20 1 Miriam dieth.  2 The people murmur. 8 They have water out of the rock. 14 Edom denieth the Israelites passage. 25, 28 The death of Aaron in whose room Eleazar succeedeth.

Then the children of Israel came with the whole Congregation to the desert of Zin in the first [a]month, and the people abode at Kadesh: where [b]Miriam died, and was buried there.

But there was no water for the Congregation, and they [c]assembled themselves against Moses and against Aaron.

And the people chode with Moses, and spake, saying, Would God we had perished (A)when our brethren died before the Lord.

(B)Why have ye thus brought the Congregation of the Lord unto this wilderness, that both we and our cattle should die there?

Wherefore now have ye made us to come up from Egypt, to bring us into this miserable place, which is no place of seed, nor figs, nor vines, nor pomegranates? neither is there any water to drink.

Then Moses and Aaron went from the assembly unto the door of the Tabernacle of the Congregation, and fell upon their faces: and the glory of the Lord appeared unto them.

And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying,

Take the [d]rod, and gather thou and thy brother Aaron the Congregation together, and speak ye unto the rock before their eyes, and it shall give forth his water, and thou shalt bring them water out of the rock: so thou shalt give the Congregation and the beasts drink.

Then Moses took the rod from before the Lord, as he had commanded him.

10 And Moses and Aaron gathered the Congregation together before the rock: and Moses said unto them, Hear now ye rebels: [e]shall we bring you water out of this rock?

11 Then Moses lift up his hand, and with his rod he smote the rock twice, and the water came out abundantly: so the Congregation, and their beasts drank.

12 ¶ Again, the Lord spake unto Moses, and to Aaron, Because ye believed me not, to [f]sanctify me in the presence of the children of Israel, therefore ye shall not bring this Congregation into the land which I have given them.

13 This is the water of [g]Meribah, because the children of Israel strove with the Lord, and he [h]was sanctified in them.

14 ¶ Then Moses sent messengers from Kadesh unto the king of [i]Edom, saying, Thus saith thy brother Israel, Thou knowest all the travail that we have had,

15 How our fathers went down into Egypt, and we dwelt in Egypt a long time, where the Egyptians handled us evil and our fathers.

16 But when we cried unto the Lord, he heard our voice, and sent an Angel, and hath brought us out of Egypt, and behold, we are in the city Kadesh, in thine utmost border.

17 I pray thee that we may pass through thy country: we will not go through the fields nor the vineyards, neither will we drink of the water of the wells: we will go by the [j]king’s way, and neither turn to the right hand nor to the left, until we be past thy borders.

18 And Edom answered him, [k]Thou shalt not pass by me, lest I come out against thee with the sword.

19 Then the children of Israel said unto him, We will go up by the highway: and if I and my cattle drink of thy water, I will then pay for it: I will only (without any harm) go through on my feet.

20 He answered again, Thou shalt not go through. Then [l]Edom came out against him with much people, and with a mighty power.

21 Thus Edom denied to give Israel passage through his country: wherefore Israel [m]turned away from him.

22 ¶ And when the children of Israel with all the Congregation departed from (C)Kadesh, they came unto mount Hor.

23 And the Lord spake unto Moses and to Aaron in the mount Hor near the coast of the land of Edom, saying,

24 Aaron shall be [n]gathered unto his people: for he shall not enter into the land, which I have given unto the children of Israel, because ye [o]disobeyed my commandment at the water of [p]Meribah.

25 Take (D)Aaron and Eleazar his son, and bring them up into the mount Hor,

26 And cause Aaron to put off his garments, and put them upon Eleazar his son: for Aaron shall be gathered to his fathers, and shall die there.

27 And Moses did as the Lord had commanded: and they went up into the mount Hor, in the sight of all the Congregation.

28 And Moses put off Aaron’s clothes, and put them upon Eleazar his son: (E)so Aaron died there in the top of the mount: and Moses and Eleazar came down from off the mount.

