Numbers 13
New English Translation
Spies Sent Out
13 [a] The Lord spoke[b] to Moses: 2 “Send out men to investigate[c] the land of Canaan, which I am giving[d] to the Israelites. You are to send one man from each ancestral tribe,[e] each one a leader among them.” 3 So Moses sent them from the wilderness of Paran at the command[f] of the Lord. All of them were leaders[g] of the Israelites.
4 Now these were their names: from the tribe of Reuben, Shammua son of Zaccur; 5 from the tribe of Simeon, Shaphat son of Hori; 6 from the tribe of Judah, Caleb son of Jephunneh; 7 from the tribe of Issachar, Igal son of Joseph; 8 from the tribe of Ephraim, Hoshea son of Nun; 9 from the tribe of Benjamin, Palti son of Raphu; 10 from the tribe of Zebulun, Gaddiel son of Sodi; 11 from the tribe[h] of Joseph, namely, the tribe of Manasseh, Gaddi son of Susi; 12 from the tribe of Dan, Ammiel son of Gemalli; 13 from the tribe of Asher, Sethur son of Michael; 14 from the tribe of Naphtali, Nahbi son of Vopshi; 15 from the tribe of Gad, Geuel son of Maki. 16 These are the names of the men whom Moses sent to investigate the land. And Moses gave Hoshea son of Nun the name Joshua.[i]
The Spies’ Instructions
17 When Moses sent[j] them to investigate the land of Canaan, he told them, “Go up through the Negev,[k] and then go up into the hill country 18 and see[l] what the land is like,[m] and whether the people who live in it are strong or weak, few or many, 19 and whether the land they live in is good or bad, and whether the cities they inhabit are like camps or fortified cities, 20 and whether the land is rich or poor, and whether or not there are forests in it. And be brave,[n] and bring back some of the fruit of the land.” Now it was the time of year[o] for the first ripe grapes.[p]
The Spies’ Activities
21 So they went up and investigated the land from the wilderness of Zin to Rehob,[q] at Lebo Hamath. 22 When they went up through the Negev, they[r] came[s] to Hebron where Ahiman, Sheshai, and Talmai,[t] descendants of Anak, were living. (Now Hebron had been built seven years before Zoan[u] in Egypt.) 23 When they came to the valley of Eshcol, they cut down from there a branch with one cluster of grapes, and they carried it on a staff[v] between two men, as well as some of the pomegranates and the figs. 24 That place was called[w] the Eshcol Valley,[x] because of the cluster[y] of grapes that the Israelites cut from there. 25 They returned from investigating the land after forty days.
The Spies’ Reports
26 They came back[z] to Moses and Aaron and to the whole community of the Israelites in the wilderness of Paran at Kadesh.[aa] They reported[ab] to the whole community and showed the fruit of the land. 27 They told Moses,[ac] “We went to the land where you sent us.[ad] It is indeed flowing with milk and honey,[ae] and this is its fruit. 28 But[af] the inhabitants[ag] are strong, and the cities are fortified and very large. Moreover we saw the descendants of Anak there. 29 The Amalekites live in the land of the Negev; the Hittites, Jebusites, and Amorites live in the hill country; and the Canaanites live by the sea and along the banks[ah] of the Jordan.”[ai]
30 Then Caleb silenced the people before Moses, saying, “Let us go up[aj] and occupy it,[ak] for we are well able to conquer it.”[al] 31 But the men[am] who had gone up with him said, “We are not able to go up against these people, because they are stronger than we are!” 32 Then they presented the Israelites with a discouraging report[an] of the land they had investigated, saying, “The land that we passed through[ao] to investigate is a land that devours[ap] its inhabitants.[aq] All the people we saw there[ar] are of great stature. 33 We even saw the Nephilim[as] there (the descendants of Anak came from the Nephilim), and we seemed like grasshoppers both to ourselves[at] and to them.”[au]
Footnotes
- Numbers 13:1 sn Chapter 13 provides the names of the spies sent into the land (vv. 1-16), their instructions (vv. 17-20), their activities (vv. 21-25), and their reports (vv. 26-33). It is a chapter that serves as a good lesson on faith, for some of the spies walked by faith, and some by sight.
- Numbers 13:1 tn The verse starts with the vav (ו) consecutive on the verb: “and….”
