Numbers 18
New English Translation
Responsibilities of the Priests
18 [a] The Lord said to Aaron, “You and your sons and your tribe[b] with you must bear the iniquity of the sanctuary,[c] and you and your sons with you must bear the iniquity of your priesthood.
2 “Bring with you your brothers, the tribe of Levi, the tribe of your father, so that they may join[d] with you and minister to you while[e] you and your sons with you are before the tent of the testimony. 3 They must be responsible to care for you and to care for the entire tabernacle. However, they must not come near the furnishings of the sanctuary and the altar, or both they and you will die. 4 They must join[f] with you, and they will be responsible for the care of the tent of meeting, for all the service of the tent, but no unauthorized person[g] may approach you. 5 You will be responsible for the care of the sanctuary and the care of the altar, so that there will be[h] no more wrath on the Israelites. 6 I myself have chosen[i] your brothers the Levites from among the Israelites. They are given to you as a gift from the Lord, to perform the duties[j] of the tent of meeting. 7 But you and your sons with you are responsible for your priestly duties, for everything at the altar and within the curtain. And you must serve. I give you the priesthood as a gift for service, but the unauthorized person who approaches must be put to death.”
The Portion of the Priests
8 The Lord spoke to Aaron, “See, I have given you the responsibility for my raised offerings; I have given all the holy things of the Israelites to you as your priestly portion[k] and to your sons as a perpetual ordinance. 9 Of all the most holy offerings reserved[l] from the fire this will be yours: Every offering of theirs, whether from every grain offering or from every purification offering or from every reparation offering which they bring to me, will be most holy for you and for your sons. 10 You are to eat it as a most holy offering; every male may eat it. It will be holy to you.
11 “And this is yours: the raised offering of their gift, along with all the wave offerings of the Israelites. I have given them to you and to your sons and daughters with you as a perpetual ordinance. Everyone who is ceremonially clean in your household may eat of it.
12 “All the best of the olive oil and all the best of the wine and of the wheat, the firstfruits of these things that they give to the Lord, I have given to you.[m] 13 And whatever first ripe fruit in their land they bring to the Lord will be yours; everyone who is ceremonially clean in your household may eat of it.
14 “Everything devoted[n] in Israel will be yours. 15 The firstborn of every womb which they present to the Lord, whether human or animal, will be yours. Nevertheless, the firstborn sons you must redeem,[o] and the firstborn males of unclean animals you must redeem. 16 And those that must be redeemed you are to redeem when they are a month old, according to your estimation, for five shekels of silver according to the sanctuary shekel (which is twenty gerahs). 17 But you must not redeem the firstborn of a cow or a sheep or a goat; they are holy. You must splash[p] their blood on the altar and burn their fat for an offering made by fire for a pleasing aroma to the Lord. 18 And their meat will be yours, just as the breast and the right hip of the raised offering is yours. 19 All the raised offerings of the holy things that the Israelites offer to the Lord, I have given to you, and to your sons and daughters with you, as a perpetual ordinance. It is a covenant of salt[q] forever before the Lord for you and for your descendants with you.”
Duties of the Levites
20 The Lord spoke to Aaron, “You will have no inheritance in their land, nor will you have any portion of property[r] among them—I am your portion and your inheritance among the Israelites. 21 See, I have given the Levites all the tithes in Israel for an inheritance, for their service that they perform—the service of the tent of meeting. 22 No longer may the Israelites approach the tent of meeting, or else they will bear their sin[s] and die. 23 But the Levites must perform the service[t] of the tent of meeting, and they must bear their iniquity.[u] It will be a perpetual ordinance throughout your generations that among the Israelites the Levites[v] have no inheritance.[w] 24 But I have given[x] to the Levites for an inheritance the tithes of the Israelites that are offered[y] to the Lord as a raised offering. That is why I said to them that among the Israelites they are to have no inheritance.”