29 When all the Congregation saw that Aaron was dead, all the house of Israel [q]wept for Aaron thirty days.

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 20:1 This was forty years after their departure from Egypt.
  2. Numbers 20:1 Moses and Aaron’s sister.
  3. Numbers 20:2 Another rebellion was in Raphidim, Exod. 17, and this was in Kadesh.
  4. Numbers 20:8 Wherewith thou diddest miracles in Egypt, and didst divide the sea.
  5. Numbers 20:10 The punishment which followed hereof, declared that Moses and Aaron believed not the Lord’s promise, as appeareth, verse 12.
  6. Numbers 20:12 That the children of Israel should believe, and acknowledge my power, and so honor me.
  7. Numbers 20:13 Or, strife and contention, Num. 27:14.
  8. Numbers 20:13 By showing himself almighty and maintaining his glory.
  9. Numbers 20:14 Because Jacob or Israel was Esau’s brother, who was called Edom.
  10. Numbers 20:17 Or, highway.
  11. Numbers 20:18 Or, come not.
  12. Numbers 20:20 Or, the Edomites.
  13. Numbers 20:21 To pass by another way.
  14. Numbers 20:24 Read Gen. 25:8.
  15. Numbers 20:24 Or, rebelled.
  16. Numbers 20:24 Or, strife.
  17. Numbers 20:29 Or, mourned.

De Qadesh aux steppes de Moab

La contestation contre Moïse et Aaron

20 Le premier mois de l’année[a], toute la communauté des Israélites parvint au désert de Tsîn. Le peuple établit son campement à Qadesh. C’est là que mourut Miryam[b] et qu’elle fut enterrée.

L’eau vint à manquer. Alors le peuple s’attroupa pour s’en prendre à Moïse et Aaron. Ils s’en prirent à Moïse et lui dirent : Ah ! Si seulement nous étions morts quand nos compatriotes ont péri devant l’Eternel[c] ! Pourquoi avez-vous mené la communauté de l’Eternel dans ce désert ? Pour nous y faire mourir, nous et notre bétail ? Pourquoi nous avez-vous fait quitter l’Egypte et venir dans ce lieu de misère ? Ici on ne peut rien semer ! Il n’y a ni figuier, ni vigne, ni grenadier. Il n’y a même pas d’eau à boire !

Moïse et Aaron s’éloignèrent de l’assemblée pour se diriger vers l’entrée de la tente de la Rencontre où ils se jetèrent face contre terre. Alors la gloire de l’Eternel leur apparut.

L’Eternel parla à Moïse et lui dit : Prends ton bâton et, avec ton frère Aaron, rassemblez la communauté. Devant eux, vous parlerez à ce rocher pour qu’il donne son eau. Ainsi tu feras jaillir pour eux de l’eau du rocher, et tu donneras à boire à la communauté et au bétail.

Moïse prit le bâton qui se trouvait devant l’Eternel, comme celui-ci le lui avait ordonné. 10 Moïse et Aaron convoquèrent l’assemblée devant le rocher désigné ; et Moïse leur dit : Ecoutez donc, rebelles que vous êtes ! Croyez-vous que nous pourrons faire jaillir pour vous de l’eau de ce rocher ?

11 Moïse leva la main et, par deux fois, frappa le rocher avec son bâton. L’eau jaillit en abondance. Hommes et bêtes purent se désaltérer[d].

12 Mais l’Eternel dit à Moïse et à Aaron : Vous ne m’avez pas été fidèles et vous n’avez pas honoré ma sainteté aux yeux des Israélites. A cause de cela, vous ne ferez pas entrer cette assemblée dans le pays que je leur destine.

13 Ce sont là les eaux de Meriba (de la Querelle), où les Israélites avaient cherché querelle à l’Eternel, et où il manifesta sa sainteté devant eux.