- Numbers 13:2 tn The imperfect tense with the conjunction is here subordinated to the preceding imperative to form the purpose clause. It can thus be translated “send…to investigate.”
- Numbers 13:2 tn The participle here should be given a future interpretation, meaning “which I am about to give” or “which I am going to give.”
- Numbers 13:2 tn Heb “one man one man of the tribe of his fathers.”
- Numbers 13:3 tn Heb “mouth.”
- Numbers 13:3 tn Heb “heads.”
- Numbers 13:11 tc Some scholars emend “tribe” to “sons.” Cf. Num 1:10.
- Numbers 13:16 sn The difference in the names is slight, a change from “he saves” to “the Lord saves.” The Greek text of the OT used Iesoun for Hebrew Yeshua.
- Numbers 13:17 tn The preterite with vav (ו) consecutive is here subordinated to the next verb of the same formation to express a temporal clause.
- Numbers 13:17 tn The instructions had them first go up into the southern desert of the land, and after passing through that, into the hill country of the Canaanites. The text could be rendered “into the Negev” as well as “through the Negev.”
- Numbers 13:18 tn The form is the perfect tense with vav (ו) consecutive; the word therefore carries the volitional mood of the preceding imperatives. It may be either another imperative, or it may be subordinated as a purpose clause.
- Numbers 13:18 tn Heb “see the land, what it is.”
- Numbers 13:20 tn The verb is the Hitpael perfect with vav (ו) consecutive, from the root חָזַק (khazaq, “to be strong”). Here it could mean “strengthen yourselves” or “be courageous” or “determined.” See further uses in 2 Sam 10:12; 1 Kgs 20:22; 1 Chr 19:13.
- Numbers 13:20 tn Heb “Now the days were the days of.”
- Numbers 13:20 sn The reference to the first ripe grapes would put the time somewhere at the end of July.
- Numbers 13:21 sn Zin is on the southern edge of the land, but Rehob is far north, near Mount Hermon. The spies covered all the land.
- Numbers 13:22 tc The MT has the singular, but the ancient versions and Smr have the plural.
- Numbers 13:22 tn The preterite with vav (ו) consecutive is here subordinated to the following clause. The first verse gave the account of their journey over the whole land; this section focuses on what happened in the area of Hebron, which would be the basis for the false report.
- Numbers 13:22 sn These names are thought to be three clans that were in the Hebron area (see Josh 15:14; Judg 1:20). To call them descendants of Anak is usually taken to mean that they were large or tall people (2 Sam 21:18-22). They were ultimately driven out by Caleb.
- Numbers 13:22 sn The text now provides a brief historical aside for the readers. Zoan was probably the city of Tanis, although that is disputed today by some scholars. It was known in Egypt in the New Kingdom as “the fields of Tanis,” which corresponded to the “fields of Zoar” in the Hebrew Bible (Ps 78:12, 43).
- Numbers 13:23 tn The word is related etymologically to the verb for “slip, slide, bend, totter.” This would fit the use very well. A pole that would not bend would be hard to use to carry things, but a pole or stave that was flexible would serve well.
- Numbers 13:24 tn The verb is rendered as a passive because there is no expressed subject.
- Numbers 13:24 tn Or “Wadi Eshcol.” The translation “brook” is too generous; the Hebrew term refers to a river bed, a ravine or valley through which torrents of rain would rush in the rainy season; at other times it might be completely dry.
- Numbers 13:24 tn The word “Eshcol” is drawn from the Hebrew expression concerning the “cluster of grapes.” The word is probably retained in the name Burj Haskeh, two miles north of Damascus.
- Numbers 13:26 tn The construction literally has “and they went and they entered,” which may be smoothed out as a verbal hendiadys, the one verb modifying the other.
- Numbers 13:26 sn Kadesh is Ain Qadeis, about 50 miles (83 km) south of Beer Sheba. It is called Kadesh Barnea in Num 32:8.
- Numbers 13:26 tn Heb “They brought back word”; the verb is the Hiphil preterite of שׁוּב (shuv).
- Numbers 13:27 tn Heb “told him and said.” The referent (Moses) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
- Numbers 13:27 tn The relative clause modifies “the land.” It is constructed with the relative and the verb: “where you sent us.”
