Les lois rituelles diverses

Les offrandes et les libations

15 L’Eternel s’adressa à Moïse en ces termes : Parle aux Israélites, et dis-leur : Lorsque vous serez arrivés dans le pays que je vais vous donner pour que vous y fassiez votre demeure, et que vous voudrez m’offrir un sacrifice de gros ou de petit bétail consumé par le feu dont l’odeur apaisera l’Eternel – que ce soit un holocauste ou un sacrifice destiné à accomplir un vœu, un sacrifice volontaire, ou encore un sacrifice offert à l’occasion de l’une de vos fêtes religieuses – vous y joindrez une offrande de trois kilogrammes de fleur de farine pétrie avec deux litres d’huile et une libation de deux litres de vin. Cette offrande de céréales et cette libation accompagneront chaque agneau offert en holocauste ou en sacrifice. Pour un bélier, vous ferez une offrande de six kilogrammes de fleur de farine pétrie avec deux litres et demi d’huile d’olive et une libation de deux litres et demi de vin. L’odeur de ces sacrifices que tu offriras ainsi apaisera l’Eternel. Si c’est un veau que vous offrez à l’Eternel soit en holocauste, soit comme sacrifice destiné à accomplir un vœu, soit comme sacrifice de communion, vous y adjoindrez une offrande de neuf kilogrammes de fleur de farine pétrie avec quatre litres d’huile 10 et une libation de quatre litres de vin. L’odeur de ces sacrifices consumés par le feu apaisera l’Eternel.

11 Chaque bœuf, chaque bélier, chaque agneau ou chevreau sera offert de cette manière. 12 Quel que soit le nombre des victimes que vous offrirez, vous accompagnerez chacune d’elles de l’offrande de céréales et de la libation correspondantes. 13 L’Israélite de naissance suivra ces prescriptions pour offrir les sacrifices consumés par le feu dont l’odeur apaise l’Eternel. 14 Et l’étranger séjournant parmi vous ou établi depuis plusieurs générations au milieu de vous procédera de la même manière que vous pour offrir un sacrifice consumé par le feu dont l’odeur apaise l’Eternel[a]. 15 La communauté aura un seul et même rituel, qui s’appliquera aux uns comme aux autres. Ce sera un rituel immuable pour les générations à venir, et il en sera de même pour vous et pour l’immigré, devant l’Eternel. 16 Une même loi et une même ordonnance vous régiront, vous et l’étranger qui réside parmi vous.

L’offrande des premiers pains

17 L’Eternel s’adressa à Moïse en ces termes : 18 Dis aux Israélites : Lorsque vous serez arrivés au pays vers lequel je vous conduis, 19 et que vous mangerez du pain du pays, vous en prélèverez une offrande pour l’Eternel[b]. 20 Quand vous cuirez votre pain, vous prélèverez la première miche que vous m’offrirez comme ce qu’on prélève sur la nouvelle récolte de blé. 21 Vous ferez ainsi une offrande à l’Eternel des premiers produits de vos fournées, de génération en génération.

L’expiation de fautes commises par inadvertance

22 Supposons que vous négligiez par inadvertance d’obéir à l’un de ces commandements que j’ai communiqués à Moïse, 23 à l’un de ces ordres que je vous ai transmis par son intermédiaire, à partir du jour où je les ai prescrits et par la suite, de génération en génération. 24 Si donc cette faute a été commise par inadvertance et qu’elle a échappé à la communauté, toute la communauté offrira un jeune taureau comme holocauste dont l’odeur apaisera l’Eternel – avec l’offrande et la libation prescrites – ainsi qu’un bouc en sacrifice pour le péché. 25 Le prêtre fera le rite d’expiation pour toute la communauté des Israélites, et il leur sera pardonné, puisque c’est une faute commise par mégarde. Quand ils auront apporté leur sacrifice, un sacrifice consumé par le feu pour l’Eternel, et présenté leur sacrifice pour le péché devant moi, pour leur faute commise par inadvertance, 26 il sera pardonné à toute la communauté des Israélites et à l’immigré installé au milieu d’eux, car c’est par inadvertance que tout le peuple aura commis cette faute.

27 Si c’est une seule personne qui a commis une faute par inadvertance, elle offrira un chevreau dans sa première année en sacrifice pour le péché[c]. 28 Le prêtre accomplira devant l’Eternel le rite d’expiation pour la personne qui a commis une faute par inadvertance. Une fois que le rite d’expiation sera accompli pour elle, il lui sera pardonné. 29 Une seule et même loi régira les Israélites nés dans le pays qui commettent une faute par inadvertance et les immigrés installés parmi eux.