Instructions for the Levites
25 The Lord spoke to Moses: 26 “You are to speak to the Levites, and you must tell them, ‘When you receive from the Israelites the tithe that I have given you from them as your inheritance, then you are to offer up[z] from it as a raised offering to the Lord a tenth of the tithe. 27 And your raised offering will be credited[aa] to you as though it were grain from the threshing floor or as new wine[ab] from the winepress. 28 Thus you are to offer up a raised offering to the Lord of all your tithes that you receive from the Israelites; and you must give the Lord’s raised offering from it to Aaron the priest. 29 From all your gifts you must offer up every raised offering due[ac] the Lord, from all the best of it, and the holiest part of it.’[ad]
30 “Therefore you will say to them,[ae] ‘When you offer up[af] the best of it, then it will be credited to the Levites as the product of the threshing floor and as the product of the winepress. 31 And you may[ag] eat it in any place, you and your household, because it is your wages for your service in the tent of meeting. 32 And you will bear no sin concerning it when you offer up the best of it. And you must not profane the holy things of the Israelites, or else you will die.’”[ah]
Footnotes
- Numbers 18:1 sn This chapter and the next may have been inserted here to explain how the priests are to function because in the preceding chapter Aaron’s position was affirmed. The chapter seems to fall into four units: responsibilities of priests (vv. 1-7), their portions (vv. 8-19), responsibilities of Levites (vv. 20-24), and instructions for Levites (vv. 25-32).
- Numbers 18:1 tn Heb “your father’s house.”
- Numbers 18:1 sn The responsibility for the sanctuary included obligations relating to any violation of the sanctuary. This was stated to forestall any further violations of the sanctuary. The priests were to pay for any ritual errors, primarily if any came too near. Since the priests and Levites come near all the time, they risk violating ritual laws more than any. So, with the great privileges come great responsibilities. The bottom line is that they were responsible for the sanctuary.
- Numbers 18:2 sn The verb forms a wordplay on the name Levi, and makes an allusion to the naming of the tribe Levi by Leah in the book of Genesis. There Leah hoped that with the birth of Levi her husband would be attached to her. Here, with the selection of the tribe to serve in the sanctuary, there is the wordplay again showing that the Levites will be attached to Aaron and the priests. The verb is יִלָּווּ (yillavu), which forms a nice wordplay with Levi (לֵוִי). The tribe will now be attached to the sanctuary. The verb is the imperfect with a vav (ו) that shows volitive sequence after the imperative, here indicating a purpose clause.
- Numbers 18:2 tn The clause is a circumstantial clause because the disjunctive vav (ו) is on a nonverb to start the clause.
- Numbers 18:4 tn Now the sentence uses the Niphal perfect with a vav (ו) consecutive from the same root לָוָה (lavah).
- Numbers 18:4 tn The word is “stranger, alien,” but it can also mean Israelites here.
- Numbers 18:5 tn The clause is a purpose clause, and the imperfect tense a final imperfect.
- Numbers 18:6 tn Heb “taken.”
- Numbers 18:6 tn The infinitive construct in this sentence is from עָבַד (ʿavad), and so is the noun that serves as its object: to serve the service.
- Numbers 18:8 tn This is an uncommon root. It may be connected to the word “anoint” as here (see RSV). But it may also be seen as an intended parallel to “perpetual due” (see Gen 47:22; Exod 29:28; Lev 6:11 [HT]).
- Numbers 18:9 tn Heb “from the fire.” It probably refers to those parts that were not burned.
- Numbers 18:12 tn This form may be classified as a perfect of resolve—he has decided to give them to them, even though this is a listing of what they will receive.
- Numbers 18:14 tn The “ban” (חֵרֶם, kherem) in Hebrew describes that which is exclusively the Lord’s, either for his sanctuary use, or for his destruction. It seems to refer to an individual’s devoting something freely to God.
- Numbers 18:15 tn The construction uses the infinitive absolute and the imperfect tense of the verb “to redeem” in order to stress the point—they were to be redeemed. N. H. Snaith suggests that the verb means to get by payment what was not originally yours, whereas the other root גָאַל (gaʾal) means to get back what was originally yours (Leviticus and Numbers [NCB], 268).