- Numbers 13:27 sn This is the common expression for the material abundance of the land (see further, F. C. Fensham, “An Ancient Tradition of the Fertility of Palestine,” PEQ 98 [1966]: 166-67).
- Numbers 13:28 tn The word (אֶפֶס, ʾefes) forms a very strong adversative. The land was indeed rich and fruitful, but….”
- Numbers 13:28 tn Heb “the people who are living in the land.”
- Numbers 13:29 tn Heb “by the side [hand] of.”
- Numbers 13:29 sn For more discussion on these people groups, see D. J. Wiseman, ed., Peoples of Old Testament Times.
- Numbers 13:30 tn The construction is emphatic, using the cohortative with the infinitive absolute to strengthen it: עָלֹה נַעֲלֶה (ʿaloh naʿaleh, “let us go up”) with the sense of certainty and immediacy.
- Numbers 13:30 tn The perfect tense with vav (ו) consecutive brings the cohortative idea forward: “and let us possess it”; it may also be subordinated to form a purpose or result idea.
- Numbers 13:30 tn Here again the confidence of Caleb is expressed with the infinitive absolute and the imperfect tense: יָכוֹל נוּכַל (yakhol nukhal), “we are fully able” to do this. The verb יָכַל (yakhal) followed by the preposition lamed means “to prevail over, to conquer.”
- Numbers 13:31 tn The vav (ו) disjunctive on the noun at the beginning of the clause forms a strong adversative clause here.
- Numbers 13:32 tn Or “an evil report,” i.e., one that was a defamation of the grace of God.
- Numbers 13:32 tn Heb “which we passed over in it”; the pronoun on the preposition serves as a resumptive pronoun for the relative, and need not be translated literally.
- Numbers 13:32 tn The verb is the feminine singular participle from אָכַל (ʾakhal); it modifies the land as a “devouring land,” a bold figure for the difficulty of living in the place.
- Numbers 13:32 sn The expression has been interpreted in a number of ways by commentators, such as that the land was infertile, that the Canaanites were cannibals, that it was a land filled with warlike dissensions, or that it denotes a land geared for battle. It may be that they intended the land to seem infertile and insecure.
- Numbers 13:32 tn Heb “in its midst.”
- Numbers 13:33 tc The Greek version uses γίγαντας (gigantas, “giants”) to translate “the Nephilim,” but it does not retain the clause “the sons of Anak are from the Nephilim.”sn The Nephilim are the legendary giants of antiquity. They are first discussed in Gen 6:4. This forms part of the pessimism of the spies’ report.
- Numbers 13:33 tn Heb “in our eyes.”
- Numbers 13:33 tn Heb “in their eyes.”
Nombres 13
La Bible du Semeur
L’entrée en Canaan retardée de quarante ans
L’exploration du pays de Canaan
13 L’Eternel parla à Moïse et dit : 2 Envoie des hommes, un de chaque tribu, choisis parmi les chefs, pour explorer le pays de Canaan que je donne aux Israélites.
3 Moïse envoya des hommes depuis le désert de Parân, comme l’Eternel le lui avait demandé. C’étaient tous des chefs des Israélites. 4 Voici leurs noms :
Pour la tribu de Ruben : Shammoua, fils de Zakkour ;
5 Pour la tribu de Siméon : Shaphath, fils de Hori ;
6 Pour la tribu de Juda : Caleb, fils de Yephounné ;
7 Pour la tribu d’Issacar : Yiguéal, fils de Joseph ;
8 Pour la tribu d’Ephraïm : Osée, fils de Noun ;
9 Pour la tribu de Benjamin : Palti, fils de Raphou ;
10 Pour la tribu de Zabulon : Gaddiel, fils de Sodi ;
11 Pour la tribu de Joseph, c’est-à-dire celle de Manassé : Gaddi, fils de Sousi ;
12 Pour la tribu de Dan : Ammiel, fils de Guemalli ;
13 Pour la tribu d’Aser : Setour, fils de Michaël ;
14 Pour la tribu de Nephtali : Nahbi, fils de Vophsi ;
15 Pour la tribu de Gad : Guéouel, fils de Maki.
16 Tels sont les noms des hommes que Moïse envoya pour explorer le pays. Moïse donna à Osée[a], fils de Noun, le nom de Josué[b].