30 Mais si quelqu’un commet délibérément une faute – qu’il soit autochtone ou immigré – il fait injure à l’Eternel et il sera retranché du milieu de son peuple. 31 Pour avoir méprisé la parole de l’Eternel et violé son commandement, il doit être retranché car il porte la responsabilité de sa faute.

Le respect du sabbat

32 Pendant leur séjour au désert, les Israélites trouvèrent un homme qui ramassait du bois le jour du sabbat. 33 Ceux qui l’avaient surpris ainsi l’amenèrent devant Moïse, Aaron et toute la communauté. 34 Ils le tinrent sous bonne garde, car rien n’avait encore été prescrit quant à la peine qu’il fallait lui infliger. 35 L’Eternel dit à Moïse : Cet homme doit être mis à mort, toute la communauté le lapidera à l’extérieur du camp.

36 Alors toute la communauté le fit sortir du camp et le lapida jusqu’à ce que mort s’ensuive comme l’Eternel l’avait ordonné à Moïse.

Les prescriptions vestimentaires

37 L’Eternel dit à Moïse : 38 Parle aux Israélites pour leur dire de se faire, eux et tous leurs descendants, des franges sur les bords de leurs vêtements[d] en passant dans chacune un cordon de pourpre violette. 39 Ainsi, lorsque vous verrez ces franges, vous penserez à tous les commandements de l’Eternel pour les appliquer et vous ne vous égarerez pas en suivant les désirs de votre cœur et de vos yeux qui vous incitent à l’infidélité. 40 Ainsi vous vous souviendrez de tous mes commandements, vous y obéirez, et vous serez saints pour votre Dieu. 41 Je suis l’Eternel, votre Dieu, qui vous ai fait sortir d’Egypte pour être votre Dieu. Oui, je suis l’Eternel, votre Dieu.

Footnotes

  1. 15.14 Pour les v. 14-16, voir Lv 24.22.
  2. 15.19 Offrandes qui revenaient aux prêtres et constituaient un apport important (comparer 18.12).
  3. 15.27 Pour les v. 27-28, voir Lv 4.27-31.
  4. 15.38 Voir Dt 22.12.

Supplementary Offerings

15 The Lord said to Moses, “Speak to the Israelites and say to them: ‘After you enter the land I am giving you(A) as a home and you present to the Lord food offerings from the herd or the flock,(B) as an aroma pleasing to the Lord(C)—whether burnt offerings(D) or sacrifices, for special vows or freewill offerings(E) or festival offerings(F) then the person who brings an offering shall present to the Lord a grain offering(G) of a tenth of an ephah[a] of the finest flour(H) mixed with a quarter of a hin[b] of olive oil. With each lamb(I) for the burnt offering or the sacrifice, prepare a quarter of a hin of wine(J) as a drink offering.(K)

“‘With a ram(L) prepare a grain offering(M) of two-tenths of an ephah[c](N) of the finest flour mixed with a third of a hin[d] of olive oil,(O) and a third of a hin of wine(P) as a drink offering.(Q) Offer it as an aroma pleasing to the Lord.(R)

“‘When you prepare a young bull(S) as a burnt offering or sacrifice, for a special vow(T) or a fellowship offering(U) to the Lord, bring with the bull a grain offering(V) of three-tenths of an ephah[e](W) of the finest flour mixed with half a hin[f] of olive oil, 10 and also bring half a hin of wine(X) as a drink offering.(Y) This will be a food offering, an aroma pleasing to the Lord.(Z) 11 Each bull or ram, each lamb or young goat, is to be prepared in this manner. 12 Do this for each one, for as many as you prepare.(AA)

13 “‘Everyone who is native-born(AB) must do these things in this way when they present a food offering as an aroma pleasing to the Lord.(AC) 14 For the generations to come,(AD) whenever a foreigner(AE) or anyone else living among you presents a food(AF) offering(AG) as an aroma pleasing to the Lord, they must do exactly as you do. 15 The community is to have the same rules for you and for the foreigner residing among you; this is a lasting ordinance for the generations to come.(AH) You and the foreigner shall be the same before the Lord: 16 The same laws and regulations will apply both to you and to the foreigner residing among you.(AI)’”

