land. And (AQ)you shall do to him as you did to Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived at Heshbon.” 35 So they defeated him and his sons and all his people, until he had no survivor left. And they possessed his land.

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 21:2 That is, set apart (devote) as an offering to the Lord (for destruction); also verse 3
  2. Numbers 21:3 Hormah means destruction
  3. Numbers 21:9 Or copper
  4. Numbers 21:16 Beer means well
  5. Numbers 21:20 Or Jeshimon
  6. Numbers 21:28 Septuagint; Hebrew the lords of
  7. Numbers 21:30 Compare Samaritan and Septuagint; Hebrew and we laid waste as far as Nophah, which is as far as Medeba