17 Moïse les envoya donc pour reconnaître le pays de Canaan, en leur disant : Passez par le Néguev, gagnez la région montagneuse 18 et examinez le pays. Voyez comment il se présente et quel peuple l’habite, observez s’il est fort ou faible, nombreux ou pas ; 19 voyez de quel genre est le pays où il habite ; s’il est bon ou mauvais ; et comment sont les villes, si elles sont ouvertes ou fortifiées. 20 La terre est-elle fertile ou pauvre, y trouve-t-on des arbres ou non ? Ayez du courage et rapportez des fruits du pays.
C’était, en effet, l’époque des premiers raisins.
21 Ainsi, ces hommes partirent et explorèrent le pays depuis le désert de Tsîn jusqu’à Rehob, près de Lebo-Hamath[c]. 22 Ils montèrent dans le Néguev et parvinrent à Hébron où vivaient les familles d’Ahimân, de Shéshaï et de Talmaï, descendants d’Anaq[d]. Hébron avait été fondée sept ans avant Tanis[e] en Egypte. 23 Arrivés dans la vallée d’Eshkol, ils coupèrent un sarment de vigne portant une grappe de raisins si lourde qu’ils durent la porter à deux au moyen d’une perche ; ils prirent aussi des grenades et des figues. 24 C’est depuis lors qu’on a nommé ce lieu : la vallée d’Eshkol (de la Grappe) en souvenir de la grappe de raisin que les Israélites y avaient coupée.
Le rapport des envoyés
25 Au bout de quarante jours, ils furent de retour de leur exploration du pays. 26 Ils vinrent trouver Moïse et Aaron et toute la communauté des Israélites dans le désert de Parân à Qadesh, ils leur rendirent compte de leur expédition et leur montrèrent les fruits du pays. 27 Voici le rapport qu’ils firent à Moïse : Nous sommes arrivés dans le pays où tu nous as envoyés. Oui, c’est vraiment un pays ruisselant de lait et de miel[f] ; et en voici les fruits. 28 Seulement, le peuple qui l’habite est terriblement fort, les villes sont d’immenses forteresses, et nous avons même vu des descendants d’Anaq. 29 Les Amalécites occupent la région du Néguev, les Hittites, les Yebousiens et les Amoréens tiennent la montagne, et les Cananéens[g] occupent le littoral de la Méditerranée et toute la vallée du Jourdain.
30 Alors Caleb essaya de faire taire le peuple qui commençait à s’en prendre à Moïse. Il lui dit : Allons-y, faisons la conquête de ce pays, car nous en sommes vraiment capables.
31 Mais les hommes qui l’avaient accompagné disaient : Nous ne sommes pas en mesure d’attaquer ce peuple, car il est plus fort que nous.
32 Puis ils se mirent à décrier le pays qu’ils avaient exploré devant les Israélites, en disant : Le pays que nous avons parcouru et exploré est une terre qui consume ses habitants ; quant à la population que nous y avons vue, ce sont tous des gens très grands. 33 Nous y avons même vu des géants[h], des descendants d’Anaq, de cette race de géants ; à côté d’eux, nous avions l’impression d’être comme des sauterelles, et c’est bien l’effet que nous leur faisions.
Footnotes
- 13.16 Voir v. 8. Osée signifie : Salut.
- 13.16 Voir Ex 17.8-16. Josué signifie : l’Eternel sauve.
- 13.21 Autre traduction : jusqu’à Rehob, à l’entrée de Hamath. Le désert de Tsîn se trouve au sud-est du pays d’Israël, Rehob tout au nord, à l’entrée du territoire de Hamath sur l’Oronte, à quelque 200 kilomètres au nord de Damas : un voyage d’environ 800 kilomètres aller-retour qui leur a pris quarante jours (v. 25).
- 13.22 Anciens habitants de Canaan, décrits comme étant des géants.
- 13.22 Ville fondée vers 1730 av. J.-C.
- 13.27 Voir Ex 3.8.
- 13.29 Noms des différents peuples habitant ce qui deviendra le pays d’Israël. Pour les Hittites, voir note Gn 23.3. Les Yebousiens occupaient la région de la future Jérusalem (Jos 15.63), les Amoréens étaient installés dans les régions montagneuses bordant la vallée du Jourdain (Gn 15.16 ; Nb 21.31).