17 The Lord said to Moses, 18 “Speak to the Israelites and say to them: ‘When you enter the land to which I am taking you(AJ) 19 and you eat the food of the land,(AK) present a portion as an offering to the Lord.(AL) 20 Present a loaf from the first of your ground meal(AM) and present it as an offering from the threshing floor.(AN) 21 Throughout the generations to come(AO) you are to give this offering to the Lord from the first of your ground meal.(AP)

Offerings for Unintentional Sins

22 “‘Now if you as a community unintentionally fail to keep any of these commands the Lord gave Moses(AQ) 23 any of the Lord’s commands to you through him, from the day the Lord gave them and continuing through the generations to come(AR) 24 and if this is done unintentionally(AS) without the community being aware of it,(AT) then the whole community is to offer a young bull for a burnt offering(AU) as an aroma pleasing to the Lord,(AV) along with its prescribed grain offering(AW) and drink offering,(AX) and a male goat for a sin offering.[g](AY) 25 The priest is to make atonement for the whole Israelite community, and they will be forgiven,(AZ) for it was not intentional(BA) and they have presented to the Lord for their wrong a food offering(BB) and a sin offering.(BC) 26 The whole Israelite community and the foreigners residing among them will be forgiven, because all the people were involved in the unintentional wrong.(BD)

27 “‘But if just one person sins unintentionally,(BE) that person must bring a year-old female goat for a sin offering.(BF) 28 The priest is to make atonement(BG) before the Lord for the one who erred by sinning unintentionally, and when atonement has been made, that person will be forgiven.(BH) 29 One and the same law applies to everyone who sins unintentionally, whether a native-born Israelite or a foreigner residing among you.(BI)

30 “‘But anyone who sins defiantly,(BJ) whether native-born or foreigner,(BK) blasphemes the Lord(BL) and must be cut off from the people of Israel.(BM) 31 Because they have despised(BN) the Lord’s word and broken his commands,(BO) they must surely be cut off; their guilt remains on them.(BP)’”

The Sabbath-Breaker Put to Death

32 While the Israelites were in the wilderness,(BQ) a man was found gathering wood on the Sabbath day.(BR) 33 Those who found him gathering wood brought him to Moses and Aaron and the whole assembly, 34 and they kept him in custody, because it was not clear what should be done to him.(BS) 35 Then the Lord said to Moses, “The man must die.(BT) The whole assembly must stone him outside the camp.(BU) 36 So the assembly took him outside the camp and stoned him(BV) to death,(BW) as the Lord commanded Moses.(BX)

Tassels on Garments

37 The Lord said to Moses, 38 “Speak to the Israelites and say to them: ‘Throughout the generations to come(BY) you are to make tassels on the corners of your garments,(BZ) with a blue cord on each tassel. 39 You will have these tassels to look at and so you will remember(CA) all the commands of the Lord, that you may obey them and not prostitute yourselves(CB) by chasing after the lusts of your own hearts(CC) and eyes. 40 Then you will remember to obey all my commands(CD) and will be consecrated to your God.(CE) 41 I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of Egypt to be your God.(CF) I am the Lord your God.(CG)’”

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 15:4 That is, probably about 3 1/2 pounds or about 1.6 kilograms
  2. Numbers 15:4 That is, about 1 quart or about 1 liter; also in verse 5
  3. Numbers 15:6 That is, probably about 7 pounds or about 3.2 kilograms
  4. Numbers 15:6 That is, about 1 1/3 quarts or about 1.3 liters; also in verse 7
  5. Numbers 15:9 That is, probably about 11 pounds or about 5 kilograms
  6. Numbers 15:9 That is, about 2 quarts or about 1.9 liters; also in verse 10
  7. Numbers 15:24 Or purification offering; also in verses 25 and 27

Laws of Grain and Drink Offerings

15 And the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, (A)“Speak to the children of Israel, and say to them: ‘When you have come into the land you are to inhabit, which I am giving to you, and you (B)make an offering by fire to the Lord, a burnt offering or a sacrifice, (C)to fulfill a vow or as a freewill offering or (D)in your appointed feasts, to make a (E)sweet[a] aroma to the Lord, from the herd or the flock, then (F)he who presents his offering to the Lord shall bring (G)a grain offering of one-tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed (H)with one-fourth of a hin of oil; (I)and one-fourth of a hin of wine as a drink offering you shall prepare with the burnt offering or the sacrifice, for each (J)lamb. (K)Or for a ram you shall prepare as a grain offering two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with one-third of a hin of oil; and as a drink offering you shall offer one-third of a hin of wine as a sweet aroma to the Lord. And when you prepare a young bull as a burnt offering, or as a sacrifice to fulfill a vow, or as a (L)peace offering to the Lord, then shall be offered (M)with the young bull a grain offering of three-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with half a hin of oil; 10 and you shall bring as the drink offering half a hin of wine as an offering made by fire, a sweet aroma to the Lord.