- Numbers 18:17 tn Or “throw, toss.”
- Numbers 18:19 sn Salt was used in all the offerings; its importance as a preservative made it a natural symbol for the covenant which was established by sacrifice. Even general agreements were attested by sacrifice, and the phrase “covenant of salt” speaks of such agreements as binding and irrevocable. Note the expression in Ezra 4:14, “we have been salted with the salt of the palace.” See further J. F. Ross, IDB 4:167.
- Numbers 18:20 tn The phrase “of property” is supplied as a clarification.
- Numbers 18:22 tn The Hebrew text uses the infinitive construct of the verb “to bear” with the preposition ל (lamed) to express the result of such an action. “To bear their sin” would mean that they would have to suffer the consequences of their sin.
- Numbers 18:23 tn The verse begins with the perfect tense of עָבַד (ʿavad) with vav (ו) consecutive, making the form equal to the instructions preceding it. As its object the verb has the cognate accusative “service.”
- Numbers 18:23 sn The Levites have the care of the tent of meeting, and so they are responsible for any transgressions against it.
- Numbers 18:23 tn Heb “they”; the referent (the Levites) has been supplied in the translation for clarity.
- Numbers 18:23 tn The Hebrew text uses both the verb and the object from the same root to stress the point: They will not inherit an inheritance. The inheritance refers to land.
- Numbers 18:24 tn The classification of the perfect tense here too could be the perfect of resolve, since this law is declaring what will be their portion—“I have decided to give.”
- Numbers 18:24 tn In the Hebrew text the verb has no expressed subject (although the “Israelites” is certainly intended), and so it can be rendered as a passive.
- Numbers 18:26 tn The verb in this clause is the Hiphil perfect with a vav (ו) consecutive; it has the same force as an imperfect of instruction: “when…then you are to offer up.”
- Numbers 18:27 tn The verb is חָשַׁב (khashav, “to reckon; to count; to think”); it is the same verb used for “crediting” Abram with righteousness. Here the tithe of the priests will be counted as if it were a regular tithe.
- Numbers 18:27 tn Heb “fullness,” meaning the fullness of the harvest, i.e., a full harvest.
- Numbers 18:29 tn The construction is “every raised offering of the Lord”; the genitive here is probably to be taken as a genitive of worth—the offering that is due the Lord.
- Numbers 18:29 tn Or “its hallowed thing.”
- Numbers 18:30 tn The wording of this verse is confusing; it may be that it is addressed to the priests, telling them how to deal with the offerings of the Levites.
- Numbers 18:30 tn The clause begins with the infinitive construct with its preposition and suffixed subject serving to indicate the temporal clause.
- Numbers 18:31 tn The verb is the perfect tense with vav (ו) consecutive; it functions as the equivalent of the imperfect of permission.
- Numbers 18:32 tn The final clause could also be rendered “in order that you do not die.” The larger section can also be interpreted differently; rather than take it as a warning, it could be taken as an assurance that when they do all of this they will not be profaning it and so will not die (R. K. Harrison, Numbers [WEC], 253).
Numeri 18
BasisBijbel
De taak van de Levieten
18 Toen zei de Heer tegen Aäron: "Jij, je zonen en de andere Levieten zijn verantwoordelijk als er iets verkeerd gedaan wordt bij de dienst in het heiligdom. En jij en je zonen zijn zelf verantwoordelijk voor de verkeerde dingen die jullie zelf als priester doen. 2 De andere mannen uit de stam van Levi zullen jou en je zonen helpen bij het werk in het heiligdom. Maar jij en je zonen moeten dienen in de tent van ontmoeting, mijn heiligdom. 3 De Levieten moeten met jullie voor de tent zorgen. Maar zij mogen het wierook-altaar en de heilige voorwerpen in de tent van ontmoeting niet aanraken. Anders zullen ze sterven, en jullie ook. 4 Zij zullen jullie helpen met jullie werk in de tent van ontmoeting. Maar niemand van de andere stammen mag dat.