Le roi d’Edom refuse le droit de passage

14 De Qadesh, Moïse envoya des messagers au roi d’Edom pour lui faire dire : Ainsi parle ton frère Israël[e] : Tu connais toutes les difficultés que nous avons rencontrées. 15 Jadis, nos ancêtres se sont rendus en Egypte, où nous avons séjourné de nombreuses années. Mais les Egyptiens nous ont maltraités, après avoir maltraité nos ancêtres. 16 Alors nous avons crié à l’Eternel, et il nous a entendus. Il a envoyé un ange[f] et nous a fait sortir d’Egypte. A présent, nous sommes à Qadesh, une ville située aux confins de ton territoire. 17 Permets-nous de traverser ton pays ! Nous ne passerons ni dans les champs ni dans les vignes, et nous ne boirons pas d’eau de vos puits ; nous suivrons la route royale sans nous en écarter ni à droite ni à gauche, jusqu’à ce que nous ayons traversé ton territoire.

18 Le roi d’Edom lui répondit : Vous ne traverserez pas mon pays, sinon je vous attaquerai avec mon armée.

19 Les émissaires d’Israël lui dirent : Nous ne ferons que suivre la grande route ; et si nous buvons de ton eau, nous et nos troupeaux, nous t’en payerons le prix, nous ne demandons rien d’autre que le droit de passer à pied.

20 Mais le roi répondit : Vous ne passerez pas !

Et les Edomites marchèrent à la rencontre des Israélites avec des forces considérables et une armée puissante. 21 Devant le refus d’Edom de donner le droit de passage aux Israélites sur son territoire, ces derniers prirent une autre direction[g].

La mort d’Aaron

22 Toute la communauté des Israélites quitta Qadesh. Ils arrivèrent à la montagne de Hor. 23 Là, à la montagne de Hor, sur les confins d’Edom, l’Eternel dit à Moïse et à Aaron : 24 Aaron va bientôt rejoindre ses ancêtres décédés. Il n’entrera pas dans le pays que je vais donner aux Israélites car vous avez désobéi à mes ordres au sujet des eaux de Meriba. 25 Prends donc Aaron et son fils Eléazar, et fais-les monter sur la montagne de Hor. 26 Tu enlèveras à Aaron ses vêtements de prêtre et tu en revêtiras son fils Eléazar. Alors Aaron ira rejoindre les siens : il mourra là[h].

27 Moïse fit ce que l’Eternel avait ordonné. Les trois hommes gravirent la montagne de Hor sous les yeux de toute la communauté. 28 Moïse ôta les vêtements d’Aaron et en revêtit son fils Eléazar. Aaron mourut là au sommet de la montagne. Moïse et Eléazar redescendirent de la montagne. 29 Toute la communauté comprit qu’Aaron était mort. Alors tout le peuple d’Israël célébra son deuil pendant trente jours.

Footnotes

  1. 20.1 Le premier mois de l’année juive débute en mars ou avril suivant les années. L’année n’est pas indiquée. En comparant les v. 22-29 avec 33.38, on peut conclure qu’il s’agit de la quarantième année après l’Exode.
  2. 20.1 Sœur de Moïse et d’Aaron (Ex 2.4 ; 15.20-21 ; Nb 12.1) plus âgée qu’eux (Ex 2.4-8). D’après 33.39, Aaron mourut quatre mois après elle, âgé de cent vingt-trois ans, donc Miryam devait avoir environ cent trente ans.
  3. 20.3 Allusion à l’épisode rapporté en 16.28-35.
  4. 20.11 Au lieu de parler au rocher (v. 8), selon l’ordre de l’Eternel, Moïse frappe le rocher après avoir parlé au peuple (cp. Ex 17.6), et qui plus est à deux reprises. Voir Ps 106.32-33.
  5. 20.14 Israël est un autre nom de Jacob, frère d’Esaü. Ne pouvant passer par le sud (14.45), Israël essaie de contourner la mer Morte et d’entrer en Canaan par l’est.
  6. 20.16 Voir Ex 14.19 ; 23.20.
  7. 20.21 Sans doute longèrent-ils la frontière d’Edom (21.4) pour se rendre vers l’est du pays de Moab.
  8. 20.26 Voir Ex 29.29-30.