11 (N)‘Thus it shall be done for each young bull, for each ram, or for each lamb or young goat. 12 According to the number that you prepare, so you shall do with everyone according to their number. 13 All who are native-born shall do these things in this manner, in presenting an offering made by fire, a sweet aroma to the Lord. 14 And if a stranger [b]dwells with you, or whoever is among you throughout your generations, and would present an offering made by fire, a sweet aroma to the Lord, just as you do, so shall he do. 15 (O)One [c]ordinance shall be for you of the assembly and for the stranger who dwells with you, an ordinance forever throughout your generations; as you are, so shall the stranger be before the Lord. 16 One law and one custom shall be for you and for the stranger who dwells with you.’ ”

17 Again the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 18 (P)“Speak to the children of Israel, and say to them: ‘When you come into the land to which I bring you, 19 then it will be, when you eat of (Q)the bread of the land, that you shall offer up a heave offering to the Lord. 20 (R)You shall offer up a cake of the first of your ground meal as a heave offering; as (S)a heave offering of the threshing floor, so shall you offer it up. 21 Of the first of your ground meal you shall give to the Lord a heave offering throughout your generations.

Laws Concerning Unintentional Sin

22 (T)‘If you sin unintentionally, and do not observe all these commandments which the Lord has spoken to Moses— 23 all that the Lord has commanded you by the hand of Moses, from the day the Lord gave commandment and onward throughout your generations— 24 then it will be, (U)if it is unintentionally committed, [d]without the knowledge of the congregation, that the whole congregation shall offer one young bull as a burnt offering, as a sweet aroma to the Lord, (V)with its grain offering and its drink offering, according to the ordinance, and (W)one kid of the goats as a sin offering. 25 (X)So the priest shall make atonement for the whole congregation of the children of Israel, and it shall be forgiven them, for it was unintentional; they shall bring their offering, an offering made by fire to the Lord, and their sin offering before the Lord, for their unintended sin. 26 It shall be forgiven the whole congregation of the children of Israel and the stranger who dwells among them, because all the people did it unintentionally.

27 ‘And (Y)if a person sins unintentionally, then he shall bring a female goat in its first year as a sin offering. 28 (Z)So the priest shall make atonement for the person who sins unintentionally, when he sins unintentionally before the Lord, to make atonement for him; and it shall be forgiven him. 29 (AA)You shall have one law for him who sins unintentionally, for him who is native-born among the children of Israel and for the stranger who dwells among them.

Law Concerning Presumptuous Sin

30 (AB)‘But the person who does anything [e]presumptuously, whether he is native-born or a stranger, that one [f]brings reproach on the Lord, and he shall be [g]cut off from among his people. 31 Because he has (AC)despised the word of the Lord, and has broken His commandment, that person shall be completely cut off; his [h]guilt shall be upon him.’ ”

Penalty for Violating the Sabbath(AD)

32 Now while the children of Israel were in the wilderness, (AE)they found a man gathering sticks on the Sabbath day. 33 And those who found him gathering sticks brought him to Moses and Aaron, and to all the congregation. 34 They put him (AF)under guard, because it had not been explained what should be done to him.

35 Then the Lord said to Moses, (AG)“The man must surely be put to death; all the congregation shall (AH)stone him with stones outside the camp.” 36 So, as the Lord commanded Moses, all the congregation brought him outside the camp and stoned him with stones, and he died.

Tassels on Garments

37 Again the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, 38 “Speak to the children of Israel: Tell (AI)them to make tassels on the corners of their garments throughout their generations, and to put a blue thread in the tassels of the corners. 39 And you shall have the tassel, that you may look upon it and (AJ)remember all the commandments of the Lord and do them, and that you (AK)may not (AL)follow the harlotry to which your own heart and your own eyes are inclined, 40 and that you may remember and do all My commandments, and be (AM)holy for your God. 41 I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, to be your God: I am the Lord your God.”

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 15:3 pleasing
  2. Numbers 15:14 As a resident alien
  3. Numbers 15:15 statute
  4. Numbers 15:24 Lit. away from the eyes
  5. Numbers 15:30 defiantly, lit. with a high hand
  6. Numbers 15:30 blasphemes
  7. Numbers 15:30 Put to death
  8. Numbers 15:31 iniquity