5 Jij en je zonen hebben de taak om te dienen in het heiligdom en bij het altaar. Als jullie je hieraan houden, dan zal Ik niet boos worden op de Israëlieten. 6 Ik heb Zelf de Levieten uit de rest van de Israëlieten gekozen en aan jou gegeven om je te helpen bij de tent van ontmoeting. 7 Maar alleen jij en je zonen mogen priesters zijn. Alleen jullie mogen dienen in alles wat er bij het altaar en achter het gordijn bij de kist van het verbond moet gebeuren. Daar moeten jullie dienen. Aan jullie heb Ik de taak van priesters gegeven. Het is mijn geschenk aan jullie. Maar als andere mensen die dingen doen, moeten ze worden gedood."
Het deel van de offers dat voor de priesters is
8 En de Heer zei tegen Aäron: "Het is ook jullie taak om alle beweeg-offers van de Israëlieten aan te nemen. Alles wat ze aan Mij geven, geef Ik aan jullie, omdat jullie gezalfd zijn. Dit is een eeuwige wet, die ook geldt voor jullie zonen ná jullie. 9 Van de offers waarvan maar een deel verbrand wordt, is een deel voor jullie. Dat deel is heel erg heilig. Alles wat ze Mij vrijwillig geven, met de meel-offers die daarbij horen, is voor jullie. En hun vergevings-offers en schuld-offers die ze aan Mij geven, zijn ook voor jou en je zonen. Dat is heel erg heilig. 10 Alle mannen uit jouw familie mogen daarvan eten. Ze moeten het eten op een heilige plek, want het is heel erg heilig.
11 De beweeg-offers die de Israëlieten aan Mij geven en die niet verbrand worden, geef Ik aan de priesters en hun gezinnen. Iedereen in jullie gezin die rein is, mag ervan eten.[a] Dat is een eeuwige wet. 12 Ik geef jullie dus het allerbeste deel van de olijf-olie, van de wijn en van het graan. Het eerste deel daarvan, het deel dat ze aan Mij geven, geef Ik aan jullie. 13 Het eerste deel van alles wat geoogst wordt in het land, is voor Mij. En Ik geef het aan jullie. Iedereen in jullie gezin die rein is, mag ervan eten. 14 Alles wat in Israël aan Mij wordt gegeven, is voor jullie. 15 Alle oudste zonen en alle eerstgeboren dieren die ze aan Mij geven, zijn voor jullie. Alleen moeten jullie de oudste zonen vrijkopen. Ook de eerstgeboren onreine dieren moeten jullie vrijkopen. 16 De zonen moeten jullie vrijkopen zodra ze één maand oud zijn. Je koopt hen vrij met een bedrag van 5 sikkels zilver (55 gram), gewogen met de sikkel die in het heiligdom gebruikt wordt. Die is 20 gera. 17 Maar de eerstgeboren dieren van koeien, schapen of geiten mag je niet vrijkopen. Ze zijn voor Mij. Je moet hun bloed rondom tegen de zijkanten van het altaar werpen en hun vet moet je verbranden. Als je het zó doet, ben Ik blij met het offer. 18 Maar het vlees van die dieren is voor jullie: het borststuk dat naar Mij omhoog gehouden is en heen en weer is bewogen en de rechter schouder zijn voor jullie.
19 Alle beweeg-offers die de Israëlieten aan Mij geven, geef Ik aan de priesters en hun gezinnen. Het is een eeuwige wet van Mij, een eeuwig verbond dat geldt voor jou en je familie ná jou."