- 13.33 Voir Gn 6.4.
Numbers 13
New International Version
Exploring Canaan
13 The Lord said to Moses, 2 “Send some men to explore(A) the land of Canaan,(B) which I am giving to the Israelites.(C) From each ancestral tribe(D) send one of its leaders.”
3 So at the Lord’s command Moses sent them out from the Desert of Paran. All of them were leaders of the Israelites.(E) 4 These are their names:
from the tribe of Reuben, Shammua son of Zakkur;
5 from the tribe of Simeon, Shaphat son of Hori;
6 from the tribe of Judah, Caleb son of Jephunneh;(F)
7 from the tribe of Issachar, Igal son of Joseph;
8 from the tribe of Ephraim, Hoshea son of Nun;(G)
9 from the tribe of Benjamin, Palti son of Raphu;
10 from the tribe of Zebulun, Gaddiel son of Sodi;
11 from the tribe of Manasseh (a tribe of Joseph), Gaddi son of Susi;
12 from the tribe of Dan, Ammiel son of Gemalli;
13 from the tribe of Asher, Sethur son of Michael;
14 from the tribe of Naphtali, Nahbi son of Vophsi;
15 from the tribe of Gad, Geuel son of Maki.
16 These are the names of the men Moses sent to explore(H) the land. (Moses gave Hoshea son of Nun(I) the name Joshua.)(J)
17 When Moses sent them to explore Canaan,(K) he said, “Go up through the Negev(L) and on into the hill country.(M) 18 See what the land is like and whether the people who live there are strong or weak, few or many. 19 What kind of land do they live in? Is it good or bad? What kind of towns do they live in? Are they unwalled or fortified? 20 How is the soil? Is it fertile or poor? Are there trees in it or not? Do your best to bring back some of the fruit of the land.(N)” (It was the season for the first ripe grapes.)(O)
21 So they went up and explored the land from the Desert of Zin(P) as far as Rehob,(Q) toward Lebo Hamath.(R) 22 They went up through the Negev and came to Hebron,(S) where Ahiman, Sheshai and Talmai,(T) the descendants of Anak,(U) lived. (Hebron had been built seven years before Zoan in Egypt.)(V) 23 When they reached the Valley of Eshkol,[a](W) they cut off a branch bearing a single cluster of grapes. Two of them carried it on a pole between them, along with some pomegranates(X) and figs.(Y) 24 That place was called the Valley of Eshkol because of the cluster of grapes the Israelites cut off there. 25 At the end of forty days(Z) they returned from exploring the land.(AA)
Report on the Exploration
26 They came back to Moses and Aaron and the whole Israelite community at Kadesh(AB) in the Desert of Paran.(AC) There they reported to them(AD) and to the whole assembly and showed them the fruit of the land.(AE) 27 They gave Moses this account: “We went into the land to which you sent us, and it does flow with milk and honey!(AF) Here is its fruit.(AG) 28 But the people who live there are powerful, and the cities are fortified and very large.(AH) We even saw descendants of Anak(AI) there.(AJ) 29 The Amalekites(AK) live in the Negev; the Hittites,(AL) Jebusites(AM) and Amorites(AN) live in the hill country;(AO) and the Canaanites(AP) live near the sea and along the Jordan.(AQ)”
30 Then Caleb(AR) silenced the people before Moses and said, “We should go up and take possession of the land, for we can certainly do it.”
31 But the men who had gone up with him said, “We can’t attack those people; they are stronger than we are.”(AS) 32 And they spread among the Israelites a bad report(AT) about the land they had explored. They said, “The land we explored devours(AU) those living in it. All the people we saw there are of great size.(AV) 33 We saw the Nephilim(AW) there (the descendants of Anak(AX) come from the Nephilim). We seemed like grasshoppers(AY) in our own eyes, and we looked the same to them.”
Footnotes
- Numbers 13:23 Eshkol means cluster; also in verse 24.
Numeri 13
La Nuova Diodati
13 L'Eterno parlò a Mosè, dicendo:
2 «Manda degli uomini ad esplorare il paese di Canaan che io do ai figli d'Israele. Ne manderete uno per ogni tribù dei loro padri; siano tutti dei loro principi».