Water From the Rock

20 In the first month the whole Israelite community arrived at the Desert of Zin,(A) and they stayed at Kadesh.(B) There Miriam(C) died and was buried.

Now there was no water(D) for the community,(E) and the people gathered in opposition(F) to Moses and Aaron. They quarreled(G) with Moses and said, “If only we had died when our brothers fell dead(H) before the Lord!(I) Why did you bring the Lord’s community into this wilderness,(J) that we and our livestock should die here?(K) Why did you bring us up out of Egypt to this terrible place? It has no grain or figs, grapevines or pomegranates.(L) And there is no water to drink!(M)

Moses and Aaron went from the assembly to the entrance to the tent of meeting(N) and fell facedown,(O) and the glory of the Lord(P) appeared to them. The Lord said to Moses, “Take the staff,(Q) and you and your brother Aaron gather the assembly together. Speak to that rock before their eyes and it will pour out its water.(R) You will bring water out of the rock for the community so they and their livestock can drink.”

So Moses took the staff(S) from the Lord’s presence,(T) just as he commanded him. 10 He and Aaron gathered the assembly together(U) in front of the rock and Moses said to them, “Listen, you rebels, must we bring you water out of this rock?”(V) 11 Then Moses raised his arm and struck the rock twice with his staff. Water(W) gushed out, and the community and their livestock drank.

12 But the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “Because you did not trust in me enough to honor me as holy(X) in the sight of the Israelites, you will not bring this community into the land I give them.”(Y)

13 These were the waters of Meribah,[a](Z) where the Israelites quarreled(AA) with the Lord and where he was proved holy among them.(AB)

Edom Denies Israel Passage

14 Moses sent messengers from Kadesh(AC) to the king of Edom,(AD) saying:

“This is what your brother Israel says: You know(AE) about all the hardships(AF) that have come on us. 15 Our ancestors went down into Egypt,(AG) and we lived there many years.(AH) The Egyptians mistreated(AI) us and our ancestors, 16 but when we cried out to the Lord, he heard our cry(AJ) and sent an angel(AK) and brought us out of Egypt.(AL)

“Now we are here at Kadesh, a town on the edge of your territory.(AM) 17 Please let us pass through your country. We will not go through any field or vineyard, or drink water from any well. We will travel along the King’s Highway and not turn to the right or to the left until we have passed through your territory.(AN)

18 But Edom(AO) answered:

“You may not pass through here; if you try, we will march out and attack you with the sword.(AP)

19 The Israelites replied:

“We will go along the main road, and if we or our livestock(AQ) drink any of your water, we will pay for it.(AR) We only want to pass through on foot—nothing else.”

20 Again they answered:

“You may not pass through.(AS)

Then Edom(AT) came out against them with a large and powerful army. 21 Since Edom refused to let them go through their territory,(AU) Israel turned away from them.(AV)

The Death of Aaron

22 The whole Israelite community set out from Kadesh(AW) and came to Mount Hor.(AX) 23 At Mount Hor, near the border of Edom,(AY) the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, 24 “Aaron will be gathered to his people.(AZ) He will not enter the land I give the Israelites, because both of you rebelled against my command(BA) at the waters of Meribah.(BB) 25 Get Aaron and his son Eleazar and take them up Mount Hor.(BC) 26 Remove Aaron’s garments(BD) and put them on his son Eleazar, for Aaron will be gathered to his people;(BE) he will die there.”

27 Moses did as the Lord commanded: They went up Mount Hor(BF) in the sight of the whole community. 28 Moses removed Aaron’s garments and put them on his son Eleazar.(BG) And Aaron died there(BH) on top of the mountain. Then Moses and Eleazar came down from the mountain, 29 and when the whole community learned that Aaron had died,(BI) all the Israelites mourned for him(BJ) thirty days.

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 20:13 Meribah means quarreling.