De tienden van de Israëlieten en van de Levieten
20 En de Heer zei tegen Aäron: "De priesters zullen in het land geen eigen gebied krijgen. In plaats daarvan hebben ze Mij. 21 Ook de andere Levieten krijgen geen eigen gebied. Ik geef hun alle tienden van Israël.[b] Die zijn voor hen. Dat is hun loon voor het werk dat ze bij de tent van ontmoeting doen. 22 Want de Israëlieten mogen niet meer bij de tent van ontmoeting komen. Doen ze dat toch, dan zijn ze Mij ongehoorzaam en zullen ze sterven. 23 Maar de Levieten moeten dienen bij de tent van ontmoeting. Zij zijn er verantwoordelijk voor en ze zullen zelf verantwoordelijk zijn voor wat ze daarbij verkeerd doen. Dit is een eeuwige wet voor jou en je familie ná jou. Jullie krijgen geen eigen gebied bij de Israëlieten. 24 In plaats daarvan krijgen de Levieten alle tienden die de Israëlieten als beweeg-offer aan Mij geven. Daarom heb Ik gezegd dat de Levieten geen eigen gebied krijgen, zoals de andere Israëlieten."
25 De Heer zei tegen Mozes: 26 "Zeg tegen de Levieten: In plaats van een eigen gebied krijgen jullie van de Israëlieten de tienden. Daarvan moeten jullie weer een tiende deel als beweeg-offer aan Mij geven. 27 Zoals de andere Israëlieten een tiende deel van hun oogst van graan of wijn aan Mij geven, zo geven jullie aan Mij een tiende deel van de tienden die jullie krijgen. Dat is júllie beweeg-offer aan Mij. 28 Dat deel moeten jullie aan de priester Aäron geven. Maar eerst moeten jullie het naar Mij omhoog houden en heen en weer bewegen. Daarna geven jullie het aan Aäron. 29 Van alles wat jullie krijgen, moeten jullie een heel tiende deel van het beste deel aan Mij geven. 30 Zeg dus tegen de Levieten: 'De Israëlieten geven een tiende deel van het beste van hun oogst van graan of wijn als beweeg-offer aan de Heer. Daarna is het voor jullie. En jullie geven weer een tiende deel van het beste daarvan als beweeg-offer aan de Heer. Daarna is dat voor Aäron. 31 De rest mogen jullie met je hele gezin eten, waar je wil. Het is jullie loon voor het werk dat jullie in het heiligdom doen. 32 Jullie mogen daarbij niet het beste deel zelf houden, maar jullie moeten het beste deel ervan aan de Heer geven. Want jullie moeten ontzag hebben voor de offers die de Israëlieten brengen. Anders zullen jullie sterven.' "
Footnotes
- Numeri 18:11 God had gezegd dat een mens van bepaalde dingen 'onrein' werd. Bijvoorbeeld van het aanraken van dode dieren, van het eten van 'onreine' dieren, van het aanraken van een dode, van bepaalde ziekten. Hierover is te lezen in het bijbelboek Leviticus, onder andere in Leviticus 5:2 en 3, Leviticus 11, Leviticus 12:2 en Leviticus 15:3. Onreine mensen mochten niet van de offers eten.
- Numeri 18:21 Bedoeld wordt een tiende deel van alles wat geoogst wordt. Zonder dat zouden de Levieten geen inkomsten hebben, omdat ze geen eigen akkers kregen.
Numbers 18
King James Version
18 And the Lord said unto Aaron, Thou and thy sons and thy father's house with thee shall bear the iniquity of the sanctuary: and thou and thy sons with thee shall bear the iniquity of your priesthood.
2 And thy brethren also of the tribe of Levi, the tribe of thy father, bring thou with thee, that they may be joined unto thee, and minister unto thee: but thou and thy sons with thee shall minister before the tabernacle of witness.
3 And they shall keep thy charge, and the charge of all the tabernacle: only they shall not come nigh the vessels of the sanctuary and the altar, that neither they, nor ye also, die.
4 And they shall be joined unto thee, and keep the charge of the tabernacle of the congregation, for all the service of the tabernacle: and a stranger shall not come nigh unto you.
5 And ye shall keep the charge of the sanctuary, and the charge of the altar: that there be no wrath any more upon the children of Israel.
6 And I, behold, I have taken your brethren the Levites from among the children of Israel: to you they are given as a gift for the Lord, to do the service of the tabernacle of the congregation.
7 Therefore thou and thy sons with thee shall keep your priest's office for everything of the altar, and within the vail; and ye shall serve: I have given your priest's office unto you as a service of gift: and the stranger that cometh nigh shall be put to death.