3 Così Mosè li mandò dal deserto di Paran. secondo l'ordine dell'Eterno; tutti questi erano capi dei figli d'Israele.
4 Questi erano i loro nomi: per la tribù di Ruben. Shammua. figlio di Zakkur;
5 per la tribú di Simeone. Shafat, figlio di Hori;
6 per la tribú di Giuda, Caleb, figlio di Jefunneh;
7 per la tribù d'Issacar, Igal, figlio di Giuseppe,
8 per la tribù di Efraim, Hoscea figlio di Nun;
9 per la tribù di Beniamino, Palti, figlio di Rafu;
10 per la tribù di Zabulon, Gaddiel, figlio di Sodi;
11 per la tribù di Giuseppe, cioè per la tribù di Manasse, Gaddi figlio di Susi;
12 per la tribù di Dan, Ammiel, figlio di Ghemalli;
13 per la tribù di Ascer, Setur, figlio di Mikael;
14 per la tribù di Neftali, Nahbi, figlio di Vofsi;
15 per la tribù di Gad, Gheuel, figlio di Maki.
16 Questi sono i nomi degli uomini che Mosè mandò a esplorare il paese. Or Mosè diede a Hoscea, figlio di Nun, il nome di Giosuè.
17 Mosè dunque li mandò a esplorare il paese di Canaan e disse loro: «Salite di qui nel Neghev, poi salite nella regione montuosa,
18 per vedere come è il paese, se il popolo che l'abita è forte o debole, esiguo o numeroso;
19 come è il paese che abita, se buono o cattivo e come sono le città in cui abita, se siano accampamenti o luoghi fortificati;
20 e come è la terra, se grassa o magra, se vi siano alberi o no. Siate coraggiosi e portate dei frutti del paese». Era il tempo in cui cominciava a maturare l'uva.
21 Quelli dunque salirono e esplorarono il paese di Tsin fino a Rehob, entrando dalla parte di Hamath.
22 Salirono attraverso il Neghev e andarono fino a Hebron, dov'erano Ahiman, Sceshai e Talmai, discendenti di Anak. (Or Hebron era stata edificata sette anni prima di Tsoan in Egitto).
23 Giunsero quindi fino alla valle di Eshkol, dove tagliarono un tralcio con un grappolo d'uva, che portarono in due con una stanga; e presero anche delle melagrane e dei fichi.
24 Quel luogo fu chiamato valle di Eshkol, a motivo del grappolo d'uva che i figli d'Israele vi tagliarono.
25 Tornarono dall'esplorazione del paese al termine di quaranta giorni,
26 e andarono a trovare Mosè ed Aaronne e tutta l'assemblea dei figli d'Israele nel deserto di Paran, a adesh; davanti a loro e a tutta l'assemblea fecero un resoconto e mostrarono loro i frutti del paese.
27 Così fecero davanti a lui il resoconto, dicendo: «Noi siamo arrivati nel paese dove ci hai mandato; vi scorre veramente latte e miele, e questi sono i suoi frutti.
28 Ma il popolo che abita il paese è forte, le città sono fortificate e grandissime; e là abbiamo pure visto i discendenti di Anak.
29 Gli Amalekiti abitano la regione del Neghev; gli Hittei, i Gebusei e gli Amorei abitano invece la regione montuosa, mentre i Cananei abitano vicino al mare e lungo il Giordano».
30 Caleb allora calmò il popolo che mormorava contro Mosè e disse: «Saliamo subito e conquistiamo il paese, perché possiamo certamente farlo».
31 Ma gli uomini che erano andati con lui dissero: «Non possiamo salire contro questo popolo, perché è piú Forte di noi».
32 Così presentarono ai figli d'Israele un cattivo resoconto del paese che avevano esplorato dicendo: «Il paese che abbiamo attraversato per esplorarlo è un paese che divora i suoi abitanti; e tutta la gente che in esso abbiamo visto è gente di alta statura.
33 Inoltre là abbiamo visto i giganti (i discendenti di Anak provengono dai giganti), di fronte ai quali ci sembrava di essere delle cavallette, e così dovevamo sembrare a loro».
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