8 And the Lord spake unto Aaron, Behold, I also have given thee the charge of mine heave offerings of all the hallowed things of the children of Israel; unto thee have I given them by reason of the anointing, and to thy sons, by an ordinance for ever.
9 This shall be thine of the most holy things, reserved from the fire: every oblation of their's, every meat offering of their's, and every sin offering of their's, and every trespass offering of their's which they shall render unto me, shall be most holy for thee and for thy sons.
10 In the most holy place shalt thou eat it; every male shall eat it: it shall be holy unto thee.
11 And this is thine; the heave offering of their gift, with all the wave offerings of the children of Israel: I have given them unto thee, and to thy sons and to thy daughters with thee, by a statute for ever: every one that is clean in thy house shall eat of it.
12 All the best of the oil, and all the best of the wine, and of the wheat, the firstfruits of them which they shall offer unto the Lord, them have I given thee.
13 And whatsoever is first ripe in the land, which they shall bring unto the Lord, shall be thine; every one that is clean in thine house shall eat of it.
14 Every thing devoted in Israel shall be thine.
15 Every thing that openeth the matrix in all flesh, which they bring unto the Lord, whether it be of men or beasts, shall be thine: nevertheless the firstborn of man shalt thou surely redeem, and the firstling of unclean beasts shalt thou redeem.
16 And those that are to be redeemed from a month old shalt thou redeem, according to thine estimation, for the money of five shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary, which is twenty gerahs.
17 But the firstling of a cow, or the firstling of a sheep, or the firstling of a goat, thou shalt not redeem; they are holy: thou shalt sprinkle their blood upon the altar, and shalt burn their fat for an offering made by fire, for a sweet savour unto the Lord.
18 And the flesh of them shall be thine, as the wave breast and as the right shoulder are thine.
19 All the heave offerings of the holy things, which the children of Israel offer unto the Lord, have I given thee, and thy sons and thy daughters with thee, by a statute for ever: it is a covenant of salt for ever before the Lord unto thee and to thy seed with thee.
20 And the Lord spake unto Aaron, Thou shalt have no inheritance in their land, neither shalt thou have any part among them: I am thy part and thine inheritance among the children of Israel.
21 And, behold, I have given the children of Levi all the tenth in Israel for an inheritance, for their service which they serve, even the service of the tabernacle of the congregation.
22 Neither must the children of Israel henceforth come nigh the tabernacle of the congregation, lest they bear sin, and die.
23 But the Levites shall do the service of the tabernacle of the congregation, and they shall bear their iniquity: it shall be a statute for ever throughout your generations, that among the children of Israel they have no inheritance.
24 But the tithes of the children of Israel, which they offer as an heave offering unto the Lord, I have given to the Levites to inherit: therefore I have said unto them, Among the children of Israel they shall have no inheritance.
25 And the Lord spake unto Moses, saying,
26 Thus speak unto the Levites, and say unto them, When ye take of the children of Israel the tithes which I have given you from them for your inheritance, then ye shall offer up an heave offering of it for the Lord, even a tenth part of the tithe.
27 And this your heave offering shall be reckoned unto you, as though it were the corn of the threshingfloor, and as the fulness of the winepress.
28 Thus ye also shall offer an heave offering unto the Lord of all your tithes, which ye receive of the children of Israel; and ye shall give thereof the Lord'S heave offering to Aaron the priest.
29 Out of all your gifts ye shall offer every heave offering of the Lord, of all the best thereof, even the hallowed part thereof out of it.
30 Therefore thou shalt say unto them, When ye have heaved the best thereof from it, then it shall be counted unto the Levites as the increase of the threshingfloor, and as the increase of the winepress.
31 And ye shall eat it in every place, ye and your households: for it is your reward for your service in the tabernacle of the congregation.
32 And ye shall bear no sin by reason of it, when ye have heaved from it the best of it: neither shall ye pollute the holy things of the children of Israel, lest ye die.
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